Introduction, also known as introduction or introduction, is the introduction of the text, equivalent to the opening remarks in a speech, and its function is to guide readers into the theme of the paper. A good preface can often stimulate readers’ interest in reading and prepare them for a better understanding of the article. Different SCI journals have different requirements. Some journals don’t need to write "Introduction," but just write two spaces after the keyword, while some SCI journals require the word "Introduction".

I. Elements of Preface

Preface generally includes: research background, statement of the problem and response to the problem.

1) First, introduce the research background and significance, explain the research fields and relationships related to the theme of the paper, and provide background information to let readers understand the importance of the content of the paper.

2) Then introduce the problems or phenomena to be studied, and point out the important topics that have not been studied or handled by scholars before, or derive new problems to be discussed, or methods or technologies to be further improved.

3) Finally, the purpose of introducing this paper is to concretize the author’s research task and explain what contribution and innovation his research work will make according to the situation.

In most cases, the projects we have studied have been carried out by predecessors, which shows that your research innovation and the difference from others’ research are very important.

Second, the writing points of the preface

1) The problems studied in clinical/population health research are generally intuitive and have some commonalities, so the writing can be short and concise. Make a brief overview of the research status at home and abroad, without making a detailed historical review and summary.

2) Basic medical papers are highly theoretical, and there are great differences between different types and disciplines in theory and practice. Therefore, it is generally necessary to give a more detailed introduction to the recent development of the disciplines involved in this study, existing problems and why this study is conducted, otherwise it will be difficult for readers to understand.

3) When describing the deficiency of predecessors’ work to emphasize the innovation of their own research, we should be cautious and leave room, and avoid using critical terms.

4) Use the expressions "initiative", "first discovery" and "filling in the blank" with caution, because the initiative must have exact information. In view of this, it can be expressed in a relatively euphemistic way, such as "there is no report on the searched literature".

5) The preface only serves as an outline of the text, and should not involve the data, results and conclusions of this study, so it is seldom repeated with the text. The result is obtained through experiment or clinical observation, and the conclusion is based on the result of logical reasoning to improve the opinion. It is illogical to affirm or deny the conclusion in the preface.

6) In the preface, when to ask your research question, that is, how to master the rhythm of the preface, will depend on the reader’s knowledge. If the author asks questions soon, it implies that the reader matches your talents and knowledge; If the author asks questions too slowly, it implies that the reader knows less than you. If readers are knowledgeable people, they may think that you know too little. But if readers know little and you ask questions quickly, readers may think that you don’t understand their needs. This requires the author to have good judgment and make the right choice.

What is the submission process of SCI papers?

What problems should be paid attention to before SCI papers are submitted?

Introduction of checkvvip paper duplicate checking system

How to open the invoice of checkvvip paper duplicate checking system?

　　"Reading and studying Bo does not prevent you from marrying a good man." "A man with a college degree is enough to be a boss and a husband!" Yesterday afternoon, in the venue of Chongqing University Graduate School, Zhou Xiaoyan, a professor of psychology at Chongqing Normal University and an expert on love and marriage, made a surprising speech. This is a lecture on "Emotional Puzzlement in Colleges and Universities" spontaneously held by graduate students. More than 100 boys and girls have a big collision of views on marriage and love.

　　According to some surveys, although graduate students have unique opinions on emotions, they are not good at expressing them. It is easy for them to become "three highs" (high income, high education and high age) when they step into society and encounter problems in marriage and love.

　　I’m afraid that my education is too high and nobody wants it.

　　Expert: Girls should put aside the educational gap.

　　"I’m graduating soon, and I want to take a doctor’s degree. But I’m worried that marriage will become a problem after reading a PhD. Should I marry myself before considering studying for a PhD? " At the meeting, a female graduate student raised her own confusion. She said that she and several friends are worried about this problem, fearing that the status of a female doctor will make men afraid, and that the difference in academic qualifications will become an obstacle to communication between the two sides.

　　"The female doctor is not an extinct teacher." Zhou Xiaoyan said that although modern women’s academic qualifications are getting higher and higher, they have not become old-fashioned. On the contrary, their connotations and life interests may be better than others. First of all, girls should put aside the educational background gap and look for the other half they really like in their hearts, while boys should remain confident and pursue bravely. "According to my analysis, it is enough for a man with a college degree to be a boss and a husband! Education is not a reason to hinder men’s Excellence. "

　　Can marriage be regarded as employment?

　　Expert: Marriage is not a good strategy for curve employment.

　　"Now many girls are snobbish and want to find rich husbands, and we poor students of the same age have no chance." At the scene, a boy said angrily. Several girls immediately stood up and responded: "Who doesn’t like a man with money and quality?"

　　"When you meet a rich and tasteful man, I support you and get married quickly!" Zhou Xiaoyan said. However, she went on to tell a case: a female graduate student couldn’t find a job when she graduated, and quickly married a rich man and lived in a mansion in Jiangbei. After marriage, her husband restricted her freedom, forbade her to contact with the opposite sex and forbade her to study and work. Two months later, she got a diploma and a divorce certificate. "Find a rich man, work is a pastime, no rich man, work is fundamental. In any case, women can’t lose the happiness brought by work. Marriage is not a good strategy for curve employment. "

　　For boys, Zhou Xiaoyan also has advice: "Life is not snobbish, but you should talk about strength." She said that boys love a person with strength to prove it. "Controlling talent with virtue is noble, wealth with virtue is noble, and love with virtue is advanced."

　　How do men and women get along?

　　Expert: Don’t be a "nanny" and "undercover"

　　Zhou Xiaoyan said that the psychological core of men is "achievement and ability", which needs to be appreciated, appreciated and affirmed. The core of female psychology is "emotion and relationship", which needs to be listened to, cared for and respected. Therefore, when men and women get along, they should be "painful" like their fathers and "good" like their sons; Women should "protect" men like mothers and "be charming" like daughters.

　　"I am meticulous to him. I have to leave the best for him when I eat. Why is there still a problem in my relationship?" A female graduate student asked. Zhou Xiaoyan said, don’t let love become a burden to men. "Motherhood flooding care too much, you become a nanny. How many men will fall in love with the nanny? "

　　Another girl said that after reading many stories about men’s affairs, she didn’t know how to control men in the future. "You are going to enjoy love and marriage, why do you go undercover?" Zhou Xiaoyan said, you should be independent in marriage and have your own wonderful life. Zhou Xiaoyan advised the students, "Don’t think about so many complicated problems. The most important thing now is to practice the basic skills of love, and life will be more exciting in the future."

　　Do you agree with the experts? What do you think of the problem of love among highly educated people? Please visit our website www.cqwb.com.cn or call our hotline 966988 to express your views.

　　Reporter Tan Lujie

　　Live tidbits "

　　There were only 16 boys at the scene.

　　It’s hard to say "I love you". It’s a failure to blow up a long-distance relationship.

　　Among the nearly 100 students, the majority are girls and only 16 are boys. During the lecture, Professor Zhou has to ask two questions from time to time. Some of them are sharp, others are interesting, and the girls are scrambling to answer them, but the boys seldom speak. When asked, "What gift will you give your girlfriend on Valentine’s Day? What stage are you in love now?", a boy who was drawn refused to answer, "This is a private question and it is inconvenient to answer."

　　Some girls want to ask: Are boys too reserved now? Or are you so skilled in love that you don’t have to learn to improve?

　　It’s hard to say "I love you"

　　When boys confess, they often say "I love you", and when girls respond, they always say "You are so stupid". Research shows that the tone of courtship is very important! At the scene, three pairs of boys and girls were drawn, and these two sentences were linked in six tones: surprise, shyness, ridicule, sadness, fanaticism and solemnity.

　　"I … I …" A boy in a striped shirt looked at his partner’s girl and couldn’t say it. Turn around and say to the reporter: "A classmate in the class, say it funny!"

　　Self-destructive long-distance love is a failure.

　　Some girls ask: Is long-distance love reliable? Some boys rushed to answer: I like long-distance relationships, which can keep my distance and keep love fresh. At this time, another boy suddenly stood up and retorted loudly: "You try a long-distance relationship! I have been in love for 4 years, I have seen 6 times and held hands twice. I am a living negative textbook! " There was a burst of laughter at the scene, and he added, "I haven’t been in love yet, and now I’m going to let myself fall in love."

Editor: wangxin

　　[car home Electric Vehicle Technology] Recently, engineers in Xpeng Motors released two videos of real vehicle road test of NGP(Navigation Guided Pilot) in P5 city, Tucki in their circle of friends. Tucki P5 is expected to be officially launched in September, and the NGP function of the city should not be pushed to the users’ cars that have purchased the optional package through OTA air upgrade until the first quarter of next year. Tucki has previously equipped its P7 with two high-level driving assistance functions, namely, high-speed NGP navigation assisted driving and VPA parking lot memory parking. The city NGP took the lead in carrying the Tucki P5 model, which greatly increased the application scope and competitiveness of the driver assistance system. Let’s take a closer look at the technical highlights of NGP, a city to be launched in Tucki.

● What model of Tucki P5 has the function of city NGP?

　　According to the configuration table of Tucki official website, only P550P and 600P models can be equipped with city NGP function. The lower-priced 550E model is not equipped with lidar hardware, so it cannot be equipped with the city NGP function. For detailed vehicle model parameter comparison, please refer to the following table:

● The key to realize urban NGP-lidar

　　The lidar on Tucki P5 comes from Livox Lanwo. Livox Lanwo Technology is an independent company established by DJI DJI Innovation. It is committed to providing high-performance and low-cost lidar sensors, which are used in many industries such as autonomous driving, smart cities and mobile robots.

　　The detection distance of the radar is about 150 meters, the field of view angle is 120 (horizontal) X 25° (vertical), the equivalent point cloud density is 144 lines, the angular resolution is 0.2 (horizontal) X 0.3° (vertical), the data volume is 400,000 points/second, and the equivalent frame rate is 20Hz.

　　Compared with millimeter-wave radar, HAP lidar is not inferior in detection distance, and at the same time, it describes the environment more delicately, and can better detect small target objects such as pedestrians, bicycles, ice cream buckets and so on. Compared with the camera, which has certain requirements for light, lidar can work well at night when the light is dim.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.
"『Livox Browsing HAP Lidar Target Recognition Display Video"

　　At the same time, Livox HAP lidar has the function of selecting ROI(Region Of Interest), which can select a specific area in the field of view in front of the lidar for high-precision scanning, and obtain higher-precision environmental information, which is conducive to improving the recognition accuracy of obstacles. The aforementioned 20Hz equivalent frame rate refers to the scanning frequency of ROI area. Specifically, when the lidar scans the entire field of view at 10Hz, the scanning frequency of the ROI area is 20Hz.

　　It is this non-repetitive scanning mode that enables HAP lidar to reach the point cloud density of 144-line traditional mechanical lidar at the scanning frequency of 10Hz (that is, the scanning period of 0.1s). This is the origin of the equivalent point cloud density of line 144.

　　This is similar to the fact that the human eye can see the object in the center of the field of vision more clearly (there is a place called fovea in the central area of human retina, where cone cells correspond to bipolar cells one by one, and the vision in this area is the most acute and accurate). So some people call this characteristic of biprism lidar "retina-like characteristic".

　　The advantage of using this laser is that the hardware manufacturing cost is low, but the laser penetration is weak, and it is relatively disturbed by sunlight. At the same time, due to the high laser energy of 905nm wavelength, it may harm human eyes, so more protective measures need to be applied to the laser radar. Although the laser radar with the wavelength of 1550nm is more powerful and the laser is safer, it is still too expensive at present. Therefore, for civil cars, the laser radar with 905nm wavelength is still the cost-effective choice at present.

　　Although Livox HAP lidar also has rotating parts inside, compared with traditional mechanical lidar (the transmitting module, receiving module and lens of traditional mechanical lidar are all rotating). The laser transmitting and receiving parts of Livox HAP lidar are fixed, only the prism is moving, and the non-repetitive scanning mode is adopted, so its reliability and stability are more guaranteed and calibration is simpler.

● How can lidar help NGP in P5 city of Tucki?

　　Tucki P5 has 2 lidar, 5 millimeter-wave radars, 12 ultrasonic radars, 4 panoramic cameras, 9 high-perception cameras and high-precision GPS. Compared with P7, P5 has one less high-sensitivity camera, but two more lidar. The newly added HAP lidar is the key to realize the application of urban NGP.

　　In the face of typical working conditions encountered by urban NGP (such as crossroads, right-turn lanes, U-turn lanes, etc.), HAP lidar has more advantages than millimeter-wave radar. Compared with the camera, lidar is much more accurate in identifying static obstacles and less affected by illumination, which is one of the important reasons why urban NGP must introduce lidar.

　　As the saying goes, the industry is specialized, and HAP lidar can’t effectively identify road signs, such as lane separation lines and various guiding arrows. It is also impossible to distinguish the speed limit sign from the traffic light status information. This happens to be the strength of the camera. Therefore, every environmental recognition sensor on Tucki P5 has its own significance. They play their own strengths and cooperate with each other to effectively improve the target detection ability and vehicle perception performance in low light conditions, and realize the optimization of NGP function user experience.

● Xavier domain controller in NVIDIA.

　　Xavier domain controller has been applied to mass production P7 vehicles, and the high-speed NGP and VPA parking memory function running on this "brain" have remarkable performance. P5 will continue to use Xavier domain controller as the computing core of city NGP, which shows that the computing power of this domain controller is recognized by Tucki. In the future, P7 with Xavier domain controller will have a great chance to increase the function of urban NGP by adding laser radar.

　　After all, these are all driver assistance systems, and drivers still need to monitor the environmental conditions when using them. The existence of human drivers actually shares a lot of computing power needs. Self-driving vehicles need to deal with all kinds of emergencies without being taken over, so they need a lot of computational redundancy. It’s like someone spending 10,000 yuan to buy a computer that can play 3A games. In fact, most of the time is just spent typing, surfing the Internet and watching videos.

　　Tucki has the full-stack self-research capability of intelligent driving system, and has researched the visual perception, sensor fusion, planning, positioning, decision-making, control and other aspects of the vehicle, and formed a full closed loop of data and algorithms.

　　The competition for hardware computing power will continue, and Tucki will not be left behind. On the track of software iteration, Tucki has accumulated obvious advantages in the industry by virtue of closed-loop data and algorithm and full-stack self-research ability. This is also the most important core competitiveness of Tucki’s future car products.

A dealer said that the cash clearance inventory, comprehensive discount between 50,000 yuan – 70,000 yuan (to the store can be discussed in detail), choose to buy cars in installments, the entry version of the naked car price has come to the 100,000.

The 2024 RAV4 Rongfang will be launched in August, with new car interior upgrades, configuration upgrades, and quiet upgrades. The most important thing is to increase the volume and reduce the price!

Model 2024

The 2024 RAV4 Rongfang Style Plus has a bright trim under the front bumper, and the front and rear eyebrows are treated with the same bright finish as the Rongfang plug-in top. Added 2 seats with rolled wire decoration, the center armrest and the head of the stopper are replaced by soft package material, and the remote start function and electric tailgate are added. Power continues to be equipped with a 2.0L naturally aspirated engine or a 2.5L hybrid system.

City Express News "There is only one truth (forever)!" Looks like a child, but his real identity is Conan of Kudou Shinichi, a high school detective, which can be said to be many childhood memories of the post-80s and 90s. I didn’t expect that after so many years, the post-80s generation will be 40+, but Detective Conan, which is based on Gôshô Aoyama’s cartoon of the same name, is still being updated!

With a pinch of fingers, the animated version of Detective Conan has been broadcast continuously for 28 years since it was launched on January 8, 1996! As of today, Youku platform shows that Detective Conan has been updated to 1177 episodes, but there is no sign of ending. At the same time, the movie version is almost a year out of the rhythm, out of the 27th!

As the 27th work of Detective Conan series, Detective Conan: A Million Dollar Five-pointed Star was released in Japan recently, which directly threw out a "heavy foreshadowing"!

According to netizens, in the new film,Kudou Shinichi and Kaito Kuroba are cousins!Moreover, Kudou Shinichi’s father Kudou Yū saku and the second generation Kaito Kuroba’s father Kuroba Touichi are twin brothers. They live apart because of their parents’ divorce. The father takes his brother away, while Kudou Yū saku follows his mother.

# Kudou Shinichi and Kaito Kuroba are cousins #, and this morning they directly rushed to the top of the hot search, # Kudou Shinichi couldn’t take the exam # and occupied the second place on the list by the way!

After receiving this news, some netizens suddenly realized that "the reason why Kudou Yū saku and Kudou Shinichi can only be detectives instead of policemen has been found, because they can’t take the exam", while others felt that it was bursting. "It feels really outrageous, obviously there are no intersections between the two worlds …"

In fact, since Kaito Kuroba appeared in Detective Conan, countless viewers have wondered what the relationship is between Kaito Kuroba and Kudou Shinichi. Some people even wondered if Kaito Kuroba was Kudou Shinichi.

Because according to the role setting, Kaito Kuroba, as an important supporting role, looks exactly like Kudou Shinichi, and often pretends to be in and out of Kudou Shinichi without being discovered. For example, in Sunflower, Kaito Kuroba once pretended to be Kudou Shinichi and successfully passed the security check. In Boxing, he even went to the hot spring with the heroine Xiaolan as Kudou Shinichi!

Therefore, many netizens immediately accepted it after being surprised: "When I was a child, I felt that I must be a relative" and "I finally set the previous plot on the circle".

As an audience, are you actually more curious? Why is Conan, who has been poisoned for so many years, still so small that he doesn’t seem to grow up at all? According to the author’s explanation, this is because the timeline in the animation is only half a year …

However, according to this timeline, Richard Moore was shot with more than 200 anesthesia needles by Conan at least in half a year, with an average of one to two needles every day. It is said that some netizens went to ask the anesthesiologist for this. What would happen if it happened in the real world? Will die.

Many spits still can’t resist Conan’s popularity. It is said that Qingshan’s plan at that time was to finish painting after 100 rounds. I didn’t know that Conan suddenly burst into flames, so he painted again.

But you don’t have to worry too much about the unfinished business. Gôshô Aoyama once revealed that when he was seriously ill, he finished the draft of the finale of Detective Conan early because he was afraid that he would suddenly be unable to finish his work one day. "I’m not sure which one will come first tomorrow or the accident, so make preparations first."

Have you seen Detective Conan?

　　At 22: 27 on January 17, 2024, the Long March 7 Yaoba carrier rocket carrying the Tianzhou 7 cargo spacecraft soared into space. After about three hours, it successfully rendezvous and docked with Tiangong, and the first launch mission of China manned space flight in 2024 was a complete success.

　　Tianzhou-7 cargo spacecraft successfully launched.

　　As the fourth launch mission after China’s manned spaceflight project entered the stage of space station application and development, Tianzhou-7 not only undertakes the heavy responsibility of transporting materials, but also undertakes the mission of technical optimization and improvement. What goods did Tianzhou-7 send to the space station in this launch, and how did it upgrade "express delivery" to "express delivery"?

　　PART.01Freight 5.6 tons Send new year’s goods to astronauts

　　Tianzhou-7 is an improved fully sealed cargo ship, which has the largest cargo transport capacity, the highest freight efficiency and the most comprehensive on-orbit support capacity in the world.The total weight of the materials delivered this time is about 5.6 tons, and the number of goods is more than 260 pieces., carrying the astronaut system, space station system, application task field, cargo spacecraft system and engineering general cargo,Mainly can be divided intoThree categories, respectivelyAstronauts’ living materialsConsumable materials such as water and gas.And scientific experimental materials.And so on, loaded with a wide variety of goods and large goods.

　　The package carried by Tianzhou No.7 cargo spacecraft

　　This time, the Tianzhou-7 cargo spacecraft transported 2.4 tons of living materials for astronauts in groups, with a weight exceeding 40% of the total cargo weight.canAt the same time, protect Shenzhou 17,On the 18th, two astronauts took a group.Edible demand. It includes the the Year of the Loong Spring Festival gift package for the Shenzhou 17 crew to create a peaceful and happy Spring Festival atmosphere for astronauts. In addition, about 90 kilograms of fresh fruit and vegetable spree also arrived at the space station with Tianzhou-7, and the ground personnel also optimized the packaging design, making the fruits and vegetables stored longer and fresher.

　　Fresh fruit carried by Tianzhou-7 cargo ship

　　PART.02Uplink space application system materials Support the space station to continuously roll and carry out space experiments.

　　The Tianzhou-7 cargo spacecraft provides experimental loads, experimental units and samples, experimental consumables, spare parts and other uplink materials for the on-orbit experiments of the space station, and supports continuous rolling space experiments.This mission goes up16 standard packages, 1 set of cell uplink life support device and 1 set of 4℃ uplink microfluidic chip, a total of 61 uplink products, with a total weight of about 473 kg.. Among them, large-scale goods such as test load customized packages, each weighing more than 100 kilograms, will be used in the on-orbit operation of space stations and scientific experiments in space.

　　Shenzhou 17 astronauts carry out on-orbit work in groups (data map)

　　The materials of the space application system in this mission will be transported to the experimental facilities of the space station to carry out a total of 33 scientific experiments, including space life science, space material science, microgravity fluid physics and combustion science. The research unit involves 10 research institutes and 8 universities, of which 2 cell biological experiments are installed in the launch site, and the others are loaded in the form of packages. These scientific loads are of great significance to the follow-up space exploration.

　　Shenzhou 17 astronauts organize all kinds of materials and packages in the space station in groups (data map)

　　PART.03The rendezvous and docking time has been greatly reduced. In the future, it will reduce the flight pressure of astronauts.

　　After the Tianzhou-7 cargo spacecraft was put into orbit,adopt3-hour rapid rendezvous and docking schemeDocked to the backward port of the core module of the space station to form an assembly.

　　Rendezvous and docking of Tianzhou-7 cargo spacecraft and space station assembly

　　Compared with the conventional 6.5-hour rapid rendezvous and docking, this 3-hour rapid delivery further reduces the docking time.Upgrade "Express Delivery" to "Express Delivery". Compared with the 2-hour express delivery of Tianzhou-5, the 3-hour express delivery has optimized the design, which is a brand-new docking method based on the relevant requirements of rocket system and space station system. It has higher flexibility and wider scope of application, further improving the autonomous rendezvous and docking capability of cargo spacecraft, enriching the rendezvous and docking mode and further promoting the development of space rendezvous and docking technology in China.

　　So compared with the 6.5-hour plan, how did the 3-hour plan reduce the time by more than half?

　　The combination of Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft and space station completed 6.5 hours of autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking.

　　Due to the gradual maturity of technology, technicians can complete the adjustment of the relative position of spacecraft and space station in a shorter time. Therefore,By adjusting the flight trajectory of the spacecraft, the long-distance guidance section between the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft and the space station was shortened by one lap, and the duration was correspondingly shortened by 1.5 hours.

　　In the close guidance sectionDue to the maturity of technology,Reduce or compress the short-range flight process.Stop-and-go is reduced, and it is shortened by about 2 hours. At the same time, it is precisely because of the adjustment of the spacecraft’s flight trajectory that the 3-hour plan has stronger ability to resist or overcome unfavorable conditions than the 2-hour plan.

　　The combination of Tianzhou-5 cargo spacecraft and space station completed two-hour autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking.

　　In addition,From the engineering practice.The 3-hour plan also has its special significance. Compared with 6.5 hours, the flight time of the 3-hour scheme is shorter.Can reduce the flight pressure of astronauts., reducing the need for battery fuel, etc., and improving the overall ability of the task to cope with failures. Compared with 2 hours, the flight time is slightly longer and the rhythm is slightly slower, which reduces the pressure on the flight control team.

　　Tianzhou No.7 is the second improved cargo ship of Tianzhou series. It successfully completed the three-hour rendezvous and docking on-orbit verification task, which embodies the strength of China’s wisdom in China and represents the high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. The Tianzhou-7 mission also kicked off a more challenging year-round mission in 2024. I hope that with the efforts of all astronauts, China Aerospace will make new achievements towards the goal of building a space power in the new year!

　　Chest tightness, cough and phlegm, Wang Xiu thought she had a cold.

　　After a period of time, the symptoms did not disappear. Wang Xiu still felt very uncomfortable, so she went to the hospital for examination. After seeing Wang Xiu’s lung CT, the doctor told her that her lung infection was very serious and she had to be hospitalized.

　　Wang Xiu was hospitalized on the same day, and the nurse sent three sputum boxes, which not only collected her sputum at that time, but also asked her to collect the sputum that got up at night and in the morning respectively. Two days later, the sputum test showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive, and the doctor diagnosed that Wang Xiu was infected with tuberculosis. Because the hospital at that time did not have the conditions to treat tuberculosis patients, Wang Xiu was transferred to a specialized hospital. Worried about the possibility of misdiagnosis, Wang Xiu did a series of related tests, including sputum examination, blood drawing and filming, and was finally diagnosed as secondary pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchial tuberculosis.

　　"I thought it was just a lung infection. I might stay in the hospital for a few days, get some anti-inflammatory needles and use some antibiotics. I never thought I would get tuberculosis." Wang Xiu didn’t know how she was infected. After the diagnosis, she immediately reported sick leave to the unit leader and started the road of tuberculosis treatment.

　　What do we need to know about tuberculosis?

　　Tuberculosis, also known as "white plague" and "consumption disease", is one of the oldest infectious diseases in the world. It was once widely spread all over the world and claimed hundreds of millions of lives. However, a long time has passed, but tuberculosis has not gone far, and human beings are still plagued by tuberculosis.

　　According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 released by the World Health Organization, it is estimated that 10.6 million people will suffer from tuberculosis in 2021, and a total of 1.6 million people will die of tuberculosis, which means that about three people will die of tuberculosis every minute.

　　China is one of the top ten countries with high burden of tuberculosis in the world, and the number of cases accounts for about 7.4% of the world. According to official statistics, from 2010 to 2021, there were about 10 million reported cases of tuberculosis in China, with about 30,000 deaths. In recent years, the number of reported cases and deaths of tuberculosis in China has shown an overall downward trend, but the scale of incidence is still large. The World Health Organization estimates that there will be about 780,000 cases in China in 2021.

　　Who are these patients? According to the analysis of the reported incidence of tuberculosis in China from 2015 to 2019, the majority of tuberculosis patients in China are men, and most of them are aged from 15 to mdash; Between the ages of 59, farmers are the group with the highest reported incidence of tuberculosis. The researchers pointed out that farmers have low awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control, poor economic conditions, and face many difficulties after being infected with tuberculosis.

　　"I have never known about this disease before, and I have never even heard of the name. At that time, I felt why I got this disease. I was scared and scared. " Before the diagnosis, Wang Xiu knew nothing about tuberculosis.

　　Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade many organs of human body, among which tuberculosis is the main one, accounting for more than 85% of all tuberculosis, and it is mainly transmitted by aerosol (droplets). The core information of tuberculosis prevention and control clearly points out that tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory infectious disease that seriously endangers people’s health. If cough or expectoration occurs, it will be ≥ 2 weeks, or with bloodshot sputum, you should suspect that you have tuberculosis. After you suspect it, you should go to the county (district) level tuberculosis prevention and treatment institution for examination and treatment. You can enjoy the national free policy for examination and treatment of tuberculosis in the county (district) level tuberculosis prevention and treatment institution, and as long as you insist on formal treatment, most tuberculosis patients can be cured.

　　Tuberculosis is very cunning. After entering the human body, tuberculosis does not attack immediately, but enters a latent state. Huan Shitong, a senior project officer of the Health Innovation and Cooperation Department of the Gates Foundation, once mentioned that TB will first test the immune resistance of the carrier. If you meet a person with strong immunity, then TB will enter a dormant state; However, once the host’s immunity is reduced, such as old age and illness, tuberculosis will immediately start "doing things" and reproduce and cause disease.

　　It is estimated that one out of every four people in the global population carries tuberculosis bacteria, of which 5%— 10% people may become tuberculosis patients in their lifetime. There are about 360 million people with latent tuberculosis infection in China, and one tenth of them may get sick. This figure is very alarming.

　　Risk factors leading to latent infection include immunocompromised patients (including HIV infection and iatrogenic immunosuppressant users), diabetics and the elderly. In 2015, the World Health Organization officially launched the guidelines for the management of latent infections, advocating the active detection and preventive treatment of latent infections in high-risk groups, and reducing the incidence rate through preventive medication. According to data estimation, preventive treatment of latent infection population can reach 60%— 90% protective effect, further reducing the incidence. Experts suggest that China’s tuberculosis prevention and control strategy has always focused on early diagnosis, early treatment and standardized treatment of patients, and has not yet formed a systematic intervention strategy for latent infected people. As a country with high burden of tuberculosis, it is worth discussing how to effectively carry out the intervention of latent infection to realize the rapid decline of tuberculosis incidence.

　　The treatment of tuberculosis is mainly drug treatment, which needs to follow the principles of early stage, combination, moderate amount, regularity and whole course. Drugs for tuberculosis can be divided into first-line drugs and second-line drugs, among which the first-line drugs have good curative effect and low toxicity, and can effectively treat most tuberculosis patients. Second-line drugs are either ineffective or toxic, and are used for patients who are resistant or intolerant to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. In China, ordinary tuberculosis patients can receive free drugs, including plate combination drugs and fixed-dose compound preparations. However, the current research and development of drugs for treating tuberculosis is extremely slow, and it was not until 2016 that the first approved new anti-tuberculosis drug appeared in more than 40 years.

　　What difficulties do tuberculosis patients face?

　　"The disease itself is not terrible, but the treatment time is too long, causing too much anxiety and psychological pressure." After the diagnosis, Wang Xiu faced both physical and psychological torture. Ordinary tuberculosis patients usually need at least six months of treatment to recover. During this period, Wang Xiu often feels loss of appetite, chest tightness, fatigue, dizziness and memory loss.

　　Despite these physical illnesses, Wang Xiu knows that tuberculosis can be cured, and more pressure comes from fear of discrimination. After the infection, Wang Xiu was afraid that her friends around her would panic, thus alienating her and staying away from her. But in fact, after the sputum test results of tuberculosis patients turn negative, they are not contagious and can contact others normally.

　　For drug-resistant tuberculosis patients, the situation is much more complicated. "I haven’t adapted to the side effects of these drugs yet." Ma Yi is a student suffering from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The disease brought him not only forced suspension of his studies, heavy family financial burden, but also serious drug side effects.

　　Ma Yi said that he didn’t know when he was infected with drug-resistant bacteria. Before that, he knew nothing about tuberculosis, let alone multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis means that patients have developed resistance to common anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin. If the treatment is improper, the treatment scheme is not suitable, the patient stops taking drugs or discontinues taking drugs during the treatment, some patients come into contact with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in the infectious period, and some patients have mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug resistance may occur.

　　After taking a second-line drug, in the fourth month, Ma Yi began to feel numbness and pain in his feet. Later, due to anemia, he stopped the drug at the doctor’s suggestion. "But the dilemma is that if you stop taking one medicine, you will lose one medicine, because there are only those second-line medicines to choose from."

　　Drug resistance has become a thorny issue in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Experts say that drug-resistant tuberculosis in China presents a situation of "one high and six low", that is, high incidence rate, low awareness rate, low discovery rate, low inclusion rate, low treatment success rate, low treatment management rate and low independent research and development ability.

　　In addition, the course of treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis is as long as 18 to 24 months, and some even reach 36 months. The long course of treatment and the use of second-line drugs, which are much more expensive than first-line drugs, greatly increase the economic burden of patients and reduce their compliance. Many patients stop taking drugs halfway, resulting in more serious consequences.

　　Where will TB control go?

　　As one of the countries with high burden of tuberculosis, China has always attached importance to the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. However, there is still a long way to go to stop TB. There are three magic weapons for the prevention and control of infectious diseases: controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission and protecting susceptible people. From the technical point of view of prevention and treatment, diagnosis is particularly critical. During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress this year, Dong Xiaoping, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chief virologist of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the termination of tuberculosis needs to rely on new diagnostic techniques. Zhang Wenhong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, director of the National Center for Infectious Diseases and director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Huashan Hospital, suggested that the cost of active screening, pathogen detection and drug resistance screening of tuberculosis patients should be increased in the existing public health projects for early detection, early identification and early intervention.

　　These coincide with Zhao Yanlin, director of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China, who put forward the "TB-free community creation action". He pointed out that the community is not only the basic unit of society, but also the main place for home treatment and management of tuberculosis patients, and it is the key link to gradually eliminate the harm of tuberculosis from point to point. At present, grass-roots community medical and health institutions have been included in the service system of tuberculosis prevention and treatment in China, and have been given tasks such as screening suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis, tracking and managing tuberculosis patients, publicizing knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment, and assisting in screening key populations. At present, China has done the pilot work of TB-free communities in 36 sites in 18 provinces, covering more than 1.8 million people.

　　How to create a TB-free community? Zhao Yanlin proposed that the main measures are "three screens, two tubes and one mobilization", "three screens" refers to actively finding tuberculosis patients, strengthening screening of drug-resistant tuberculosis and detecting tuberculosis infection in high-risk groups, "two tubes" refers to standardizing the treatment and management of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis and promoting preventive treatment management, and "one mobilization" refers to the mobilization of the whole society.

　　"By taking comprehensive measures, starting from the basic units of society, some communities will be TB-free, from point to line, from line to surface, from the establishment of TB-free communities to TB-free districts and counties, and then to TB-free cities, TB-free provinces and TB-free countries, moving towards the China path of ending TB epidemic goals." Zhao Yanlin said.

　　Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, carried out the "active screening, free treatment and hospitalization" tuberculosis prevention and control promotion action. Bin Chen, deputy director of the Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that in 2020, Quzhou launched a free tuberculosis screening project for rural elderly people over 65 years old, providing 55 yuan funds for each person, so as to actively find tuberculosis patients in the community. In the aspect of free treatment for common tuberculosis patients, three counties in six counties of Quzhou City have begun to implement the policy of zero burden of treatment for common tuberculosis patients. For patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, it is proposed that patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis should realize zero burden of treatment, and all expenses should be covered by finance. In terms of hospitalization supplement, Bin Chen pointed out that the standard of hospitalization days for general patients is 7-mdash; 10 days, while patients with bacterial positive pulmonary tuberculosis generally need to be hospitalized for isolation treatment for 14-mdash; In 28 days, the patient’s prolonged hospitalization will exceed the medical insurance payment, which leads to the patient’s discharge without turning negative. Therefore, Quzhou City provides special subsidies to designated hospitals. The subsidy standard is calculated according to the average increase of 7 days’ hospitalization time for each inpatient on the existing basis, and 600 yuan is subsidized every day, so that patients can be hospitalized in isolation until they turn negative, which reduces the risk of transmission.

　　Active screening has moved the gateway forward, changing the focus from "treatment" to "prevention". In the past three years, Quzhou City has screened about 600,000 people over 65 years old, and the number of tuberculosis patients screened basically accounts for 20% of the number of tuberculosis patients found in that year. The zero-burden treatment and hospitalization subsidy policy have eliminated the worries of patients and greatly improved the hospitalization rate of patients.

　　Active prevention, medical treatment and medical protection. In fact, at present, many areas in China are actively exploring the ways to ensure the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. For example, Xinjiang takes free hospitalization and isolation treatment measures for tuberculosis patients; Ningxia implements the way of medical insurance first, the government covering the bottom, and grading the burden of financing, so as to realize that the out-of-pocket (fee) ratio of the total medical expenses of ordinary pulmonary tuberculosis patients is less than 30%, and the out-of-pocket (fee) of patients with multidrug resistance and difficulties is less than 10%; Jiangsu province has comprehensively promoted the prevention and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, started the free molecular diagnosis test of GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and implemented the free supply of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for drug-resistant tuberculosis patients.

　　Ending tuberculosis has a long way to go, but it is imperative. (Both Wang Xiu and Ma Yi are pseudonyms. )

　　(Reporter/Intern reporter in Zhang Ke/Graphic Design in Meng-Di Zhang/Proofreading in Yan Ni/Yan Tiantian)

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Tianba, Guizhou "the Heart of Tea Sea in Western China"

Cctv news(Reporter Yu Xiaodan, Sai Xinyan): The 10,000-acre tea garden is undulating and fragrant, and from time to time, you can see men, women and children and tourists who are picking tea in the sun. This is the "Heart of Tea Sea" in Tianba, Guizhou, and the largest organic tea base in southwest China.

Before its fame, the organic tea here also experienced a difficult moment of "the fragrance of wine is also afraid of the depth of the alley". In this regard, Yang Xiugui, the first female tea maker in Tianba Village and the general manager of Fenggang Xiugu Tea Co., Ltd., has a deep understanding.

In order to expand sales, she once went to the maliandao market in Beijing to invite everyone to drink tea for free. There have also been several sudden drops of hail, which have shattered the lush tea garden.

"Agriculture depends on the weather to eat," Yang Xiugui said. However, this emaciated disabled woman of the Gelao nationality has an indomitable spirit. Taking advantage of the spring breeze of the local tea industry, she has made great strides all the way, from a working girl to a leader with a net worth of 22 million.

"National Star of Female Entrepreneurship" Yang Xiugui

In June 1971, Yang Xiugui was born in a farmhouse in Yuquan Village, Yong ‘an Town. When Yang Xiugui was three years old, an accident caused serious burns to her left leg and left hand. At that time, her family was poor, and there was really no more money for rehabilitation. Since then, Yang Xiugui’s left hand can’t flex freely, leaving a big scar on her body.

After graduating from junior high school, Yang Xiugui didn’t want to continue studying because of some inferiority complex, and chose to go home to farm. Since then, the land where she was born has become Yang Xiugui’s most secure and comfortable corner. Yang Xiugui is a companion of mountains and forests, a friend of the land, and returns from morning till evening, year after year. At the age of 20, Yang Xiugui married Zhang Chengyou, who was one year older than her, honest and kind, and suffered from mild mental retardation.

Yang Xiugui’s hometown Tianba Community, Yong ‘an Town, Fenggang County, is the producing area of high-quality tea. In the late 1960s, some educated youths went to Tianba to carry out activities of "going to the countryside" and planted some tea trees in Jiubao Thirteen Bay. After the educated youth left, these tea trees were handed over to the professional team of the people’s commune for management. By the beginning of 1990, there were 4040 mu of tea gardens in Tianba.

Yang Xiugui also wants to grow tea, but without money and technology, this idea has been put on hold. In 1997, Yang Xiugui entrusted a pair of children to her parents and took her husband to work in Zhejiang. There, I picked up garbage, worked as a nanny, and worked as a packaging factory worker … … Ten years have passed in a flash.

In 2006, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved the protection of geographical indication products for Fenggang zinc-rich and selenium-rich tea, so Fenggang County won the reputation of "the hometown of zinc-rich and selenium-rich organic tea in China". Seeing that more and more people in their hometown have planted "rich trees", Yang Xiugui finally couldn’t hold back his impulse. At the end of 2007, Yang Xiugui ended his working life and everything moved closer to starting a tea business.

In fact, Yang Xiugui was smart enough when she was at school. She decided that the first step was to learn tea-making skills by herself, without hiring a tea master. Fixing enzyme, rolling, setting, removing hair, and improving fragrance … … Every step, Yang Xiugui learned seriously and quickly. After a few months, he lost nearly 10 pounds. She mastered a variety of tea-making skills and became the first female tea maker in Tianba.

After returning from her studies, several tea factories offered her a job as a tea maker with a monthly salary of 3,500 yuan, but she refused because she wanted to set up a factory.

　I’ll try anyway. She used her savings for many years to build a small bungalow as a factory building, and borrowed tens of thousands of yuan from relatives and friends to buy several tea-making machines and set up a simple tea processing workshop. The processing factory initially cooperated with two tea enterprises with complete qualifications to do tea processing. She taught her son and husband by hand, so that the whole family mastered the skill of making tea.

"In 2010, I took my tea to maliandao to promote it. Tea merchants don’t buy it, they are interested in profits, and where the tea is profitable, they will purchase it. " Yang Xiugui said that the experience of this sales promotion told me that we must make tea into a brand and make a name.

Since then, Yang Xiugui has successfully declared the tea trademarks "Xiugu" and "Cuiyi Lonely". In 2011, Yang Xiugui earned the first bucket of gold in his life, processed more than 30,000 kilograms of dry tea, and earned more than 200,000 yuan, becoming the first micro-tea enterprise for the disabled in Fenggang County. In 2012, the state issued a series of policies to support micro-enterprises. Yang Xiugui seized the opportunity and founded Chengyou Tea Processing Factory in Fenggang County. In that year, more than 80,000 kilograms of dry tea were processed, and the products were quickly sold out. In order to broaden the marketing channels, she bought her own computer, taught herself computer programs and set up an online sales platform. In 2013, her processing plant realized an annual output value of nearly two million yuan.

Once, because she insisted on going out to work, Yang Xiugui was cried by her sister. Nowadays, the working girl has become a well-known rich leader in the local area.

In 2014, with the help of women’s federations at all levels in Guizhou, Yang Xiugui expanded the loan scale and changed Chengyou Tea Processing Factory in Fenggang County into Xiugu Tea Co., Ltd. in Fenggang County and became the general manager.

In 2015, Yang Xiugui was named the national star of female entrepreneurship. On the plane to Beijing, everyone around us was talking and laughing, but Yang Xiugui cried. Along the way, she overcame many difficulties and got a lot of care, and all the feelings came to her mind at this moment.

She is no longer the little girl who dropped out of school because of some inferiority complex. The disabled body did not stop Yang Xiugui, but made her understand the difficulties of people with disabilities. Although it is only a 20-minute drive from her family, Yang Xiugui only went back twice last year. "I often let my son buy something and send it there. The company can’t live without people, so many people have to eat and live. "

"Every time you reduce the use of a fully automatic packaging machine, you can increase the employment of five disabled people." "Stage — — It is the best welfare for friends with disabilities. " In Yang Xiugui’s love workshop, the slogan on the wall is particularly eye-catching.

Today, Yang Xiugui’s company has four standardized tea processing plants, and 18 of the 40 workers are disabled. The company has also set up a professional cooperative, adopting the model of "company+cooperative+farmer", developing more than 3,600 mu of ecological tea gardens, radiating and driving more than 1,200 tea farmers, and helping more than 100 poor households and more than 550 disabled families to increase their employment and income. Influenced by her, three farmers started to set up processing factories, which led to the employment of 28 disabled people in the surrounding areas. Yang Xiugui also won the honorary title of national advanced individual for helping the disabled.

In recent years, Yang Xiugui has also donated more than 20 disabled children, out-of-school children and widowed elderly people to Zunyi Taoxi Temple Welfare Institute and Yong ‘an Town Welfare Institute. With the support of local women’s federations, Yang Xiugui is also holding business skills training to promote local women’s entrepreneurship and employment.

　"Working for ten years and starting a business for ten years can be said to be miserable, experienced vicissitudes and particularly happy." Yang Xiugui told reporters that because the future is infinite.