Originally, it was just an ordinary criminal case, but when the police routinely tested DNA, it led to another child abduction case that had been covered up for 17 years. Recently, the People’s Court of Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province made a first-instance judgment on this child abduction case. The defendants Zhang, Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying constituted crime of trafficking in children and were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 2 years and 6 months to 5 years respectively.

　　At about 19: 00 on March 31st, 2001, Mr. and Mrs. Lin, who were doing small business in a market in Futian District, took their two daughters and their twin sons Xiao Da (a pseudonym) and Xiao Di (a pseudonym) to the supermarket. Soon after leaving home, everyone could not help laughing when they saw Xiao Da’s feet covered with her mother’s shoes. Because he was worried that he would not walk well, he asked Xiao Da to go home and find his grandmother to change shoes, so he didn’t have to follow him.

　　After that, Lin and others visited the supermarket for more than an hour. After returning home, they were told by their grandmother that Xiao Da went out to find them alone after changing his shoes, and has not returned yet. The distance from the supermarket to home is not far, but Lin launched relatives and friends to look back and forth several times, but did not find Xiao Da.

　　According to the security guard in the parking lot, he once saw a man in his 40 s holding Xiao Da, who was crying all the time. When the security guard saw it, he asked him. The man claimed that he and the child’s parents were fellow villagers, but he could also tell the situation of the child’s family, and the security guard did not stop him after listening.

　　Who is this man? Lin failed to check one by one from his acquaintances, thinking that Xiao Da must have been taken away by traffickers, so he quickly called the police and embarked on a long road of finding children.

　　In March 2018, in a detention center in a city in Guangdong Province, 22-year-old Jing Tsai (pseudonym) was detained according to law for theft. According to the results of police DNA test, Jingzai has no blood relationship with his parents registered in the household registration, but is in line with the blood sample of Lin and his wife, that is, Jingzai is Xiao Da, a lost child of Lin 17 years ago.

　　When Lin’s family cried with joy for this sudden good news, Shenzhen police quickly attacked and dug up clues from Jingzai’s adoptive parents. In September 2018, Zhang, his brother-in-law Zhong Moumou and his sister Zhang Mouying, who participated in the trafficking of Xiaoda, took the initiative to surrender to the public security organs.

　　According to Zhang’s confession, he lived near the crime scene that year. On the day of the crime, shortly after Xiao Da disappeared, a man named "A Jun" whom he knew brought him a little boy (Xiao Da), saying that he was an illegitimate child that others didn’t want, and gave it to Zhang Yangyang. Zhang did not ask again, and after accepting it, he was taken care of by his mother. More than 10 days later, because her mother was old and unwell, Zhang informed her brother-in-law, Zhong Moumou, to bring Xiao Da back to his hometown, a village in a town in Heyuan City.

　　After the child was brought back to the village, it quickly attracted the attention of other villagers, but Zhong Moumou and his wife claimed that the child was the illegitimate child of a friend from other places according to the reasons told by Zhang in advance. The child’s father died in a car accident, and the mother wants to remarry, so I want to entrust them to find a family to adopt.

　　After hearing the news, Zhu, who lives in the same village, quickly rushed to Zhong’s home. It turned out that just two years ago, Zhu’s 3-year-old grandson accidentally fell into the pond and drowned because of poor care by adults, and the whole family was heartbroken. Zhu and his wife, who have always felt guilty about their daughter, liked Xiao Da very much after seeing him healthy. After discussion, they decided to adopt Xiao Da on behalf of their daughter and son-in-law.

　　On April 29, 2001, the two sides signed a custody contract, stipulating that Zhong Moumou agreed to entrust the child to Zhu for custody, and Zhu paid Zhong Moumou 10,000 yuan as the original custody fee. The contract also stated that if there was abduction, Zhong Moumou would take full responsibility. After receiving the money, Zhong Moumou paid 3,000 yuan for milk powder according to Zhang’s request.

　　In this case, due to the long time interval between the incidents, coupled with the limited technical means of investigation in that year, and some important witnesses have died or left Shenzhen. Although the existing evidence can prove that the three defendants have committed the crime of abducting and selling children for profit, there are several chances hidden behind their "confession". In particular, Zhang’s confession either evaded the importance or said that he was too old to remember, resulting in some doubts about the details of the child’s transfer.

　　In order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of victims, crack down on crimes accurately and effectively, and ensure the quality of case handling, Futian District People’s Procuratorate undertook the careful deployment of prosecutors, took a multi-pronged approach, actively communicated with public security organs, coordinated and guided evidence collection, and helped victims to correctly defend their rights and get out of the shadows as soon as possible to return to normal life.

　　At the trial stage of the court, all three defendants argued that Xiao Da was left for his own adoption, and was later given to others because of real economic difficulties. There was no "selling for the purpose" of abducting children, and Zhang even put forward two new witnesses to prove it.

　　The prosecutor in charge made a strong complaint in court, which broke their luck psychology while popularizing the law: Zhang and Zhong each had four children and both had boys at the time of the crime. At that time, Zhang’s family income was about 1,500 yuan, and Zhong’s family income fluctuated between 500 and 1000 yuan, so they were hard-pressed when raising their own children. Therefore, it was not reasonable to adopt Xiao Da from the economic conditions or traditional ideas.

　　Xiao Da stayed in the two families for only about 29 days before and after, but Zhong Moumou and others charged Zhu an amount nearly 10 times more than his monthly income. As a nominal "original support", it is obviously unreasonable. According to article 17 of the opinions of the two high schools on punishing the abduction and trafficking of women and children according to law in March 2010, it should be recognized that Zhong Moumou and others have the subjective purpose of illegally profiting.

　　After the trial, the procuratorate and the public security organs started a new round of investigation and evidence collection on the new evidence presented in Zhang’s court. Investigators also went to Chongqing and found two witnesses in Zhang’s mouth. It was verified that they were not at the scene when the crime was committed, and the testimony they said was actually the situation that Zhang suddenly called a year ago. And this time is just after Xiao Da’s true identity is exposed. That is to say, the testimony was actually a confession after the event and did not have the real effect of on-site witness, so the court did not adopt it.

　　In the second trial, Zhang and his defenders did not put forward any new defense opinions in the face of this investigation result.

　　Finally, the court ruled that the defendants Zhang, Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying were convicted of crime of trafficking in children. At the same time, it was determined that Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying could truthfully confess the facts of the crime and had the plot of surrender. Finally, the defendant Zhang was sentenced to 5 years in prison and fined 10,000 yuan; The defendants Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying were each sentenced to 2 years and 6 months in prison and fined 10,000 yuan. (Reporter Tang Rong correspondent Wang Qian)

　　● The so-called duplicate checking of papers refers to inquiring about the repetition rate of papers, aiming at coping with academic misconduct and plagiarism of academic papers.

　　The "duplicate checking rate" of graduation thesis in some schools has been reduced from the original 30% to 20%, and even more strictly to below 8%. In addition, the school has added a retrial link, that is, the quality of the graduation thesis of the graduated students is tracked and monitored. Once it is found that it is higher than the duplicate checking rate, the degree certificate and graduation certificate will be cancelled directly.

　　At present, there is still a lack of infrastructure to curb academic corruption. We should constantly strengthen supervision and supervision, improve the academic evaluation system, and establish good academic norms.

　　Legal Daily reporter Zhao Li

　　The graduation season is coming, and the accompanying paper duplicate checking has also been put on the agenda.

　　However, this year’s strict paper duplicate checking rate has made many fresh graduates "shiver". According to the survey, the "duplicate checking rate" of graduation thesis in some schools has been reduced from 30% to 20%, and even more strictly to below 8%. In addition, some schools have added a retrial link, that is, the quality of graduation thesis of graduated students is tracked and monitored. Once it is found that it is higher than the duplicate checking rate, the degree certificate and graduation certificate will be cancelled directly.

　　On February 22 this year, the Ministry of Education announced the main points of work in 2019. In higher education, the Ministry of Education will strengthen the supervision and investigation of academic misconduct, and this year, it will carry out sampling inspection of master’s and doctoral dissertations.

　　On February 27th, the Ministry of Education issued a document to further standardize and strengthen the management of postgraduate examination enrollment and training, and to investigate the fraudulent behavior of dissertations immediately, investigate it to the end, investigate it with responsibility, and never tolerate it, so as to achieve "zero tolerance".

　　On April 2, the Ministry of Education announced the Ministry of Education’s Departmental Budget for 2019 in official website, saying that in 2019, the Ministry of Education plans to sample about 6,000 doctoral dissertations (excluding the military system), and the sampling ratio is about 10% of the number of doctoral degrees awarded in the last academic year. In 2019, the sampling budget for dissertations was 8 million yuan.

　　Some critics say that China’s colleges and universities are entering the "strict out" era, and those fresh graduates who can walk into the print shop are the "winners in life" this graduation season, because they have finally reached the final step of completing their graduation thesis.

　　Paper duplication checking is becoming more and more strict.

　　Water injection writing is a thing of the past.

　　After writing the first time, the instructor asked me to quote the literature of the last three years as much as possible. So, check it again on HowNet, and then modify it. The publication time of references is also very important. Finally, you should count the year and date of three years ago, for fear of miscalculation. Now, although the thesis is handed over to the instructor again, I always dream that something has gone wrong when I sleep at night.

　　Lin Hai, a senior graduate who has found a good job, is still very anxious, because the paper is duplicated.

　　Check the first draft once, check it blindly, check it on behalf of the school, and check it again for the defense. Nowadays, "a paper is checked four times" is passed down by some graduates.

　　At present, there are three authoritative papers testing institutions in China: Gocheck VIP, CNKI and Wanfang. Paper duplication checking, also known as paper detection, mainly refers to inquiring the repetition rate of paper content, aiming at coping with academic misconduct and plagiarism of academic papers. The duplicate checking rate of paper detection is the percentage of duplicate words in the total number of words.

　　There are also some people who have already graduated, because of the random inspection of their papers, and they have to check again.

　　Liu Shan (pseudonym), who has graduated with a master’s degree, was selected by the college because of the selective examination of his dissertation by the local education department. "I can only take time to fill out various forms and entrust my schoolmate to help me find a tutor to sign."

　　The sampling papers originated from two documents issued in 2014.

　　In 2014, the state issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Quality Assurance and Supervision System for Degree and Postgraduate Education, clearly proposing to carry out sampling inspection of doctoral and master’s dissertations. In the same year, the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and the Ministry of Education jointly issued the Sampling Measures for Doctoral and Master’s Dissertations (Degree [2014] No.5).

　　According to the relevant regulations, the author, tutor and graduate school will face corresponding punishment after sampling problems in doctoral thesis. The author of the thesis will be revoked his degree and the tutor will be stopped from enrolling students.

　　In September last year, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Paying Close Attention to the Implementation of the Spirit of the National Conference on Undergraduate Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era, emphasizing that colleges and universities should comprehensively sort out the teaching contents of various courses, eliminate "water courses", create "gold courses", strictly control the exit of graduation and resolutely cancel the "clear examination" system.

　　In October of the same year, the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of High-level Undergraduate Education and Improving the Ability of Cultivating Talents in an All-round Way", which clearly proposed to strengthen the whole process management of the topics, topics and defense of graduation design (thesis), strictly monitor the form, content and difficulty, and improve the quality of graduation design (thesis). Strengthening the management of undergraduate graduation project (thesis) is a measure to pay close attention to undergraduate education and teaching.

　　In this year’s graduation season, many colleges and universities have strengthened their management in "strict out".

　　In April, Tsinghua University published the latest revised Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Disciplinary Actions against Students in Tsinghua University, in which there was a significant change, that is, the punishment for academic misconduct was increased, and those who plagiarized dissertations could be expelled from school. The original punishment was to give "the above punishment".

　　On May 5th, the Undergraduate School of Central South University issued a relevant notice, which made it clear that students whose "copy ratio" was 70% or above in the second test were suspected of serious paper fraud. If the fraud (plagiarism) was confirmed to be true, the college would study and deal with the students and their instructors seriously according to the regulations.

　　On May 6th, the Academic Affairs Office of Emei Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Checking and Testing the Graduation Design (Thesis) of 2019, requiring that the checking and testing of this graduation design (thesis) should increase the comparison database of college students’ theses (including this one). If students from the same department and school are found to plagiarize from each other, the Academic Affairs Office will start the investigation procedure and deal with it strictly.

　　Paper testing promotes business.

　　There are hidden traps in price concessions.

　　In order to prevent the repetition rate of papers from being too high and unqualified, most students will check the duplicates themselves.

　　According to a survey conducted by the reporter of Legal Daily, it has become the choice of many graduates to check the duplicate in Taobao or use the duplicate checking software before the school organizes duplicate checking.

　　However, the school does not allow graduates to check the papers privately. Those students who can’t guarantee that they can meet the requirements twice or the school doesn’t provide duplicate checking accounts often choose to go to the e-commerce platform to buy duplicate checking accounts for papers.

　　When the reporter searched for "paper duplicate checking" on the Internet, he saw various brands of duplicate checking products, with prices ranging from tens of yuan to hundreds of yuan, and the scope of duplicate checking covered from undergraduate graduation thesis to doctoral thesis. Some businesses can sell tens of thousands of times a month.

　　According to the reporter’s observation, the introduction information of the merchants is almost the same: the duplicate checking of this master’s thesis, the VIP5.2 system, the test results are consistent with those of colleges and universities, and the verification of authenticity is supported.

　　After communicating with the merchants, the reporter learned that generally, as long as the payment is based on the number of words in the paper, the corresponding order will be generated, and you can enter the self-service entrance of HowNet to check the duplicate. After completing the corresponding steps, you will get the duplicate check result in an hour.

　　Price concessions are one of the main reasons for the popularity of online duplicate checking service at present.

　　Take the Webmaster VIP5.1/TMLC2 system as an example, the lowest price for a duplicate check is around 280 yuan, and the highest price in the peak season is around 350 yuan. For the undergraduate PMLC system of HowNet, the lowest price for a duplicate check is around 130 yuan, and the highest price is around 180 yuan.

　　However, the Academic Misconduct Network once said in "Beware of the Low Price Trap in Taobao HowNet Paper Detection" that some ordinary versions of HowNet detection in 5 yuan and 1 yuan on Taobao are mostly "selling dog meat by hanging sheep’s head". Although a few low-cost tests can support the verification of the authenticity of HowNet, the verification time is very old, that is, the old report verification code is inserted into the ordinary version of the test.

　　However, some students who use other duplicate checking software are easily caught in a dilemma.

　　"Last year, I used two softwares to check the duplicate for insurance, but I got very different results, one was 29%, and the other was only 12%." Zhang Yan, a Beijing resident who has been working now, recalled that in order to be "more stable", she could only compare the two reports word for word and make changes to the overlapping parts.

　　To Zhang Yan’s chagrin, in the final report given by the college, the repetition rate of his papers was less than 10%. "This shows that the previous two duplicate checks are inaccurate, and the software duplicate checking technology is really flattering.".

　　There are not a few people who have had the same experience as Zhang Yan.

　　Some interviewees recalled that they used three different duplicate checking softwares, which were modified every time they checked, but the repetition rate of the last check actually increased instead of decreasing.

　　With the cake of paper duplicate checking getting bigger and bigger, an industrial chain with dense culverts is emerging, which makes the simple duplicate checking service move towards "weight reduction", "ghostwriting" and "piracy".

　　On an e-commerce platform, the reporter noticed that a professional and streamlined production line that circumvented the duplicate checking software was formed. A paper with a total length of more than 10,000 words, which requires that the duplicate checking rate be reduced from 22% to 5%, is quoted at a store in 850 yuan.

　　In addition, there are still many students who spit out the current check-up standard.

　　Lin Hai believes that it is still unfair to avoid duplication of academic misconduct to some extent. He told reporters that taking the study of ancient documents involved in his thesis as an example, this kind of humanities papers quoted more original words from other works, which invisibly led to a high duplicate checking rate. "Duplicate checking rate should not be a prerequisite for determining the quality of papers and whether students participate in defense."

　　The foundation of national rejuvenation lies in education, while the whole education lies in primary and secondary schools.

　　A 70-year history of basic education in China is also a true portrayal of new China’s development from backwardness to revitalization. At the beginning of the founding of New China, China’s per capita education was only 1.6 years. In 2018, this figure has risen to 10.6 years, and China’s education has made remarkable achievements.

　　Since the founding of New China, China’s basic education has achieved great-leap-forward development. From 1949 to 2018, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China increased from 0.4% (in 1950) to 81.7%, the net enrollment rate of primary school increased from 20% to 99.95%, the gross enrollment rate of junior high school increased from 3.1% to 100.9%, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high school increased from 1.1% to 88.8%, which left a great legacy in the history of human education.

　　70 years of hard work, 70 years of spring and autumn.

　　In the past 70 years, the face of China’s weak education foundation has been completely changed, among which basic education has played an important role. Over the past 70 years, China’s basic education has always walked with the tide of the times, condensed China’s experience for human education, issued China’s voice and contributed China’s wisdom.

　　Re-establish order and get on the right track

　　To rebuild order and stabilize the situation, at the beginning of the founding of New China, China’s basic education was gradually standardized in the process of exploration.

　　In December 1949, the first national conference on education was held after the founding of New China, which defined the general policy of national education and marked the transformation of China from semi-colonial and semi-feudal education to new-democratic education.

　　According to the general policy of education, the decision on the reform of the educational system, the first educational system document in New China, was promulgated in 1951, which made new provisions on the status, years and mutual connection of schools at all levels, and a team of professional teachers was initially formed. In 1952, the Provisional Regulations for Primary Schools (Draft) and the Provisional Regulations for Middle Schools (Draft) were officially promulgated, which comprehensively standardized the education and teaching of primary and secondary schools in China and formed the basic framework of the curriculum of primary and secondary schools in China. According to these two documents, the Ministry of Education has formulated a new syllabus for primary and secondary schools, and a new basic education curriculum system has been initially established in New China.

　　However, the old society left a mess for the education in new China, with illiteracy and semi-illiteracy accounting for more than 80% of the total population, and the enrollment rate of school-age children is only about 20%. Universal education, especially universal primary education, has become the top priority of education in new China.

　　By the end of 1965, China’s basic education had been fully restored, with 14.32 million students in secondary schools and 116.269 million students in primary schools, which were 6.9 times and 3.9 times higher than the highest in 1946 before the founding of New China, respectively, and the enrollment rate of school-age children reached 85%. General secondary education has trained more than 20 million graduates and a large number of labor reserve forces for the country, laying the foundation for the training of senior professionals. From 1949 to 1965, 102.723 million people were illiterate in China, with an average annual literacy rate of 6.043 million.

　　In 1977, education in China ushered in the long-awaited spring. At the beginning of his comeback, Deng Xiaoping volunteered to be in charge of education and science and technology. School education is out of chaos and back on track.

　　China entered the new period of reform and opening up with a heavy historical burden. Although many large-scale literacy campaigns have been carried out throughout the country before, and many times it has been proposed to popularize primary education within a time limit, in the early 1980s, primary education in China was still not universal.

　　The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) promulgated in 1982 put forward "universal primary compulsory education", which was the first time since the founding of New China that it was determined in the form of a constitution to popularize primary compulsory education in China, and became the fundamental follow-up for popularizing primary compulsory education everywhere.

　　After the reform and opening-up, China has entered a new situation of all-round socialist modernization. Where should the reform of primary and secondary education go? In 1983, the teaching reform experiment of Jingshan School in Beijing has gradually entered a new stage of comprehensive reform of primary and secondary education from a single experiment. With such questions, the teachers and students of this school put questions to Deng Xiaoping in a letter of more than 500 words. A few days later, Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Beijing Jingshan School: "Education should face modernization, the world and the future." These "three aspects" set the beacon of modern education in China and became the general policy of education reform in China.

　　In 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Education System Reform (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) was promulgated. The "Decision" proposed for the first time that "nine-year compulsory education should be implemented step by step". In order to achieve the grand goal of popularizing nine-year compulsory education, according to the national conditions at that time, the responsibility for developing basic education was handed over to local governments, and the state mobilized the enthusiasm of local governments for developing basic education, while local governments also relied on the people to run education. This system reform has promoted the rapid popularization of compulsory education in China.

　　In order to ensure the smooth implementation of compulsory education, in 1986, the nine-year compulsory education was written into the newly promulgated Compulsory Education Law, which provided special legal guarantee for the popularization of compulsory education, and China’s basic education embarked on the track of legalization.

　　A leap towards a big country in human resources

　　An educational history is a historical portrayal of a country’s revitalization and development.

　　From the establishment of universal compulsory education system in the form of national legislation in 1986, education equity rose to the will of the state for the first time, and the goal of "two basics" was fully realized in 2011. In these 25 years, China’s basic education opened a road of "quantity compensation" and "scale expansion".

　　This is a shining link in the history of China: on the one hand, it is connected with China’s century-old dream of popularizing compulsory education, and on the other hand, it is connected with China’s bright future of building a powerful country with human resources.

　　Achieving nine-year compulsory education in an all-round way and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people is a brilliant milestone in the history of education in China and the most ambitious foundation stone project for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　In the mid-1980s, the Republic faced the reality that knowledge regained respect, education order was restored soon, primary education was just popularized, and more than 200 million people were still illiterate and semi-illiterate.

　　In 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "by the end of this century, nine-year compulsory education will be basically popularized and illiteracy among young people will be basically eliminated" as an important goal for the development of China’s education in the 1990s.

　　Throughout the 1990s, education in China has been asking: When will nine-year compulsory education be popularized so that all school-age children can enter schools?

　　In 1993, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China, which opened a new era of education reform and development in China, and formally took "two basics" as a new goal.

　　At the national conference on education held in 1994, the "two basics" really changed from a goal to a national action, which became the top priority of China’s education work, and a military order was issued in 1996, 1998 and 2000.

　　Dezhou, located in the northwest of Shandong Province, had a local fiscal revenue of only 740 million yuan in 1996. In the three years since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, a total of 860 million yuan was allocated for education. On December 25, 1997, with the last county in Texas passing the acceptance of "Pujiu", this "Pujiu" attack, which lasted for three years and went up and down to Qi Xin, was fully completed.

　　Like Texas, in the 1990s, "Nine-Year Compulsory Education" was launched vigorously throughout the country. At that time, the national construction was still in its infancy, and under the condition of very tight financial resources, the multi-channel school-running strategy was adopted to widely mobilize local governments and the people to hold compulsory education. This has made a great historical contribution to basically achieving the goal of "two basics".

　　On January 1st, 2001, the government of China solemnly announced to the world that China had achieved the strategic goal of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young people as scheduled. By the end of 2000, the population coverage rate in the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" area reached 85%, and the illiteracy rate among young and middle-aged people dropped below 5%.

　　As a result, the Republic has turned from "basic realization ‘ Two basics ’ " To "fully realize ‘ Two basics ’ " Another chapter in. In 2003, the State Council held the first national conference on rural education since the founding of New China, and put forward the requirements for tackling the "two basics" in the western region: realizing the "two basics" goal in the western region in 2007.

　　Achieving this goal faces extremely difficult conditions and special difficulties. Among the 410 counties that have not achieved the "two basics", there are 215 poverty-stricken counties, 309 minority counties and 51 border counties, and the level of compulsory education lags far behind the national average.

　　The biggest denominator of education in China is in rural areas, and the weakest link is also in rural areas. The compulsory education in rural areas, especially in western rural areas, covers a wide range, involving almost all the difficulties of educational equity.

　　In order to solve the funding gap of rural compulsory education, in 2001, the State Council’s Decision on the Reform and Development of Basic Education made a major reform on the management system of rural basic education, which clearly stated that the management of rural compulsory education was "county-oriented" and "people’s education is run by the people" began to shift to the track of "people’s education is run by the government".

　　However, in the central and western regions of China, the county-level finance with weak financial resources is unable to support the funding of rural compulsory education, and there is a general dilemma of "small horse-drawn carts". In 2005, the State Council’s Notice on Deepening the Reform of Rural Compulsory Education Funding Guarantee Mechanism proposed to establish a rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism that is divided into projects and shared by the central and local governments in proportion. Rural compulsory education is fully included in the scope of public financial security.

　　In 2006, the newly revised Compulsory Education Law clarified the principle of free compulsory education in legal form, and established the main contents of the reform of compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism. Under the background of abolishing agricultural tax, from the spring semester of 2006, students in rural compulsory education in the western region were exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees, which were extended to rural areas throughout the country in spring of 2007 and nationwide in autumn of 2008. At this point, compulsory education is "completely free", and the dream of several generations of Chinese has finally come true.

　　Policies such as rural boarding school construction project, "two exemptions and one subsidy" project, modern distance education project in rural primary and secondary schools, and "special post plan" for rural teachers are closely linked and promoted as a whole. In this context, in 2007, the "two basics" attack in the western region was completed as scheduled, and the education in the western region achieved historic changes. In 2011, China achieved universal nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminated illiteracy among young people.

　　This is an honor worthy of being remembered in the annals of history: it took China 25 years to complete the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" task that took the United States 100 years to complete, and completed the perfect turn from a populous country to a big country in human resources.

　　We have fully realized the "two basics" in a country that accounts for one-fifth of the world’s population and made great contributions to the civilization and progress of all mankind. According to UNESCO statistics, the enrollment rate of children in the world has increased from 80% to 84%, and China has contributed; From 1990 to 2005, there were 100 million illiterates in the world, including 90 million in China. Among the nine populous developing countries, China is the only country that has fully realized nine-year compulsory education, and has become an important force to promote the development of education for all in the world.

　　In this great journey towards equality of educational opportunities, the "two basics", like a spark, have played an important turning point in basic education in series. Educational supervision system originated from "two basics", free compulsory education was realized in "two basics", balanced development started in "two basics", and the concept of quality education was born out of "two basics" … …

　　When quantity is no longer the biggest problem faced by basic education, the voice of quality improvement is getting higher and higher. People are more and more aware of the disadvantages of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, and begin to pay attention to people’s all-round development and understand the law of education better.

　　In this context, in 1999, the third national conference on education since the reform and opening up was held in Beijing, with the theme of "deepening education reform and comprehensively promoting quality education". In the same year, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way was promulgated, which clarified the objectives, contents and safeguard measures of quality education.

　　Make a final decision Taking this as a symbol and paying attention to connotation development has become an important melody of basic education in China since the new century, bringing a new atmosphere to education in China.

　　The wind rises and sails again, and the development of basic education opens a new voyage.

　　Pursue fair and quality education

　　Seeking happiness for the people is the initial intention of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that people’s yearning for a better life is our goal.

　　When the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward the ruling idea of "people-centered", people found that this idea was also implemented in the educational action in China.

　　The basic education that has entered the new era has changed from "learning" to "learning", which reflects the people’s yearning for a better life and their expectation for the future. People’s sense of gain has become an important value orientation of basic education, and balanced development and quality improvement have become the new coordinates of the development of basic education in China.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "every child should strive to enjoy a fair and quality education". From basic balance to high-quality balance, from fair educational opportunity to pursuing high-quality educational fairness, it constitutes the main theme of basic education in China in the new period. They all point to the proper meaning of education: paying attention to the all-round development of people and giving every child a chance to shine in life.

　　From basic balance to high-quality balance, a series of measures have landed:

　　In 2002, the "Notice of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening the Management of Basic Education" formally put forward the goal of "actively promoting the balanced development of schools in the compulsory education stage". Since then, "key schools and key classes" have been gradually cancelled.

　　According to the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010— In 2020), a series of major basic education projects, such as the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students and "all-round thinning", have been implemented one after another. These projects are beneficial to the present and the future, and the bottom of basic education can’t be reached. Balanced development is empty talk.

　　In order to speed up the overall allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas, in 2016, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Reform and Development of Compulsory Education in Urban and Rural Areas in Counties", and ten measures such as eliminating large classes were subsequently introduced.

　　With the promulgation of "Measures for Supervision and Evaluation of High-quality and Balanced Development of County Compulsory Education" in 2017, China’s compulsory education has entered the stage of "high-quality and balanced" from "basic balance". By the end of 2018, 92.8% of counties (cities, districts) in China had passed the supervision and evaluation of the balanced development of compulsory education.

　　On the premise of paying attention to the degree of fair access to educational opportunities, basic education is focusing on the quality of the people’s acquisition process and the satisfaction of the results, comprehensively and systematically improving the quality, promoting the comprehensive reform of basic education, and constantly approaching the goal of quality education equity.

　　Who to train is the primary problem of education. In 2014, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Peking University, he pointed out that "the buttons of life should be buckled from the beginning"; During the investigation in Haidian District Ethnic Primary School in Beijing, it was pointed out that children should "remember the requirements, set an example, start from an early age and accept help" when cultivating and practicing socialist core values. On September 10, 2018, at the National Education Conference, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech, pointing out that "efforts should be made to strengthen moral cultivation, educate and guide students to cultivate and practice socialist core values, improve their moral character in a down-to-earth manner, and become a person with great love, virtue and great feelings."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has issued the Guide to Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools and compiled the Implementation Manual of the Guide to Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools, and made great efforts to build a moral education system with correct direction, perfect content, cohesive learning segments, rich carriers and normal development.

　　Classroom is the most critical link of quality. Since the launch of the eighth curriculum reform, the classroom has changed from imparting knowledge to students’ active learning, and "teaching and learning" has undergone profound changes, strengthening the role of the classroom as the main position; In the autumn of 2017, the textbooks of ethics and rule of law, Chinese and history of compulsory education were put into use in the initial grade of compulsory education, which marked that the textbooks of the three subjects had changed from "one syllabus and many books" to unified compilation, examination and use. This was a major deployment to run compulsory education with China characteristics and safeguard the long-term stability of the country with an eye to the requirements of the times.

　　Basic education is the foundation of education, and teachers are the foundation of foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is very concerned about the construction of the teaching staff, and calls on teachers to be "four haves" and "four guides" for students.

　　In order to make up for the shortcomings of rural teachers, since 2012, the "National Training Program" has trained more than 14 million teachers. The central and western provinces recruited 510,000 special post teachers, optimizing the structure of rural teachers. In addition, the establishment and improvement of the salary guarantee system and the evaluation and employment system of teachers’ professional titles have enhanced the professional attraction of grassroots teachers. In January 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers’ Team Construction in the New Era, which described the grand blueprint for teachers’ team construction in the new era.

　　At the same time, the "baton" of evaluation is also turning. In 2014, the "Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Examination Enrollment System" was promulgated, which established the examination enrollment model of classified examination, comprehensive evaluation and multiple admission. In the same year, the new college entrance examination was first implemented in Shanghai and Zhejiang. At the same time, since the Ministry of Education issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of Entrance Examination System in Senior High Schools" in 2016, most provinces and cities have successively announced the implementation plan for the reform of the senior high school entrance examination suitable for the region. The gradual establishment of a scientific evaluation system oriented to the development of quality education has forced the front line of basic education to accelerate the pace of reform.

　　Basic education concerns everyone and is a basic project to improve the quality of the people and realize the prosperity of the country. Implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, making efforts to improve quality and promote fairness, and striving to run a basic education that the people are satisfied with will become the strongest note for the future development of basic education.

　　After the National Education Conference, the central government successively issued three documents on the reform and development of preschool education, compulsory education and ordinary senior high schools: Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Normalization of Preschool Education, Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Educational Methods in Ordinary Senior High Schools in the New Era, and Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Education and Teaching and Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education in an All-round Way, which made a systematic design for the reform of basic education in the new era, marking that China’s basic education has entered a new stage of comprehensively improving the quality of educating people. The publication of China Education Modernization 2035 has become a programmatic document to accelerate the modernization of basic education in the new era.

　　From 1.6 years of education per capita to 10.6 years in 2018, from a big illiterate country to the full realization of nine-year compulsory education, from "not going to school" to "going to school" to "going to school" … … Looking back on the 70-year history, basic education has laid the foundation of national education in China, achieved great changes from scale expansion to connotation construction, and embarked on a road of basic education with China characteristics.

　　Today, China has more than 500,000 schools with nearly 240 million students in the basic education stage, which has provided strong intellectual support and talent reserve for the vigorous development of education at all levels and for China’s economic and social development and the improvement of comprehensive national strength.

　　Learning to teach determines the future of each child, affects the joys and sorrows of countless families and concerns the hope of a nation. Stepping into a new era, from a big education country to a strong education country, basic education will continue to write a new chapter for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. (Reporter Wang Jiayuan)

Summary of Guangzhou’s economic development in 2007 In 2007, our city thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 17th National Congress, consciously practiced Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implemented the central macro-control policies, constantly accelerated the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of development mode, and made great efforts to deepen reform and open wider to the outside world. The economic operation showed four main characteristics: rapid economic growth, remarkable improvement of benefits, continuous adjustment of structure and gradual improvement of people’s livelihood. However, in the economic operation of our city, there are still some problems that need attention, such as structural contradictions are still outstanding, the ability of independent innovation needs to be strengthened, and it is more difficult to save energy, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. First, the basic judgment is good and fast. According to preliminary accounting, Guangzhou’s GDP in 2007 was 705.078 billion yuan, up by 14.5%, 3.1 percentage points faster than that of the whole country and the same as that of the whole province. Among them, the added value of the first, second and third industries was 16.109 billion yuan, 281.689 billion yuan and 407.280 billion yuan, up by 5.0%, 15.6% and 14.1% respectively. At the same time, the growth rate of local general budget revenue in the city was 7.6 percentage points higher than that of the previous year; The comprehensive index of economic benefits of industrial enterprises above designated size was 225.96, an increase of 24 points over the previous year. It is estimated that the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP in Guangzhou will decrease by 4% year-on-year, and the emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand will decrease by 8.8% and 2.2% respectively. Supply and demand are booming. From the perspective of production and supply, agricultural production has grown steadily, industrial production has grown rapidly, and the tertiary industry has developed rapidly. From that perspective of demand pull,The consumer market continued to flourish, investment in fixed assets grew steadily, and foreign trade slowed down steadily. Although the growth rate of foreign trade exports has slowed down, the pulling effect of export demand is still obvious. Highly prosperous. In the first quarter to the fourth quarter, the city’s business prosperity index was 145.7, 149.6, 150.9 and 149.1, respectively, and the entrepreneur confidence index was 149.9, 145.0, 152.3 and 148.5, respectively, and the economy continued to operate in a high prosperity zone. Ii. main features (1) rapid economic growth and steady growth of agricultural production. In 2007, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery reached 28.540 billion yuan, up 5.6% over the previous year, of which the output value of agriculture (planting) was 13.637 billion yuan, the output value of forestry was 420 million yuan, the output value of animal husbandry was 7.022 billion yuan, the output value of fishery was 4.873 billion yuan, and the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services was 2.588 billion yuan, up 3.4% respectively. Industrial production has grown rapidly. First, the total growth rate is fast. In 2007, the city’s industrial enterprises achieved a total industrial output value of 987.057 billion yuan, an increase of 20.0% over the previous year, and the growth rate accelerated by 3.1 percentage points. Second, heavy industry has developed rapidly. The total output value of light and heavy industries was 372.383 billion yuan and 614.674 billion yuan respectively, up by 15.2% and 23.1% respectively, and the growth rate of heavy industry was 7.9 percentage points faster than that of light industry.Third, high-tech industries have developed rapidly. The city’s industrial enterprises realized the output value of high-tech products of 296.309 billion yuan, an increase of 28.7%, 8.7 percentage points faster than the city’s industrial development level. Fourth, the driving effect of automobile manufacturing industry is remarkable. The total industrial output value of the three pillar industries was 386.756 billion yuan, an increase of 24.1%. The output values of automobile, electronics and petrochemical manufacturing industries were 162.226 billion yuan, 83.723 billion yuan and 140.807 billion yuan respectively, up by 37.4%, 1.7% and 26.7% respectively, and their contribution rates to the industrial growth above designated size were 27.20%, 1.73% and 18.81% respectively. At the same time, the auto parts manufacturing industry grew strongly, with an annual output value of 30.915 billion yuan, an increase of 74.4%, which was 54.1 percentage points higher than that of industries above designated size in the city. The tertiary industry developed rapidly. First, the transportation, post and telecommunications industries grew rapidly. In 2007, the city’s freight volume was 456.6403 million tons, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year; Passenger traffic was 511,572,700, an increase of 16.9%; Passenger turnover was 128.924 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 18.1%. The passenger throughput of Baiyun Airport was 30,955,100 passengers, an increase of 18.1%; The airport cargo and mail throughput is 894,900 tons. The annual port cargo throughput was 368,644,100 tons, up by 12.3%, of which Guangzhou Port cargo throughput was 341,362,800 tons. Port container throughput is 9,932,900 TEUs,An increase of 36.9%. In 2001, the revenue from post and telecommunications business reached 25.126 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. The second is the rapid growth of tourism. The city’s tourism industry achieved a total revenue of 79.815 billion yuan, an increase of 13.9%. The city received a total of 33.3873 million overnight tourists, an increase of 12.8%; Among them, there were 6,113,300 overseas tourists, an increase of 8.3%. Third, the real estate market is active. The city’s investment in real estate development increased by 26.4%, an increase of 16.8 percentage points year-on-year. The contract value of commercial housing sales in the city was 121.82 billion yuan, an increase of 41.3%. The consumer market continues to flourish. In 2007, the city’s total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 259.500 billion yuan, an increase of 18.9% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 3.9 percentage points higher than that of the previous year, the highest increase since 1996. Among them, the wholesale and retail sales reached 217.865 billion yuan, an increase of 18.8%; The retail sales of accommodation and catering industry reached 41.635 billion yuan, an increase of 19.2%. The city’s wholesale and retail sales totaled 1,099.658 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30.3%. Among the wholesale and retail businesses above designated size in the city, the retail sales of automobiles reached 27.518 billion yuan, up by 25.0%, accounting for 28.6% of the retail sales of wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size in the city, ranking first among all kinds of commodities. The retail sales of gold, silver and jewelry increased by 32.9%, and the retail sales of cultural office supplies increased by 31.1%.The retail sales of sports and entertainment goods increased by 30.8%. Investment in fixed assets grew steadily. In 2007, the investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 186.334 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 1.9 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the investment in capital construction was 80.064 billion yuan, down by 3.7%; The investment in renovation was 34.714 billion yuan, an increase of 15.3%; The investment in real estate development was 70.38 billion yuan, an increase of 26.4%. The proportion of capital construction, renovation and real estate development investment in the fixed assets investment of the whole society was adjusted from 48.99%, 17.74% and 32.82% in the previous year to 42.97%, 18.63% and 37.77% respectively, and the capital construction investment decreased by 6.02 percentage points compared with the previous year. The construction of key projects progressed smoothly. In the whole year, the investment in key projects in our city was 44.992 billion yuan, with an investment completion rate of 118%. Foreign trade has slowed down steadily. In 2007, the total import and export volume of commodities in the city was 73.494 billion US dollars, up by 15.2% over the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 4.0 percentage points. Among them, imports were 35.592 billion US dollars, up by 13.4%, and the growth rate dropped by 3.7 percentage points year-on-year; Exports reached US$ 37.902 billion, up by 17.0%, and the growth rate dropped by 4.4 percentage points year-on-year. The trade surplus was $2.31 billion, accounting for 3.14% of the city’s total merchandise import and export. From the perspective of economic types, the export of foreign-funded enterprises is dominant.Accounting for 58.43% of the city’s total exports; The export growth of private enterprises is strong, with an increase of 44.8%. Exports to Japan, the European Union, Hong Kong and other major export markets grew steadily, increasing by 23.7%, 16.2% and 12.6% respectively. The export growth rate of bulk commodities such as furniture and its parts, precious metals or jewelry wrapped with precious metals is higher than the average growth rate of the whole city. The utilization of foreign capital has increased substantially. In 2007, the contracted utilization of foreign capital in the city was 7.153 billion US dollars, up 54.2% year-on-year, with an increase of 27.5 percentage points year-on-year; The actual amount of foreign capital used was US$ 3.411 billion, up by 11.7% and 4.2 percentage points. From the perspective of foreign investment, the real estate industry is far ahead, the manufacturing industry is declining, and the culture, sports and entertainment industries are growing strongly. In 2007, the actual use of foreign capital in the real estate industry in our city was 1.62 billion US dollars, an increase of 2.2 times; The actual use of foreign capital in manufacturing industry was US$ 1.18 billion, down by 30.6%; The actual use of foreign capital in culture, sports and entertainment industry was $67 million, an increase of 18.5 times. (II) Significant improvement in benefits The economic benefits of industrial enterprises have been significantly improved. In 2007, the comprehensive index of economic benefits of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city increased significantly to 225.96, up by 24 points over the previous year; Among them, the comprehensive index of economic benefits of state-owned and state-controlled industrial enterprises above designated size was 401.66, an increase of 69.2 points, which was 175.7 points higher than that of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city. Corporate profits have risen sharply, while losses have decreased.Industrial enterprises above designated size achieved a total profit of 73.308 billion yuan, an increase of 35.9%. The loss of loss-making enterprises was 5.302 billion yuan, down by 7.1%. Fiscal revenue has increased significantly. In 2007, the total fiscal revenue from Guangzhou was 211.6 billion yuan, an increase of 22.4% over the previous year. The city’s general budget revenue was 52.379 billion yuan, an increase of 22.6%, and the growth rate was 7.6 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. Among the general budget revenue, business tax, value-added tax and enterprise income tax were 12.354 billion yuan, 11.150 billion yuan and 5.967 billion yuan respectively, up by 20.2%, 15.3% and 30.9% respectively, and the total contribution rate to the city’s general budget revenue reached 51.4%. Energy consumption is gradually decreasing. Our city pays special attention to energy conservation and emission reduction of key projects, key projects and key enterprises. Signed a target responsibility letter with 100 key energy-consuming enterprises. For newly introduced industrial projects, the examination and approval of energy consumption and pollutant discharge shall be strictly implemented. In combination with the implementation of the strategy of "retreating two into three" in the central city industry, we will accelerate the technological transformation of energy conservation and emission reduction in enterprises. The dependence of economic growth on energy consumption is gradually decreasing. It is estimated that the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP in Guangzhou will decrease by 4% year-on-year, and the emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand will decrease by 8.8% and 2.2% respectively. (3) The structure has been continuously adjusted and the industrial structure has been further optimized.In 2007, the proportion of added value of Guangzhou’s three industries was adjusted from 2.39?U40.01?U57.60 in 2006 to 2.29?U39.95?U57.76. The proportion of primary and secondary industries decreased by 0.10 percentage points and 0.06 percentage points respectively, and the proportion of tertiary industry increased by 0.16 percentage points. The three major demands tend to develop harmoniously. In 2007, the growth rate of total retail sales of social consumer goods in our city was 3.9 percentage points faster than that of the previous year, the growth rate of fixed assets investment in the whole society dropped by 1.9 percentage points, and the growth rate of commodity exports dropped by 4.4 percentage points, which obviously enhanced the pulling effect of consumer demand on economic growth. The characteristics of heavy industry are outstanding, and the innovation ability is gradually enhanced. The proportion of light and heavy industrial output value in our city is 37.73?U62.27, and the proportion of heavy industry is 1.56 percentage points higher than that of the previous year, with outstanding characteristics of heavy industry. In the whole year, the output value of high-tech products realized by industrial enterprises accounted for 30.02% of the city’s total industrial output value, an increase of 3.01 percentage points over the previous year. It shows that the innovation ability of industrial enterprises in our city has been gradually enhanced. Investment is inclined to the tertiary industry. The proportion of investment in fixed assets in the primary, secondary and tertiary industries was adjusted from 0.11: 27.30: 72.59 in the previous year to 0.06: 21.62: 78.32, and the investment in the tertiary industry increased. The structure of export products was gradually optimized. First, the export of mechanical and electrical products grew rapidly. In 2007, the export of mechanical and electrical products was US$ 19.213 billion.It increased by 18.0% over the previous year, accounting for 50.69% of the city’s total exports. Second, the growth rate of general trade exports is faster than that of processing trade exports. The general trade export of our city was 16.922 billion US dollars, up by 25.3%. The export of processing trade with imported materials and processing trade with imported materials were US$ 5.946 billion and US$ 14.280 billion respectively, up by 6.5% and 13.6% respectively. (4) People’s livelihood has gradually improved, and the living standards of residents have been greatly improved. In 2007, the average wage of employees in the city was 40,187 yuan, an increase of 10.6% over the previous year. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 22,469 yuan, an increase of 13.2%. The per capita consumption expenditure was 18,951 yuan, an increase of 16.6%. The per capita net income of rural residents was 8613 yuan, an increase of 10.6%. With the improvement of income level, the upgrading of residents’ consumption structure has accelerated. First, the service consumption expenditure in household expenditure has increased rapidly. In 2007, the per capita service consumption expenditure of urban residents in our city was 6698 yuan, an increase of 15.9%, accounting for 35.34% of the total consumption expenditure. Expenditure on education, culture and entertainment services has become a bright spot of consumption. The per capita expenditure on education, culture and entertainment services of urban residents in our city was 3,268 yuan, an increase of 17.5%. Second, consumption hotspots such as automobiles continue to heat up. By the end of 2007, there were 13 cars for every 100 urban households in our city, a year-on-year increase of 30%. The employment situation is stable. At the end of 2007, there were 6,476,900 social workers in the city.An increase of 6.4% over the end of last year. Among them, there were 3,973,400 urban employees, an increase of 10.8%. There are 250,600 registered unemployed people in cities and towns in the city, a decrease of 14,800 from the end of last year; The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 2.23%, up 0.17 percentage points from the end of last year. In the whole year, 175,100 registered unemployed people in cities and towns were resettled, of which 56,300 "4,050" people (laid-off and unemployed people over 40 years old for women and 50 years old for men) were employed, and the re-employment rate of registered unemployed people in cities and towns reached 70%. The financial expenditure on people’s livelihood has increased significantly. In 2007, the expenditure on education, social security and employment, medical and health care and environmental protection in the local general budget of our city was 8.06 billion yuan, 7.179 billion yuan, 3.273 billion yuan and 485 million yuan respectively, which increased by 11.1%, 27.4%, 16.0% and 29.0% respectively, accounting for 30.46% of the local general budget fiscal expenditure. Iii. Issues needing attention (1) From the perspective of economic growth, the city’s economy mainly relies on two-wheel drive of industry and service industry, but the internal structure of industry and service industry needs to be further optimized and coordinated. Industry is an important engine of the city’s economic development, while industry is mainly driven by three pillar industries: automobile, electronics and petrochemical. The output value of the three pillar industries accounts for 43.43% of the total industrial output value above designated size. However, the internal development of the three pillar industries in our city is unbalanced.The leading role of electronic product manufacturing industry is weak. From January to May this year, the output value of electronic products manufacturing industry has been declining, and it has turned down to rise since June, but the increase is very small. In 2007, the growth rate of electronic products manufacturing industry above designated size was 18.6 percentage points lower than the city average, 35.7 percentage points lower than that of automobile manufacturing industry and 25.0 percentage points lower than that of petrochemical manufacturing industry. The contribution rate to the industrial growth above designated size in the city is only 1.73%, which is 25.47 percentage points lower than that of automobile manufacturing and 17.08 percentage points lower than that of petrochemical manufacturing. Although Guangzhou’s service industry has dominated, it is far below the level of Beijing and the world average (the added value of the world’s service industry accounted for 67.9% of GDP in 2001). At present, Guangzhou’s service industry is still dominated by traditional service industry, and the proportion of modern service industry is low, which is difficult to meet the requirements of economic transformation and independent innovation. The industrial structure of service industry needs to be optimized urgently. (2) From the perspective of the three major demands, consumption, investment and export keep pace with each other, and the relationship among them tends to be coordinated. However, the export growth rate has dropped significantly due to factors such as the adjustment of export tax rebate policy by the state, the publication of prohibited categories of processing trade and international trade friction. In the second half of the year, the export growth rate of our city dropped significantly. The annual export growth rate dropped by 4.4 percentage points over the previous year and by 5.1 percentage points over the first half of 2007. From the perspective of major export markets, exports to the United States have fallen sharply.In 2007, the export to the United States was the same as the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 8.6 percentage points compared with the first half of the year. From the main export commodities, steel products, ships and printed circuits were greatly affected, and the annual export growth rate dropped by 82.4, 23.7 and 5.7 percentage points respectively compared with the first half of the year. At the same time, the growth rate of the output value of industrial export products above designated size in the city reached its peak in July, and then it ran at a low speed every month. In 2007, the output value of the city’s industrial export products increased by 14.3%, which was lower than the average growth rate of the city by 5.7 percentage points. It accounted for 21.19% of the total industrial output value, down 1.06 percentage points from the previous year. The export growth rate has dropped significantly, which may slow down Guangzhou’s economic development. (3) From the perspective of the quality of economic operation, the overall quality has improved, but the ability of independent innovation has yet to be enhanced. Cumulative consumer prices have risen month by month, and the "scissors difference" in production prices has increased recently, making it more difficult to save energy, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. The ability of independent innovation has yet to be enhanced. Our city’s independent innovation ability lags behind that of Shenzhen. In 2007, the output value of high-tech products of industrial enterprises above designated size accounted for 32.08% of the total output value of industrial enterprises above designated size. In 2006, the proportion in Shenzhen reached 52.8%. Shenzhen has cultivated a number of well-known large-scale high-tech backbone enterprises at home and abroad with large scale and strong strength, such as Huawei, ZTE and Global Digital. However, our city lacks the drive of well-known large-scale high-tech backbone enterprises at home and abroad. Therefore, Guangzhou urgently needs to complete the transformation of industrialization from comparative advantage to competitive advantage through independent innovation.Cumulative consumer prices are rising month by month. Since the second half of 2007, with the rapid rise of national consumer prices, the cumulative consumer prices in our city have also shown a trend of rising month by month (see Table 1 and Table 2 for details). In 2007, the overall consumer price level of urban residents increased by 3.4% over the previous year, with an increase of 1.1 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the price of consumer goods rose by 4.4%, and the price of service items rose by 1.1%. In 2007, the overall level of rural consumer prices rose by 3.2%; Among them, the living consumer price rose by 2.8%, and the production consumer price rose by 6.6%. The sharp rise in food prices is the main factor leading to the rise in consumer prices. In 2007, the urban food price in our city rose by 8.9% (up by 1.7% in the same period of last year), which was 5.5 percentage points higher than the total consumer price index of urban residents, directly driving the consumer price of urban residents to rise by 2.93 percentage points. In 2007, the price of rural food in our city rose by 11.5%, which was 8.3 percentage points higher than the total consumer price index of rural residents.Table 1: Monthly price increase in Guangzhou in 2007 Unit:% January, February, April, May, June, August, September, October, November and December, consumer price of urban residents 12.32.82.31.92.44.44.65.354.84.6 Food price 4.04.77.36. 0.8 Table 2: Monthly cumulative price increase in Guangzhou in 2007 Unit:% January, February, March, May, June, August, September, October, November and December, consumer price of urban residents 11.622.12.12.42.733.23.33.4 Food price 4.04.45.45. In 2007, the total ex-factory price level of industrial products in our city rose by 1.4%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points year-on-year; The overall purchase price level of raw materials, fuel and power increased by 4.7%, and the growth rate dropped by 0.2 percentage points year-on-year. The difference between the ex-factory price of industrial products and the purchase price of raw materials, fuel and power in our city gradually increased in the fourth quarter. In December, the ex-factory price of industrial products increased by 2.0% over the same period of last year, and the purchase price of raw materials, fuel and power increased by 7.6% over the same period of last year.The difference between the two increased from 2.5 percentage points in September to 5.6 percentage points. The increase of "scissors difference" in production price will lead to the reduction of profit space of downstream enterprises. It is more difficult to save energy and reduce consumption and emission. The industry with relatively high energy consumption in our city grows significantly faster than the service industry with less energy consumption, especially when the industry is further heavy, the energy consumption increases, which makes it more difficult to save energy, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. (IV) From the perspective of the economic structure of internal and external sources, the exogenous economy has developed rapidly, while the endogenous economy has developed slowly. Among the total industrial output value above designated size in the city, foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan account for 66.39%, and the growth rate (20.0%) is close to the city’s average growth rate, while the growth rate of state-owned enterprises is 7.6 percentage points lower than the city’s average. In particular, since the beginning of this year, the cumulative growth rate of the total output value of private industrial enterprises in our city has been lower than the city average (see Figure 1 for details). It can be seen that at present, the industrial development of our city is mainly driven by exogenous enterprises. In the wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering industries, the development of private economy lags behind the average level of the whole city. The growth rate of private wholesale and retail sales is 12.2 percentage points lower than the city average, and the growth rate of retail sales is 2.3 percentage points lower than the city average; The growth rate of retail sales of private accommodation and catering industry was 0.4 percentage points lower than the city average. (5) From the perspective of reflecting people’s livelihood, although the living standards of residents have been greatly improved and people’s livelihood has been improved, the growth rate of residents’ income is lower than the growth rate of regional GDP; The income gap between urban and rural residents has increased;The prices of agricultural means of production remain high, making it more difficult for farmers to further increase their income. In 2007, the average wage growth rate of employees in our city was 10.6%, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 13.2%, and the per capita net income of rural residents was 10.6%, which was 3.9, 1.3 and 3.9 percentage points lower than the growth rate of regional GDP respectively. In 2007, the income gap between urban and rural residents in our city changed from 2.55:1 in the previous year to 2.61:1, and the gap further increased. In 2007, the price of agricultural means of production in our city increased by more than 5%. In 2007, the growth rate was 5.9%, 0.7 percentage points higher than the previous year. The high price of agricultural means of production leads to the high cost of agricultural production, which affects the enthusiasm of farmers to invest in agricultural production and makes it more difficult for farmers to further increase their income. (VI) From the perspective of horizontal comparison, some economic indicators are still far behind those of the whole country, the whole province and major cities. In 2007, the total industrial output value of Guangzhou above designated size was 890.522 billion yuan. Among the major cities in China, It ranks seventh behind Shanghai (2,193.863 billion yuan), Suzhou (1,591.469 billion yuan), Shenzhen (1,383.254 billion yuan), Tianjin (1,007.507 billion yuan), Beijing (947.554 billion yuan) and Wuxi (894.511 billion yuan), and ranks eighth with Foshan.The growth rate of gross industrial output value above designated size in Guangzhou (20.3%) is lower than that in the whole province (25.0%), Suzhou (23.3%), Wuxi (23.6%) and Foshan (30.2%). In 2007, the total value of Guangzhou’s merchandise exports was US$ 37.902 billion, which was lower than that of Shenzhen (US$ 168.493 billion), Shanghai (US$ 143.928 billion), Suzhou (US$ 118.884 billion), Beijing (US$ 48.923 billion), Ningbo (US$ 38.255 billion) and Tianjin (US$ 38.255 billion) The growth rate of Guangzhou’s total merchandise export value is 17.0%, which is lower than Ningbo (33.0%), Shanghai (29.7%), Beijing (28.9%), Suzhou (25.6%) and Shenzhen (23.8%), and also lower than the national (25.7%) and provincial (22.2%) averages. In 2007, the general budget revenue of local finance in Guangzhou was 52.379 billion yuan, ranking sixth among major cities in China, lower than Shanghai (210.263 billion yuan), Beijing (149.264 billion yuan), Shenzhen (65.806 billion yuan), Suzhou (54.182 billion yuan) and Tianjin (54.013 billion yuan). The growth rate of general budget revenue of local finance in Guangzhou is 22.6%, which is lower than that of Suzhou (35.4%), Beijing (33.6%), Shenzhen (31.4%), Shanghai (31.4%) and Tianjin (29.6%) and lower than that of the whole province (28.0%).The level of growth. IV. Outlook of Economic Situation in 2008 and Countermeasures and Suggestions Looking forward to 2008, the national economic development will still face a more favorable domestic and international environment. From the international environment, the trend of economic globalization is developing in depth and the world economic situation is generally stable, which is beneficial to the development of our city. However, the risks of the world economy are still increasing gradually. The economic slowdown in the United States, the increasing global inflationary pressure and the intensification of international trade protectionism cannot be underestimated. From the domestic environment, the successful convening of the 17th National Congress and the Olympic Games, the gradual deepening of the reform of the system and mechanism, and the continuous expansion of opening to the outside world will mobilize the enthusiasm and potential of all sectors in developing the economy. Macro-control policies in 2007 will continue to play a role, and the development of individual industries and fields will slow down. 2007 is a year of intensive macro-control policies. In terms of fiscal policy, the export tariffs on some commodities have been increased, the export tax rebate for "two high-tech and one capital" products has been abolished, the export tax rebate rate for commodities that are prone to trade friction has been reduced, and import tax concessions have been implemented for some resource products and major technical equipment products. In terms of monetary policy, the statutory reserve ratio of financial institutions was raised ten times, and the benchmark interest rate of RMB deposits and loans of financial institutions was raised six times. In 2008, a moderately tight monetary policy will be implemented, and land management will also be strengthened. Judging from the development environment of our city, we will fully implement the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress in 2008, further deepen reform and open wider to the outside world.Vigorously promote independent innovation and structural optimization, strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction and ecological environment protection, and actively improve people’s livelihood. The 2010 Asian Games will be held in our city, and the construction of large-scale Asian Games venues and facilities will be fully launched. The economic development environment of our city in 2008 was generally good. Looking at the economic development environment at home and abroad and in our city, it is predicted that the trend of sustained and rapid economic growth in our city will not change in 2008, and the growth rate may drop slightly; Among the three major demands, export growth may slow down, investment is expected to grow steadily, the consumer market will continue to flourish, and the pulling effect of consumption on economic growth will be further enhanced. In order to ensure sound and rapid economic development in 2008, it is suggested to do the following work in combination with the actual situation of this city while implementing the national macro-control measures: (1) Further adjust the industrial structure and strive to build a modern industrial system. Agriculture should focus on developing characteristic agriculture and agricultural product processing, improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and establishing a long-term mechanism to ensure the stable development of animal husbandry, especially pig production, on the premise of stabilizing the grain planting area. Industry should intensify energy conservation and emission reduction, further strengthen the ability of independent innovation, and expand the production of high-tech products and high-processing products. Accelerate the development of service industry, especially the development of emerging service industries such as finance, logistics, exhibition, information transmission and software. (2) maintain a moderate level of foreign trade exports, prevent the impact of excessive deceleration on the overall economy, and continue to guide and promote the transformation of production and operation methods of "two high-tech and one capital" enterprises.Reduce the negative impact caused by the adjustment of export tax rebate. At the same time, adjust the structure of foreign trade. First, strive to expand the export of high-tech products and improve the quality and grade of export products; Second, constantly explore new markets; The third is to develop service trade and establish a mechanism to promote the development of service trade. (3) Effectively raise the income level of residents, expand their purchasing power, continue to increase new jobs, strengthen skills training and expand the scale of employment. We will continue to improve the social security system, raise residents’ expectations for future income growth, and provide dynamic support for domestic demand growth. It is necessary to increase subsidies for low-income groups, prevent them from living in difficulties due to rising prices, and strive to improve their quality of life. We should do everything possible to increase farmers’ income. Strengthen vocational training for farmers, improve their comprehensive quality and vocational skills, and improve the scientific and technological content of agriculture and the comprehensive agricultural productivity; Reasonably guide rural surplus labor to transfer employment to secondary and tertiary industries and cities, and accelerate the process of urban-rural integration. (4) Efforts to maintain the basic stability of the price level should continue to ensure the supply of non-staple food, strengthen the supervision of food quality and market prices, give full play to the guiding role of information in market supply and demand, avoid the ups and downs of consumer goods prices, and prevent prices from evolving from structural increases to inflation. (V) Vigorously support the development of the private economy, create a better development environment for private enterprises, further take effective measures to support the development of the private economy, strive to create a social atmosphere suitable for the development of the private economy, and further relax market access conditions.Create a fair competitive market environment, tap the development potential and strive to make the private economy bigger and stronger. Continue to take effective measures to activate private capital to invest in high-tech industries, modern service industries and modern agriculture, especially to guide private enterprises to take the road of scientific and technological entrepreneurship and vigorously support private enterprises to develop high-tech industries; Improve the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises, help private enterprises solve the financing problem, and encourage private enterprises to go public for financing. (6) Improve the ability of independent innovation, create new advantages for scientific development, and take improving the ability of independent innovation as the priority strategy of economic construction, the core content of improving the comprehensive competitiveness of cities and the central link of transforming the mode of economic growth. First, we should strengthen the dominant position of independent innovation of enterprises, encourage more investment, support research and development, strengthen intellectual property protection, and improve the independent innovation system with Guangzhou characteristics. Second, we should build a high-tech industrial system with international competitiveness, and focus on promoting the construction of high-tech industrial projects such as Guangzhou International Biological Island. (VII) To further improve energy conservation and pollution reduction, we should adhere to the priority of saving and environmental protection, implement strict environmental protection policies, focus on major energy-consuming industries such as petrochemical industry, steel manufacturing, power production and transportation, strictly control high-energy-consuming projects, form a pattern of government guidance, market promotion and participation of the whole society, and continuously improve the capacity for sustainable development.

We are about to usher in

70th anniversary of China FAW.

The 65th Anniversary of Hongqi Brand’s Birth

1953-2023

History of FAW’s Entrepreneurship

Carrying the initial mission of "industry serving the country and industrial power"

It embodies the spiritual strength of "standing bravely at the forefront and always striving for the first place"

Seven-rank navigation spectrum badge

Full of vigor and vitality to the future

70 years of development memorabilia

Incorporate into seven 10-year chapters

Looking back on the eventful years

Continue the historical glory

(4) 1984-1993

   ║ In 1984, a "Red Flag" inspection vehicle was built for the National Day military parade.

    ● The emission of "Jiefang" brand cars reaches the national standard.

    On April 20, 1984, the first automobile in China that reached the national emission standard drove off the general assembly line of FAW.

    ● Make a "Red Flag" review car for the National Day military parade.

   

    On August 25, 1984, the "Red Flag" CA-770TJ new caravan was successfully trial-produced and used in the military parade on the 35th anniversary of the National Day.

    ● Jiefang Automobile Industry Import and Export Corporation was established.

    On December 26, 1984, Jiefang Automobile Industry Import and Export Corporation was formally established, which marked a new historical stage for FAW’s foreign trade work, and it was also an important breakthrough in the reform of the foreign trade system of the automobile industry.

   ║1985, speed up the trial-production test of new product design.

    ● A number of key transformation projects have been completed.

    1985 was a crucial year for the transformation of FAW, and a number of key projects were completed one after another.

    ● Establish "Nine Departments and Five Centers"

    In 1985, FAW set up nine management departments, including management department and production department, and five centers, including technology development, process equipment design and manufacturing, which was a preliminary attempt by FAW to reform the internal system of the enterprise.

    ● Accelerate the trial production and test of new product design.

    In 1985, FAW accelerated the trial-production of new product design, completed the design of five variant cars, and completed the test task of 54 new cars of eight varieties.

   ║ In 1986, the last old "Jiefang" car rolled off the assembly line.

    ● 10,000-person mobilization meeting for transformation and transformation

    On February 14, 1986, on the first day after the Spring Festival, FAW held a mobilization meeting for transformation and transformation in Gate 1 Square, and nearly 20,000 employees braved the cold to attend the meeting.

    ● The last old "liberation" car rolled off the assembly line.

    On September 29th, 1986, the 1,281,502nd "Jiefang" brand CA-15 truck was driven from the general assembly line of FAW, and the last old "Jiefang" truck rolled off the assembly line.

   ║ In 1987, the "Jiefang" CA-141 car was officially put into production.

    ● "Jiefang" CA-141 car was officially put into production.

    On January 1, 1987, Jiefang CA-141 truck was officially put into production.

    ● Formally implement the factory director responsibility system.

    FAW has officially implemented the factory director responsibility system since 1987.

    ● Construction of the first phase of the new plant area started.

    In order to develop the production of cars and light vehicles, on September 1, 1986, the first phase of FAW’s new factory started construction.

   ║ In 1988, the car start mobilization meeting was held.

    ● An agreement was reached on the introduction of 30,000 car technologies.

    On May 17th, 1988, FAW and Volkswagen reached an agreement to introduce Audi 100 as the main model of 30,000 cars.

    ● The car start mobilization meeting was held.

    On July 15th, 1988, the First Automobile Factory held a mobilization meeting to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the establishment of the factory and the start of cars, and the third venture of FAW was fully rolled out.

   In 1989, the first Audi car rolled off the assembly line.

    ● The first Audi car rolled off the assembly line.

    On August 1, 1989, the first Audi car assembled by FAW Car Factory rolled off the assembly line.

    ● The State approves FAW’s "Seventh Five-Year Plan" project.

    On September 13, 1989, the technical transformation plan of FAW’s "Seventh Five-Year Plan" expansion with a total investment of 3.39 billion yuan was approved.

   In 1990, the FAW-Volkswagen 150,000 car joint venture project was signed.

    ● Cut the ribbon when Audi’s assembly line is completed.

    On April 21, 1990, FAW held a ribbon-cutting ceremony on the Audi assembly line of the car factory, marking another important step in the construction of the pilot project of FAW’s 30,000 cars.

    ● FAW-Volkswagen 150,000 cars joint venture project signed in Beijing.

    On November 20, 1990, the signing ceremony of the joint venture project of FAW and Volkswagen of Germany for 150,000 cars was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The total investment of this project is 4.2 billion yuan. The registered capital of FAW accounts for 60%, Volkswagen accounts for 40%, and the joint venture period is 25 years.

   In 1991, FAW-Volkswagen Co., Ltd. was formally established.

    ● FAW-Volkswagen Co., Ltd. was formally established.

    On February 8, 1991, FAW-Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd. was established, which marked that the project of FAW’s 150,000 popular cars entered the comprehensive construction stage from the preliminary preparation.

    ● Synchronous growth of automobile production and sales.

    In 1991, 82,500 vehicles were produced, up by 31% over the previous year, and 92,130 vehicles were sold, up by 45.9% over the previous year, exceeding the output of 9,630 vehicles. The problem of automobile inventory backlog accumulated for many years was alleviated. The export earned 18 million yuan in the whole year, the best level in history. The "Jiefang" CA-141 car has been exported to 14 countries.

   In 1992, the annual output exceeded 100,000 vehicles.

    ● Determine the names of the group and core enterprises.

    On July 15th, 1992, FAW officially launched the names of enterprise groups and core enterprises. The name of the enterprise group is "China FAW Group" for short, the name of the core enterprise is "China FAW Group Corporation" for short, and the subordinate name of the first automobile factory is reserved.

    ● The annual output exceeds 100,000 vehicles.

    On October 5, 1992, the annual output of FAW exceeded 100,000 vehicles. The annual output was 136,726 vehicles, the sales volume was 134,977 vehicles, and the profit was 801.86 million yuan, setting a record high.

   In 1993, CA-142 medium-sized truck was put into production.

    ● The shift production of ●CA488 engine achieves the goal of 200 engines.

    On June 28th, 1993, the single-shift output of CA488 engine reached 200, which indicated that the group company had the annual output of 120,000 engines.

    ● FAW Sihuan Automobile Co., Ltd. was established.

    On June 28th, 1993, Changchun FAW Sihuan Automobile Co., Ltd. was established, which was the first joint-stock experimental field of FAW.

    ●CA-142 medium-sized truck was officially put into production.

    On July 14th, 1993, the new Jiefang CA-142 medium-sized truck rolled off the assembly line. On the basis of CA-141 car, the car has adopted nine high-level improvements, and the average failure mileage exceeds the national excellent standard.

    Acknowledgement: China FAW.

　　Cctv news Recently, the Shenyang Science and Technology Innovation Service Center of Liaoning Province, Zhong Jun, the inheritor of tussah silk clothing making skills of Shenyang Industrial Competition and intangible cultural heritage, and the teachers and students of the "Wild Silkworm (Tussah) Creative Design Project Team" of dalian polytechnic university Institute of Fashion Technology came to Zhujia Street of Shenyang City to hold an exchange meeting on the development of tussah industry and the design and development of tussah intangible cultural works, and held discussions with more than 30 representatives of silkworm farmers.

　　Sun Caihong, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Zhujia Street in Shenyang, presided over the meeting and introduced the overall layout of the cultural tourism industry and the development of tussah industry in Tianjiawa Village.

　　Ding Wei, Dean of dalian polytechnic university Institute of Fashion Technology, said that the college will devote itself to building a bridge of cooperation between schools and villages, exploring a new mode of urban-rural integration of "Wild Silkworm Valley" schools+enterprises+villages, providing intellectual support for rural revitalization and maintaining Liaoning’s characteristic industries, and helping Liaoning, China’s tussah industry to develop with high quality.

　　At the seminar, the relevant members of the "Wild Silkworm Creative Design Project Team" demonstrated and explained the design concept, application materials and production technology of tussah wenchuang works, so that the majority of silkworm farmers could fully understand tussah wenchuang works through cases and arouse their enthusiasm for learning and participation. Zhong Jun introduced the related situation of Liaoning Heritage Base of Tussah. Finally, the Organizing Committee of Shenyang Industrial Design Competition introduced the related activities of the 2023 Shenyang Industrial Design Competition for teachers and students, and called on everyone to actively promote outstanding creative design works and promote the transformation of outstanding design works.

　　Silkworm farmers have said that through this activity, everyone has a more comprehensive understanding of the extension chain of tussah industry, and they are more confident to expand the scale of farming and develop tussah cultural and creative works.

　　In the next step, Zhujia Street in Shenyang will speed up the promotion of the Wild Silkworm Valley project, make efforts to extend and improve the tussah industrial chain, and let more people put on the tussah "golden rice bowl" to help the cultural tourism+tussah industry integrate and grow, and the creative design will empower the tussah industry to jointly help the rural revitalization and development.

In Chengdu, I came across a collector of Chinese medicine books named Wu Bingde.

Walking into the narrow residence of Mr. Wu Bingde in Longmian Street, chenghua district, Chengdu, I saw all the rooms filled with bookshelves, all of which were Chinese medicine books, totaling more than 30,000 volumes. Looking at the whole country, it is rare and surprising that individuals collect so many books on traditional Chinese medicine.

I interviewed Mr. Wu Bingde in this room that exudes books.

A corner of Mr. Wu Bingde’s library. Lin Zhibo

Lin Zhibo: Teacher Wu, why did you choose to collect ancient Chinese medicine books? When did you start collecting?

Wu Bingde:I started collecting medical books in the late 1980s. When I was 22 years old, I graduated from school and went to work in a hospital. Although I have studied various theoretical knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine at school, I have no clinical experience and I am very anxious. On one occasion, I accidentally bought a 70′ s experience prescription book of old Chinese medicine from a street bookstall, which contained prescriptions for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, curative effects and case analysis, as well as the names of donors. I carefully analyzed the prescriptions, and found the contents to be true and reliable, with strong practicability. I immediately verified three prescriptions in clinic, and all of them achieved good results. In the future clinical practice, when I encounter a difficult problem, I will find the corresponding solution from the book, which will help me a lot. Through continuous research and study, my medical skills have been greatly improved, which makes me convinced that these old medical books are valuable experiences left by my predecessors’ selfless dedication. I must cherish and seriously study their experiences, constantly improve my professional ability, become a famous doctor, and relieve illnesses for more people.

Since then, I have formed an indissoluble bond with old medical books. I go to the old book stand whenever I have time, buy old medical books when I see them, and even go to the old book stand to see if there are any old medical books wherever I visit relatives and friends.

Lin Zhibo: Please tell us, how many ancient Chinese medicine books do you have? How many types are there?

Wu Bingde:So far, I have collected 30,000 volumes for more than 30 years. The contents include:

First, the medical experience, medical records, secret recipes, prescriptions and contributions of old Chinese medicine practitioners all over the country;

Second, local Chinese herbal medicines throughout the country;

Three, all over the country "barefoot doctors" manual, training and learning materials, experience, earthwork law;

Four, the cultivation methods and processing methods of drugs throughout the country;

Five, all kinds of traditional Chinese medicine folk therapies spread among the people and ethnic minorities in China;

6. Various methods of diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine spread among the people in China;

Seven, 50-80 years published a variety of traditional Chinese medicine classics;

Eight, traditional Chinese medicine and Taoism;

Nine, the early liberation of Chinese medicine schools, colleges and universities all over the country the earliest original (tutor) teaching materials, including traditional Chinese medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, five sense organs, acupuncture and moxibustion, all kinds of original handouts;

Ten, all over the country, the traditional therapy and medicine secret prescription and national medicine;

Eleven, the local Chinese medicine emergency treatment, the local snake first aid methods;

Twelve, the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, all kinds of ancestral secret manuscripts, official printed copies;

Thirteen, early all over the country famous orthopedics, famous doctor technique and experience;

Fourteen, 50-70 years around the old Chinese medicine treatment of various tumors and cancers of successful experience, cases, prescriptions, prescriptions;

Fifteen, early local Chinese medicine hospital internal self-use agreement prescription, hospital self-use Chinese medicine pills powder paste Dan preparation method, operation process;

XVI. Formulation method and technological process of pills, powders and pastes with local traditional characteristics in the early days of liberation;

Seventeen, early local ophthalmologists’ experience and prescription in treating eye diseases;

Eighteen, the local old Chinese medicine for external treatment of various diseases formula process operation method;

Nineteen, the experience of local old Chinese medicine practitioners in treating male and female diseases;

Twenty, all kinds of Chinese medicine publications, papers, and precious manuscripts of deceased old Chinese medicine published and printed by local parties all over the country;

Twenty-one, all kinds of Chinese herbal medicine plant specimens.

Lin Zhibo: Since you wanted to be a famous doctor, why did you end up as a collector? What kind of belief makes you stick to the road of collecting for more than 30 years?

Wu Bingde:There are many good doctors, but few collectors specialize in collecting medical books. It is not difficult for me to be a good doctor, but it is very difficult and difficult to be a good collector.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a treasure of Chinese culture, which has been passed down from generation to generation for thousands of years. It has accumulated countless recipes and stunts to cure diseases and save lives. We can’t watch it dating and lost. After countless wandering, I seriously thought, what can I do? I looked at my collection of thousands of medical books, opened the books, and looked at the experiences, experiences, contributions and cases summarized by the ancestors inside, which were particularly good! I think the essence of these Chinese medicine can’t be lost! Let future generations know how our ancestors lived. What keeps you healthy? How to reproduce? Therefore, I made the biggest decision in my life and made a great wish: I will do only one thing in my life and try my best to collect ancient Chinese medicine books all over the country.

From then on, I specialized in collecting ancient medical books. If I don’t be a good doctor, I will collect medical books. I don’t want to be meritorious, but I want to be innocent. I am willing to be a poor collector of Chinese medicine books.

I spent more than 30 years, and spent about 3 million yuan before and after, and collected 30 thousand books on traditional Chinese medicine. There used to be domestic pharmaceutical companies, and even Japanese, Vietnamese and Koreans, who offered 20 million and 30 million yuan to buy my books, but I refused. I’m Chinese, and my collection is to prepare for the revival of Chinese medicine, connecting the past with the future, which is my lifelong responsibility and obligation.

Part of the library. Lin Zhibo

Lin Zhibo: When did your relationship with Chinese medicine begin? You have spent most of your life collecting books on traditional Chinese medicine. What do you rely on to maintain the collection of medical books?

Wu Bingde:I studied medicine since I was a child, and my mother knows some knowledge of herbs and earth methods, which are very useful. I like learning since I was a child, and I have mastered some methods. I am bold, dare to use them, and try again and again. As long as I cure others’ diseases with some small methods, I am very happy and have a sense of accomplishment, although I don’t receive any money.

I entered the Chinese medicine class at the age of 17 and worked in a local hospital. I obtained the qualification certificate of Chinese medicine in the early 1990s. I have worked as a sitting doctor, manager of a pharmaceutical company, run my own company, and have also done small business, including the money earned from part-time work, almost all of which was spent on the collection of Chinese medicine books. In those years, whenever I met a good book, I often borrowed money to collect it. I am often excited because I have found precious books, and I am also happy!

Since my youth, I have been determined to collect books. For more than 30 years, I have experienced hardships and hardships and worked hard for my ideals. In that era of backward information, I traveled all over the country, and my footprints were found all over the country.

In order to save money to collect medical books, I often buy cheap vegetables in the afternoon, and because I don’t have the money to take the bus after buying books, I have to walk more than 20 stops back to my residence with dozens of books on my back. I have lived in Chengdu for more than 20 years and rented a house for decades. I love this city, it gives me hope and fulfills my dream of TCM collection. I am very grateful to this city, because it has fulfilled my lifelong wish.

For me, I want to collect and preserve the roots of Qihuang and spread the traditional Chinese medicine culture. Therefore, my lifelong responsibility is to collect, spread and inherit the culture of traditional Chinese medicine. For this reason, I am doing what I want in obscurity and have no regrets.

Part of the library. Lin Zhibo

Lin Zhibo: You have spent most of your life collecting books on traditional Chinese medicine and realized your ideal. What are your thoughts and wishes now?

Wu Bingde:I am a recluse. I am determined to collect, remain unknown, and persistently collect medical books for decades, because I firmly believe that Chinese medicine will be revitalized, and these handed down experiences of Chinese medicine I have collected will play a role and benefit the public.

My greatest wish is to establish a museum of Chinese medicine classics, so that more young people can understand the profound Chinese medicine culture of our motherland, so that more Chinese medicine practitioners can learn, study and inherit the Chinese medicine culture of our motherland and do something concrete for the revival of Chinese medicine.

Lin Zhibo: Do you have any specific opinions and suggestions on the current development of Chinese medicine?

Wu Bingde:In recent years, my collection has been recognized by relevant state departments and units. I am a member of China Collectors Association, China Traditional Chinese Medicine Association, China Ethnic Medicine Association and executive director of Sichuan Collectors Association.

As a Chinese medicine practitioner, it is very difficult for a large number of folk Chinese medicine practitioners to survive and obtain legal medical qualifications. I hope that the inheritance of folk Chinese medicine experience will not be dated. Because Chinese medicine is rooted in the people, Chinese medicine comes from the people, inherits from the people, and serves the people for thousands of years.

In addition, the traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities should not throw away the traditional things, but should extensively and deeply study the traditional folk therapies, secret recipes and stunts, and continue the way of teaching from teacher to apprentice.

I also hope to strengthen the quality management of Chinese herbal medicines. Time has proved that the quality of traditional Chinese medicine is the "lifeline" of Chinese medicine, and only the combination of good medicine and good dialectics can play a good role in Chinese medicine.

CCTV News:According to the report of Beijing Health and Health Commission, from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on November 14th, there were 303 locally confirmed cases and 159 asymptomatic infected persons (including one asymptomatic infected person who was transferred to a confirmed case, of which 257 cases were reported), 394 isolated observers and 67 social screening personnel in Beijing, and there were no new suspected cases. Two confirmed cases imported from abroad and two asymptomatic infected persons were added, and no suspected cases were added. 40 cases were cured and discharged, and 6 cases were asymptomatic infected.

Locally confirmed cases:

Confirmed case 1: I now live in Area 1, No.19 Hospital, Shunsha Road, Changping District.

Confirmed cases 2 and 3: I now live in the third phase of Baigezhuang New Village in Changping District.

Confirmed cases 4 and 45: now living in Dianshang Village, Changping District.

Confirmed case 5: now living in Huafu, Longshan, Changping District.

Confirmed case 6: I now live in the junior high school apartment of Wangfu School Foreign Language School, No.11 Wangfu Street, Changping District.

Confirmed case 7: I live in No.116 Dongwei Road, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 8: Now living in Laojuntang Village, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 9: Now living in No.3 Yard, Runyuan, Yuanyang, Taying North Street, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 10: Now living in Hegezhuang Village, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 11: now living in No.50 Anzhenyuan Hospital, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 12: now living in the south area of Jiugong Xinyuan, Daxing District.

Confirmed cases 13 and 14: I now live at No.25, Wang Hongbin Street, Dongcheng District.

Confirmed case 15: Now living in Lilianghe Village, Huairou District.

Confirmed case 16: I now live in Building 19, Nord Center, Fengtai District.

Confirmed case 17: I now live at No.22 Fengguan Road, Fengtai District.

Confirmed case 18: Now living in Xingfu Jiayuan Community, Fengtai District.

Confirmed case 19: now living in Zhufangdongzhuang, Haidian District.

Confirmed case 20: currently living in No.1 Hospital of Longshan Jiayuan, Mentougou District.

Confirmed cases 21 and 47: I now live in the construction site of Machang subway station in Dongtai Road, Pinggu District.

Confirmed case 22: Now living in Huanle Song Apartment, hong cun, Xihai, Shunyi District.

Confirmed case 23: currently living in Fuheyuan Community, Tongzhou District.

Confirmed case 24: I now live in Building 18, Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District.

Confirmed case 25: now living in Kanghongjiayuan Community, Dongcheng District.

Confirmed cases 26 and 31: now living in the second district of Wangjing Xiyuan, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 27: now living in North Lane, South Taipingzhuang, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 28: Now living in Shigezhuang Village, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed cases 29 and 30: now living in Xibahe Beili Property Community, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 32: now living in Xiaoguan Beili Community, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 33: currently living in No.18 Hospital of Zhouzhuang Community, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 34: now living in Sibozi Village, Haidian District.

Confirmed case 35: Now living in Jing Yi Li Community, Changqianyuan, Haidian District.

Confirmed case 36: now living in Qiangyou New Town, Haidian District.

Confirmed case 37: I now live at No.13 Majiapu East Road, Fengtai District.

Confirmed case 38: currently living in Area 4, Shimenying New District, Mentougou District.

Confirmed case 39: now living in Lvwan Xingyuan Community, Fangshan District.

Confirmed case 40: Now living in Shengyuan International Community, Tongzhou District.

Confirmed case 41: currently living in Pi Village, Chaoyang District.

Confirmed case 42: now living in the second district of Tiantong Beiyuan, Changping District.

Confirmed case 43: Now living in Tiangezhuang Village, Shunyi District.

Confirmed case 44: now living in the dormitory of Asuwei Waste Incineration Factory in Changping District.

Confirmed case 46: now living in Longyueyuan District 1, Changping District.

All the above are social screening personnel, and they were diagnosed as confirmed cases on November 14th.

Confirmed cases 48 to 61: currently living in Dongcheng District;

Confirmed cases 62 to 87: currently living in Xicheng District;

Confirmed cases 88 to 176: currently living in Chaoyang District;

Confirmed cases 177 to 195: currently living in Haidian District;

Confirmed cases 196 to 205: currently living in Fengtai District;

Confirmed cases 206 to 208: currently living in Shijingshan District;

Confirmed case 209: currently living in Mentougou District;

Confirmed cases 210 to 212: currently living in Fangshan District;

Confirmed cases 213 to 233: currently living in Tongzhou District;

Confirmed cases 234 to 240: currently living in Shunyi District;

Confirmed cases 241 to 295: now living in Changping District;

Confirmed cases 296 to 301: currently living in Daxing District;

Confirmed case 302: now living in Huairou District.

All the above were isolated observers, and were diagnosed as confirmed cases on November 14th.

Locally asymptomatic infected persons:

Asymptomatic Infected Person 1: Now living in Building 12, Baiqiao Street, Dongcheng District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 2: I now live in Building 8, Guangqumennei Street, Dongcheng District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 3: Now living in Xiangfengge Dormitory, No.2 A Xinghua Road, Chaoyang District.

Asymptomatic infected person 4: now living in Jinsong District 8, Chaoyang District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 5: Now living in No.3 Hospital of Yaojiayuan Xili, Chaoyang District.

Asymptomatic infected persons 6 and 7: now living in Shigezhuang Village, Chaoyang District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 8: Now living in the second phase of Baiwang Molly Garden in Haidian District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 9: Now living in Building 63, South Third Ring Road, Fengtai District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 10: Now living in No.7 Hospital of Fenghuayuan West Street, Fengtai District.

Asymptomatic Infected Persons 11 and 12: Now living in the East Zone of Waterfront Yayuan, Fangshan District.

Asymptomatic infected person 13: now living in the second district of Fuyan New Village, Fangshan District.

Asymptomatic infected person 14: Now living in Gucheng Village, Shunyi District.

Asymptomatic infected person 15: Now living in Baimiao Village, Changping District.

Asymptomatic infected person 16: Now living in Beixintun Village, Daxing District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 17: Now living in Beijing Construction Engineering Dormitory of Huilongguan Sports and Culture Park in Changping District.

Asymptomatic Infected Person 18: Now living in Beili, shaoyaoju, Chaoyang District.

Asymptomatic infected person 19: Now living in Bairong Jiayuan, Dongcheng District.

Asymptomatic infected person 20: now living in Linyuyuan, the ocean side of Chaoyang District.

All of the above are social screening personnel, and were diagnosed as asymptomatic infected persons on November 14th.

Asymptomatic infected persons 21 to 31: currently living in Dongcheng District;

Asymptomatic infected people 32 to 39: currently living in Xicheng District;

40 to 86 asymptomatic infected people: now living in Chaoyang District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 87 to 97: currently living in Haidian District;

98 to 108 asymptomatic infected persons: currently living in Fengtai District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 109 and 110: currently living in Shijingshan District;

Asymptomatic infected person 111: currently living in Mentougou District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 112 to 115: currently living in Fangshan District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 116 to 129: currently living in Tongzhou District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 130 and 131: currently living in Shunyi District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 132 to 148: currently living in Changping District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 149 to 155: currently living in Daxing District;

Asymptomatic infected person 156: now living in Huairou District;

Asymptomatic infected persons 157 and 158: currently living in Pinggu District;

Asymptomatic infected person 159: now living in Yanqing District.

All of the above are isolated observers, who were diagnosed as asymptomatic infections on November 14th. Confirmed cases abroad: Confirmed case 1: China nationality, arrived at Beijing Capital Airport from Hong Kong, China on November 11th, and was sent to a centralized isolation hotel through closed-loop management, and was diagnosed as a confirmed case on November 14th. Confirmed case 2: Taiwan, China, who arrived at Beijing Capital Airport from Taiwan, China on November 11th, was sent to a centralized isolation hotel through closed-loop management, and was diagnosed as a confirmed case on November 14th. All the above cases have been transferred to designated hospitals, epidemiological investigations have been carried out, and control measures have been implemented as required. Remind the general public and friends not to go out unnecessarily, not to risk areas, not to have dinners, not to get together, not to visit relatives and friends, not to attend banquets, and not to go to crowded places unless necessary. During nucleic acid testing, we should obey the on-site arrangement, queue up in an orderly manner, wear masks correctly, keep a safe distance, not to gather, not to get together, not to talk less, and leave immediately after testing, and do good hand hygiene. Medical staff, mobile workers, testers, community workers, police officers, volunteers and other frontline epidemic prevention and control personnel should do personal protection. When they are in close contact with high-risk groups, collect and remove garbage, and disinfect the environment, please be sure to wear protective clothing, gloves, N95 masks, protective screens or goggles, shoe covers and other protective articles, and do a good job in hand hygiene to ensure their own health and safety.

Summer is full, and the sun is just right.

It’s graduation season.

It is also the harvest season.

UCASer keeps innovating and making progress.

New discovery of two new "four quark states" hadrons

New progress of eggshell of Hami pterosaur

Reveal the carbon cycle mechanism of vitamin community in biological crust

… …

With Guo Xiaowei

Look at the latest issue of scientific research express

01 led the discovery of two new "four quark states" hadrons.

Progress has been made in the study of eggshell composition of Hami pterosaur

Joint research and publication of high quality reference genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

Progress has been made in the study of epigenetic mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure interfering with reproductive endocrine.

USP7 degradation agent was proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for p53 mutant cancer.

Revealing the carbon cycle mechanism of microbial community in biological crust

Revealing the evolution mechanism of microstructure of sulfur dioxide aerosol by Dalian light source

08 reveals the ligand recognition and G protein selection regulation mechanism of some serotonin family receptors.

Cloning of important genes regulating soybean grain size and quality

Click on the corresponding title below to read the original report.

Click on the journal name to learn more.

Leading the Discovery of Two New Quaker Hadrons Recently, the LHCb International Cooperation Group of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced the discovery of three new exotic particles: a new five quark hadron and two new four quark hadrons which are mutually adjoint states. Among them, two "four quark states" hadrons were discovered by the particle physics team of National Science and Technology University, one with two charges and the other neutral. Their internal structure is very strange: they contain four different types of quark components, and their mass is about 3.1 times that of protons.

This is the first time that a double-charge "four-quark state" hadron has been discovered experimentally, and it is also a hadron partner that has found two completely new quark components at the same time. At the same time, the discovery of these two "four quark states" hadrons provides brand-new experimental evidence for confirming the existence of new material forms beyond the conventional baryons and mesons in nature, which will help deepen human understanding of the most basic structure of matter in the universe. Undergraduate and graduate students of the National Science and Technology University played a key role in it.

Mars, a doctoral supervisor of the National Science and Technology University and a doctoral student of Wang Xiaolin, a researcher at the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, cooperated with Luo Wugan, an associate professor at the School of Humanities of the National Science and Technology University, to analyze and study the egg fossils of Hami pterosaur in Tianshan Mountain. The results revealed that the main component of the protein-colored eggshell of the pterosaur was fluorapatite.

This study is of great significance to the research and protection of pterosaurs and pterosaur egg fossils. Related research results were published in Heritage Science. Mars is the first author, and Wang Xiaolin and Luo Wugan are the corresponding authors.

Collaborately researching and publishing high-quality reference genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, Wang Ying, an associate professor at the School of Life Sciences of the National Science and Technology University of China, cooperated with Jiao Yuling, a doctoral supervisor at the National Science and Technology University of China and a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and obtained a nearly complete reference genome Col-PEK of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 ecotype by combining long-reading ONT, high-fidelity long-reading PacBio HiFi and short-reading Illumina NovaSeq sequencing data. Col-PEK assembly filled most gaps in all regions including five centromeres.

The related research was published online in Molecular Plant with the title of "A Near-Complete Assembly of an Arabic Genome". Hou Xueren, a doctoral student at National Science and Technology University, is the first author, and Wang Ying and Jiao Yuling are co-authors.

Progress has been made in the study on the epigenetic mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure interfering with reproductive endocrine. Huang Qingyu, a graduate tutor of National Science and Technology University and a researcher at the Institute of Urban Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed the mechanism of histone modification in PFOA interfering with male reproductive endocrine by analyzing the effects of low-dose PFOA exposure on the expression of key genes in testosterone synthesis, the level of hormone synthesis and the status of histone modification (methylation/acetylation) in rats.

The research results were published in environmental science & technology with the title of "low levels of perfluoro petrochemical acid exposure activations steroid hormone biosynthesis through reproducing histone methylation in rats". Han Xueying, a master student of National Science and Technology University, and Md Nur Alam, a doctoral student, are co-first authors, and Huang Qingyu is a correspondent author.

USP7 degrading agent was proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for p53 mutant cancer. Zhou Bing, Li Jia and Zhou Yubo, doctoral supervisors of National Science and Technology University of China and researchers of Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, designed and synthesized the first small molecular probe U7D-1 with high efficiency and selective degradation of USP7, and studied its antitumor activity and mechanism in p53 wild-type cells and p53 mutant cells.

The related research work was published online in angew.chem.int.ed. with the title of "discovery of a potential and selective degrader for USP 7". Pei Yuan and Fu Jingfeng, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, and Shi Yunkai, postdoctoral fellow of Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies of National Science and Technology University, are co-first authors. Zhou Bing, Li Jia and Zhou Yubo are co-authors.

Ho Xuan Huong, a doctoral supervisor of National Science University of China and a researcher of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted five batches of sampling surveys for four consecutive years on biological crusts (algae crusts, cyanobacteria lichen crusts, green algae lichen crusts and moss crusts) in different succession stages of typical field plots. By using various metagenome technologies and big data model analysis methods, combined with the determination of enzyme activities at physiological level and the correlation analysis of environmental factors, the microbial carbon cycle pattern and its interaction and regulation mechanism of biological crusts were revealed.

The related research results were published online in Soil Biology and Biochemistry with the title of "carbon cycle in the microbial ecosystems of biological soil crusts". Wang Qiong, a doctoral student at National Science and Technology University, is the first author, and Ho Xuan Huong is the correspondent author.

Using Dalian light source to reveal the microstructure evolution mechanism of sulfur dioxide aerosol, Jiang Ling, a graduate tutor of National Science and Technology University of China, a researcher of molecular reaction dynamics State Key Laboratory of Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zhang Zhaojun, an associate researcher, discovered the structural evolution mechanism of sulfur dioxide hydrated clusters by using a self-developed infrared spectrum experimental device based on Dalian coherent light source, which provided a new idea for understanding the nucleation mechanism of sulfur dioxide aerosol. This achievement helps to clarify how pollutant molecules grow into clusters step by step, so as to help people better understand the formation mechanism of smog.

The related results were published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters with the title of "Infrred Spectroscopy of Stepwise Hydration Motives of Sulfur Dioxide". Chong Wang and Fu Liangfei, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, are co-first authors.

Revealing the ligand recognition and G protein selection and regulation mechanism of some serotonin family receptors, led by Xu Huaqiang, a doctoral tutor at National Science University and a researcher at Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with Zhang Yan, a professor at Zhejiang University, and David E. Gloriam, a professor at Copenhagen University, Denmark, etc. The research results "gpcrs steergi and GS selectivity via tm5-tm6 switches as revealed by structures of serotonin receivers" were published online on Molecular Cell. Huang Sijie and Xu Peiyu, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, Shen Dandan, research assistant of School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang University, and Icaro A. Simon, University of Copenhagen, Denmark are the co-first authors of this paper.

This study has made another progress in the field of structure and function of serotonin receptor, and successfully analyzed the three-dimensional structure of 5- HT, 5-HT, 5-HT receptor and activated G protein (Gs protein) and 5-HT receptor and inhibited G protein (Gi protein). The structural basis of small molecular ligands 5-HT and 5-CT recognizing 5- HT receptor subtypes was revealed, and the molecular mechanism of 5- HT receptor selectively coupling Gs protein and Gi protein was clarified. Huang Sijie and Xu Peiyu, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, Shen Dandan, research assistant of School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang University, and Icaro A. Simon, University of Copenhagen, Denmark are the co-first authors of this paper.

Tian Zhixi, a doctoral supervisor of National Science and Technology University of China and a researcher of Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, cloned an important gene regulating soybean grain size and quality. Through genome-wide association study analysis of more than 1,800 soybean germplasm resources, a stable signal interval related to grain thickness was identified on chromosome 5, which overlapped with many reported candidate QTL intervals for yield, oil content and protein content. The team further combined with the analysis of multi-omics data to determine a gene GmST05 (Seed Thickness 05) which controls the thickness and size of soybean seeds.

The research results were published online in Plant Biotechnology Journal with the title "Natural Allelic Variation of GMST 05 Controlling Seed Size and Quality in Soybean". Duan Zongbiao, a doctoral student at National Science and Technology University, and Sharla Cheung, an assistant researcher, are co-first authors, and Tian Zhixi is a correspondent.

This issue of scientific research express is here.

Original title: "New progress in scientific research, coming! 》

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