On the afternoon of April 27th, Changchun held the 70th press conference on the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19 to inform the latest progress of epidemic prevention and control.

　　At the press conference, Ma Yanfeng, member of the Standing Committee of Changchun Municipal Committee and executive deputy mayor, introduced: After careful analysis and judgment, the Municipal Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters decided to gradually lift the social control of the whole city from 0: 00 on April 28th and restore the normal production and living order in an orderly manner.

　　How to let go?

　　At 0: 00 on April 28, the prevention zone will be released first, and residents in the prevention zone of the main city will travel one household and one person a day, and they will not leave the main city unless necessary.

　　Residents of the county prevention area are allowed to move within the county, and they are not allowed to leave the county (city) unless necessary.

　　The current management policies of the closed control area and the control area will remain unchanged for the time being. After the closure and control are lifted, residents have to complete self-health monitoring for 7 days, during which they can’t take public transportation and don’t leave the community unless necessary.

　　How to travel?

　　Orderly restore the traffic in the city and the intercity traffic with the cities (states) in the province. Rail transit will not operate for the time being, and 175 key bus lines will be resumed, and passengers will scan the code and take the bus; Actively promote the resumption of railway transportation and civil aviation; 1,000 taxis will be released in advance, and the reservation system will be implemented, and the green code will be used to ride and scan the code to pay. According to the changes in the epidemic situation, the taxi supply will be gradually increased and the network car will be restored. "Red and yellow code" personnel are prohibited from taking public transport. It is recommended that private cars do not leave the road unless necessary, do not leave the city unless necessary, do not leave Changchun unless necessary, and travel with other vehicle certificates.

　　(Headquarters reporter Zhao Wenbin Zhang Xucheng Liu Yuexin Zi Wang Liang Yang)

Machine heart report

Editor: Chen Ping, saute spicy chicken

Apple released OpenELM, an efficient language model family based on open source training and reasoning framework.

If ChatGPT started the big model competition, then the Meta open source Llama series models set off a craze in the open source field. Among them, the apple doesn’t seem to make a big splash.

However, in the latest paper released by Apple, we can see its contribution in the field of open source.

Recently, Apple released OpenELM with four variants (parameters are 270M, 450M, 1.1B and 3B respectively), which is a series of pre-training and fine-tuning models based on public data sets. The core of OpenELM is layer-by-layer scaling, that is, each Transformer layer in OpenELM has a different configuration (for example, the number of heads and the dimension of feedforward network), which leads to the different number of parameters in each layer of the model, thus achieving more effective cross-layer parameter allocation.

It is worth mentioning that Apple released a complete framework this time, including data preparation, training, fine-tuning and evaluation procedures, as well as a number of pre-trained checkpoint and training logs to promote open source research.

Address: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.14619.pdf.

Project address: https://github.com/apple/corenet.

Paper title: open elm: an efficient language model family with open-source training and influence framework.

The results show that the performance of OpenELM is better than the existing open source LLM which is pre-trained with public data sets (Table 1). For example, OpenELM with 1.1 billion parameters outperforms OLMo.

Method introduction

OpenELM architecture

OpenELM adopts transformer architecture with only decoder, and follows the following ways:

(1) Do not use learnable deviation parameters in any fully connected (also called linear) layer;

(2) using RMSNorm for pre-standardization, and rotating position ROPE is used to encode position information;

(3) Use grouped query attention (GQA) instead of multi-head attention (MHA);

(4) replace the feedforward network (FFN) with SwiGLU FFN;

(5) using flash attention to calculate the scalable dot product attention;

(6) Use the same tokenizer as LLama.

Generally speaking, each transformer layer in LLM uses the same configuration, thus realizing the uniform distribution of cross-layer parameters. Different from these models, each Transformer layer in OpenELM has a different configuration (for example, the number of heads and the dimension of feedforward network), which leads to different parameters in each layer of the model. This enables OpenELM to make better use of the available parameter budget to achieve higher accuracy. Apple uses layer-wise scaling to realize the uneven distribution of cross-layer parameters.

Scaling layer by layer: The standard Transformer layer consists of multi-head attention (MHA) and feedforward network (FFN). In order to solve the problem of uneven distribution of parameters in Transformer layer, Apple adjusted the number of attention heads and FFN multipliers in each Transformer layer.

Apple does this. Suppose that the standard Transformer model with uniform parameter distribution has n layers of transformers, and the input dimension of each layer is d_model. MHA has n_h headers, and the dimension of each header is

, the hidden dimension of FFN is:

Apple introduced two superparameters, α and β, to scale the number of attention heads n_h and m in each layer respectively. For layer I, n_h and m are calculated as:

Pre-training data

For pre-training, Apple uses public data sets. Specifically, their pre-training data set includes a subset of RefinedWeb, deduplicated PILE, RedPajama and a subset of Dolma v1.6, totaling about 1.8 trillion token. As shown in the following table.

Training details

Apple used its own open source CoreNet library (formerly known as CVNets, specially used for training deep neural networks) to train OpenELM variants, and the training process was iterated for 350,000 times. Finally, four variants of OpenELM are trained (parameters are 270M, 450M, 1.1B and 3B).

experiment

In this paper, the performance of OpenELM is evaluated under zero sample and few sample settings, as shown in Table 3. The researchers compared OpenELM with the published LLM, including PyThia, Cerebras-GPT, TinyLlama, OpenLM, MobiLlama and OLMo. Related to the work of this paper are MobiLlama and OLMo. These models are all trained on similar data sets and have similar or more pre-training token.

Figure 1 plots the accuracy of OpenELM with the number of training iterations on seven standard zero-sample tasks. It can be found that in most tasks, with the extension of training duration, the accuracy will be improved on the whole. In addition, the accuracy of the checkpoints obtained by averaging the last five checkpoints (collected once every 5000 iterations) is equivalent to or slightly improved by the final checkpoints obtained after 350k iterations. This improvement is probably due to the fact that the average weight reduces the noise. Therefore, in the main evaluation in Table 4, the instruction tuning experiment in Table 5 and the parameter efficiency tuning experiment in Table 6, the researchers used the average checkpoint.

The results in Table 4 span various evaluation frameworks, highlighting the effectiveness of OpenELM compared with existing methods. The results in Table 4 span different evaluation frameworks, highlighting the effectiveness of OpenELM compared with existing methods. For example, compared with OLMo with 1.2 billion parameters, the accuracy of OpenELM with 1.1 billion parameters is improved by 1.28% (Table 4a), 2.36% (Table 4b) and 1.72% (Table 4c), respectively. It is worth noting that OpenELM achieved such accuracy, but used much less pre-training data than OLMo.

As shown in Figure 5, in different evaluation frameworks, instruction fine-tuning can always improve the average accuracy of OpenELM by 1-2%.

Efficient fine tuning of parameters (PEFT) results. Training and evaluation settings for researchers to use common sense reasoning. This setting provides eight 170k training samples of multiple-choice data sets for different methods to study PEFT, including LoRA and DoRA. The researchers integrated OpenELM with these methods, and used eight NVIDIA H100 GPU to fine-tune the generated model for three training cycles. As shown in Table 6, the PEFT method can be applied to OpenELM. On the given CommonSense inference data set, the average accuracy of LoRA and DoRA is similar.

Tables 7a and 7b show the benchmark test results of this work on GPU and MacBook Pro respectively. Although OpenELM is more accurate with similar parameters, its speed is slower than OLMo. Although the main focus of this study is reproducibility rather than reasoning performance, the researcher has conducted a comprehensive performance analysis to determine the bottleneck of the work.

The analysis shows that a considerable part of OpenELM’s processing time can be attributed to the researchers’ simple implementation of RMSNorm (see Table 8). In detail, that is, a simple RMSNorm implementation leads to many separate kernels starting, each processing a small amount of input, instead of starting a single fusion kernel like LayerNorm. By replacing the simple RMSNorm with Apex’s RMSNorm, the researchers found that the throughput of OpenELM was significantly improved. However, compared with the model using optimized LayerNorm, there is still a significant performance gap, partly because (1)OpenELM has 113 layers of RMSNorm, while OLMo has 33 layers of layer norm; (2) The RMSNorm of 2)Apex is not optimized for small input. In order to further illustrate the performance degradation caused by RMSNorm, Apple replaced the LayerNorm in OLMo with RMSNorm, and observed that the generation throughput decreased significantly. In the future work, researchers plan to explore optimization strategies to further improve the reasoning efficiency of OpenELM.

Original title: "Apple Roll Open Source Model, Open Code, Weight, Data Set, Training Process, OpenELM Debut"

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(This article was first published in "Movie Rising Potential", welcome WeChat to search filmmore for attention)

　 1905 movie network exclusive feature Today, "Star Trek: Beyond the Stars" finally takes us out of the boring "Protection Month" … …

　 As a super IP comparable to Star Wars in the history of science fiction, the Star Trek series has developed from the 1960s to today with more than 700 episodes and more than ten movies. The persistence of half a century has accompanied the growth of generations, and the brain hole that broke through the sky has also inspired countless sci-fi fans who look up at the stars.

　 Although it can’t be said that it is brain-burning, as a hard science fiction work with a huge pattern, there is still a lot of "cold knowledge" in the film that we need to preview. Below, Zi Shijun will clear the fog for you and come one by one (special note: there are wonderful benefits at the end of the article, waiting for you to get it! ）：

[What is the origin of alien creatures? 】

This episode of "The Great Devil" — — Krall (Krall)

If it weren’t for these sexy thick lips, I really can’t see that these two are the same person.

　 Although Crow (idris elba) looks like an evil lizard monster, he is actually human.

　 Crow, whose real name is Balthazar M. Edison, joined the Military Coalition Command Organization (MACO) in his early years, and fought against Cindy and Romulan successively, rising to at least the rank of school.

　 After the establishment of the Star Federation, MACO was absorbed into the Star Fleet. Edison became the first spacecraft to reach warp speed four — — Captain of the Franklin. However, as a veteran who witnessed countless human compatriots being slaughtered by alien creatures in the war, Edison hated the federal foreign policy of advocating tolerance and peace.

　 A year later, in 2164, Franklin was sucked away by a wormhole and crashed on the M-class planet Altamid. Only Edison, Anderson Le and Jessica Wolff survived. Edison sent a distress signal, but there was no answer, which made the three people feel abandoned and completely crazy. Edison was determined to destroy the Star Alliance to prove that the ideal of peaceful coexistence would only bring weakness.

Although the bee soldiers are outnumbered, they are mostly brainless children.

　 On Altamid, Edison discovered the technology left over from the previous generation of civilization, including killer bees warships and Fengbing army, and an energy conversion mode that can extend his life by absorbing other creatures. So using the Fengchuan army, the three men captured a large number of alien spacecraft and drained their crew for a living. Slowly, the three men are also close to their victims in appearance. During this period, Edison began to call himself Crow, restrained himself as a human being and stopped speaking English.

Crow and Manas: Can you tell who is right when the two brothers stand together?

Protecting the Right and Left: Manas and carrara.

　 Although Crow is outnumbered, the only men who really have brains are Manas and carrara, two "great protectors".

　 Manas’s real name is Anderson Le, and carrara’s real name is Jessica Wolff. Like Crow, they were originally human beings, and both served on the Franklin until the Franklin crashed the Altamid star, and their fate was completely changed.

When carrara pretends to be pitiful, the Federation will be fooled.

　 During his stay on Altamid, Manas has been helping Crow induce the passing spacecraft to crash, so as to trap survivors and drain their bodies to continue their lives. One of these poor victims is Jiela’s father. The unarmed struggle between Jiela and Manas in the film also stems from this deep hatred.

◥ Guangzhou Panyu District Caibian Second Village Laisui personnel and the staff of the rental house service management workstation are scanning the QR code, so that they can grasp the rental house information and the situation of the renters. Our reporter Ding Yongxun photo

◥ At Yuexiu Vocational Skills Training School in Guangzhou, students in the beauty salon class are observing and studying. The vocational skills training here is also free and open to the registered population and the foreign population. Our reporter Ding Yongxun photo

　　Our reporters Ding Yongxun, Zhuang Jin and Li Kunsheng
　　From Shaoguan’s hometown to Guangzhou for 13 years, Chen Weifu, the captain of the urban management team, still lives in an old rental house of 20 square meters. The economic situation is still not affluent. My son, who is studying at university, can only come to see him in a bed with him every weekend, but this does not affect that he and Wu Chungen, secretary-general of Beijing Street Chamber of Commerce in Yuexiu District, who has a car and a house, apply to settle in Guangzhou at the same time.
　　The street staff told Chen Weifu that because he won the honor of being an outstanding foreign employee in Yuexiu District last year, he has great hope of successfully applying for a Guangzhou hukou this year.
　　Maybe I can’t help my son pay a down payment for buying a house in Guangzhou like other parents, but if I can settle in Guangzhou smoothly, I can at least solve my son’s hukou problem.
　　Chen Weifu, 46, is determined to seize this opportunity.
　　In recent years, the Guangzhou municipal government has repeatedly issued new policies for the integration of people from Guangzhou. Guangzhou, which is famous for its tolerance, is letting more and more people share the fruits of the city’s reform and development with more scientific management and humanized service.

The crack in the door is widening

　　It is not because Chen Weifu has made any amazing achievements that he won the honor of outstanding foreign workers in Yuexiu District.
　　As a city manager, this middle-aged man just walked diligently on the streets of his own jurisdiction for 10 years, patrolling four times a day, taking only one day off every week, rain or shine, and he had to go back to his hometown for two days during the Spring Festival. Guangzhou’s Spring Festival flower market is famous at home and abroad. At this time of the year, Chen Weifu has to stay at his post until two in the morning to get off work.
　　Chen Weifu feels that it is a father’s responsibility to help his son who is still in college to implement the Guangzhou hukou. After all, I can’t give my son too much.
　　Beijing Street in Yuexiu District, where Chen Weifu works, has always been the center of Guangzhou City in history, with high-quality education and cultural resources very concentrated, with local residents accounting for the majority. "It is probably equivalent to Wangfujing in Beijing. It is difficult to settle here." Huang Jun, head of the Rental Housing Supervision and Guidance Section of Yuexiu District Laisui Personnel Service Administration, said.
　　Since 2011, Guangzhou has provided 3000 points for migrant workers every year. By 2015, the number of places will increase to 4500. In the same year, Guangzhou also set aside 500 places for private school teachers. In addition, 50 outstanding migrant workers and 150 outstanding migrant workers with skills selected by Guangzhou every year can also go directly to their homes.
　　There are 16.67 million permanent residents and 8.37 million floating population, with 5,200 households per year. "Although it only opened a crack in the door, it also made more than 8 million people in Guangzhou see the hope of working hard in this city." Huang Jun told Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter.
　　In recent years, Guangzhou’s household access channels are still expanding.
　　Before 2013, the outstanding migrant workers in Guangzhou and the outstanding migrant workers in Guangzhou were just pure honors. However, since 2014, this appraisal has been directly linked to households.
　　Before 2015, there was a threshold of no more than 45 years old in Guangzhou, and now this restriction has been lifted; In the past, social security was required to be paid for at least 4 years, but it is now reduced to 3 years.
　　"Guangzhou’s household policy is that one person solves it and the whole family solves it. Together with their lovers and children, it is actually tens of thousands of places every year. " Huang Jun said.

Points can be admitted.

　　Chen Weifu, who rents a house, strives to enter Guangzhou for his son, and Wu Chungen, secretary-general of Beijing Street Chamber of Commerce in Yuexiu District, who is regarded as a successful person, is no exception. In fact, most people who come to Guangzhou talk about Guangzhou’s integration policy, and they are most concerned about their children’s future.
　　"I didn’t care about the hukou before. Now the child is three years old and I am anxious to consider his schooling." Wu Chungen, who has been in Guangzhou for 20 years, said.
　　Guangzhou’s new policy of integration is also in line with relevant needs. On January 4, 2016, the Guangzhou Municipal Government adopted the Action Plan for the Integration of Guangzhou Laisui Personnel (2016-2020), and planned to fully realize the integration of registered and non-registered personnel in five years. Yuexiu District, the core area of the city, and Panyu District, with a large number of migrants, were identified as integration pilots.
　　During the pilot visits in Yuexiu District and Panyu District, the reporter found that many communities have built "430 classrooms" for children, which are free for children to learn to play after school and before their parents get off work.
　　Ma Meixia, director of Yuexiu District’s Laisui Bureau, told Xinhua Daily Telegraph that Yuexiu District will introduce a policy of enrolling children of Laisui personnel this year. Panyu district, where migrants gather, has a faster pace.
　　According to the current policy of Panyu District, all the children of those who meet the four conditions of living in Panyu District and applying for a valid residence (temporary residence permit), working in Guangzhou, paying social insurance in Guangzhou social insurance system, and going through the family planning registration formalities in Panyu District family planning department can apply for admission to public schools in the compulsory education stage.
　　Gong Zixia from Hunan is the beneficiary of this policy. Reluctant to the homestead of his hometown, Gong Zixia, who has worked in Panyu District for 15 years, has never chosen to apply for settlement. However, with Panyu District’s relaxed points admission policy, her two children are currently studying in nearby public primary schools.
　　"If there is no point admission policy, they can only go home to be left-behind children now. How can I bear it? " Speaking of the workers who didn’t apply for points for their children, Gong Zixia’s tears flowed down without warning.
　　Since 2010, Panyu District has provided nearly 21,000 free degrees in public schools in the compulsory education stage for the children of migrant workers from Guangzhou, and 88,000 children of migrant workers from Guangzhou have enrolled in compulsory education schools, of which 45,000 have enrolled in public schools.
　　As mentioned in the Integration Action Plan, in 2020, Guangzhou will realize that eligible children of non-registered permanent residents will receive nine-year compulsory education and enjoy the same treatment as local registered students.

Laisui Bureau and Rental House

　　Chen Weifu hopes to stay in Guangzhou after retirement. Chen Weifu, who divorced in his early years, plans to apply for public rental housing after entering Guangzhou to improve the living conditions of his father and son.
　　Huang Jun can be called the butler of the rental house in Yuexiu District. As the head of the rental housing supervision and guidance section of Yuexiu District Laisui Personnel Service Administration, Huang Jun often laughs at himself as a Laisui personnel. In 2003, Huang Jun resigned from the township government in Changde, Hunan, and came to Guangzhou for development. In 2006, he began to take charge of rental housing management in Yuexiu District. In the past 10 years, the superior unit in his office has changed, and in 2014 it was finally assigned to the name of Laisui Bureau.
　　"Only Guangzhou in the country has established the Laisui Bureau as a government-level department. It can be seen that the city attaches importance to the foreign population. " Huang Jun said.
　　Since Laisui Bureau was established, Huang Jun’s work has also changed. "In the past, I thought about how to control the foreign population. Now there are more considerations for overall coordination. There are no standards to study and think about. What are the characteristics of our district and what is the starting point of our work? We have to support the government’s decision-making, and the pressure is much greater. "
　　In order to provide more scientific management and humanized services, Zeng Kaizhang, director of Guangzhou Laisui Bureau, revealed that the idea of Guangzhou’s "integration plan" is to provide basic public services in an orderly manner with residence permits as the carrier and points system as the means.
　　Panyu District took the lead in launching the intelligent service management network for people coming to Guangzhou and rental houses, which is a typical case.
　　Panyu District has a total of 170,000 rented houses and 909,000 sets, which is one of the most densely populated areas in Guangzhou. In 2012, Panyu established a star management system for rental housing safety. According to fire control, public security, epidemic prevention and honesty, the residential rental houses in the whole region are divided into star class, supervision class and key supervision class.
　　"Tenants who rent different star-rated rental houses will have different levels of points, and they can cash in the corresponding public services with points." Zhang Yingying, director of Panyu District Laisui Personnel Service Administration Office, introduced. At present, the public services that foreigners in Panyu District can cash in with points include 23 social services and preferential items such as admission, medical treatment, employment, training and entertainment provided by 13 government functional departments and enterprises. In the integral project of applying for compulsory education in Panyu District, the points obtained by renting the highest-grade 3-star rental house for 5 years are the same as those who own their own property.
　　This move in Panyu District has solved many difficult problems in rental housing management.
　　In November, 2014, Guangzhou issued a circular, requiring non-local people to come to Guangzhou, and they should report and register with the local street, community and other administrative agencies within three working days from the date of arrival at their place of residence. Housing lessors, properties, intermediaries and employers also have the responsibility to assist in registration.
　　At that time, public opinion believed that this was the newly established Laisui Bureau’s sense of existence: the policy of requiring migrants to actively register was neither close to the people nor feasible.
　　However, when social public services closely related to the interests of employees in Guangzhou are linked to rental housing management, this problem is solved.
　　After registration, not only the tenant can get points, but also the landlord can get points, and then exchange them for some local public services. As a result, the "evil law", which was originally accused of damaging Guangzhou’s tolerance and was purely superfluous, became the "good governance" that the staff of Guangzhou took the initiative to abide by.
　　The reporter saw in Caibian No.2 Village, Donghuan Street, Panyu District that the administrator of the service management workstation basically mastered all kinds of information about 3,651 sets of rental houses and more than 1,000 sets of shops in the village. Lin Xionghui, the manager of the rental house, said: "There is a QR code in front of each rental house. After the administrator scans with the APP on the mobile phone, the personal information of the tenant, whether the tenant has applied for a residence permit and the time of the last door-to-door inspection will appear on the mobile phone, which is very convenient. "

From fishing to the owner of the city

　　More and more people from Guangzhou began to share the development achievements of Guangzhou. Before the Spring Festival of the Year of the Monkey, some media asked Zeng Kaizhang, director of Guangzhou Laisui Bureau, whether the entry threshold for Guangzhou was too low.
　　Zeng Kaizhang replied: "Every city has its own characteristics, and Guangzhou’s inclusive characteristics cannot be lost. Even if tolerance brings many people, it will bring the pressure of social management, and we must overcome difficulties. We must not lose the characteristics of tolerance and make tolerance the soft power, competitiveness and city business card of Guangzhou. "
　　In this regard, Huang Junshen has feelings. Engaged in rental housing management for 10 years, he has dealt with countless people coming to Guangzhou. "When the point-to-household policy was promulgated and everyone came to apply, I found out that, alas, some friends around me didn’t even have a Guangzhou hukou. I really don’t feel this difference at ordinary times. Guangzhou’s acceptance of migrants is much more tolerant than other big cities I have been to. " Huang Jun said.
　　However, Huang Jun also admitted that this kind of tolerance is also progressive. "In the past, it was not exclusive, and later it was inclusive. Now it is active service and care."
　　Wan Li ‘an, secretary of the Party branch of migrant workers in Fanao Community, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, has the same feeling.
　　In 1999, Wan Li ‘an came from Huanggang, Hubei Province to work in Panyu, Guangzhou. At that time, locals also liked to call outsiders "fishing for girls" and "fishing for children" and "saying that we have come here to make money in the world".
　　In those years, migrant workers who didn’t bring temporary residence permits walked on the street, and they were likely to be stopped. People were stuffed into cars and sent to the police station, and it took several days to get out.
　　"Many people only know that they want to apply for a temporary residence permit when they are arrested." Wan Lian, who is now the vice president of a large property company, said, "Now the government will take the initiative to guide you to apply for a residence permit. You work and live here, and you have guidance on what you need to do. "
　　The change of the situation of the people coming to Guangzhou comes from the improvement of the understanding of the local government and local residents — — When the foreign population accounts for 50% of the permanent population in a city, the non-registered population has long been an indispensable part.
　　In 2015, Guangzhou’s GDP reached 1.8 trillion yuan, surpassing that of Hong Kong, China. Peng Peng, vice president of Guangdong Institute of Comprehensive Reform and Development, said in an interview that the total GDP of Guangzhou is based on a large number of migrants.
　　In Caibian Second Village, Donghuan Street, Panyu, local residents have a deep understanding of this. The permanent population of Caibian No.2 village reached 8,000 at the peak, while the registered population was only 1,400. The local people can earn a lot of income by renting houses. However, with the relocation of large factories such as Olympus nearby, the whole village suddenly lost two or three thousand people, and the local landlord’s purse also shrank a lot.
　　Wan Lian said: "In the past, local people thought that migrant workers came to Guangzhou to seize resources. Now most people realize that we are here to serve. During the Chinese New Year, all the foreigners went home, and immediately the whole Panyu felt deserted. You want to decorate, no one; You want to send a courier, and no one comes to your door … … Nowadays, many types of work are undertaken by foreigners. You see that the dry sanitation, shoe repair and sewing are all foreigners. "
　　In the view of Ma Meixia, director of Yuexiu District Laisui Bureau, a native of Guangzhou, the atmosphere in Guangzhou is getting better and better, and the gap between locals and migrant workers is getting less and less.
　　Ma Meixia introduced that at this year’s Yuexiu District People’s Congress meeting, NPC deputies from enterprises welcomed Guangzhou’s settlement policy and children’s enrollment policy, and asked the staff of Guangzhou Bureau to go to their company for publicity. "We came to Guangzhou Bureau to help local enterprises retain talents." Ma Meixia said.
　　Wu Chungen, who has a successful career, was elected as the party representative of Yuexiu District in May 2011. "As a migrant worker, it is a very high political honor to be a representative of the constituency." Li Xingwang, director of Beijing Street Floating Population and Rental Housing Management Service Center in Yuexiu District, Henan Province, said.

Tolerance and feedback

　　Recently, Huang Jun was thinking about a new batch of poster slogans of Laisui Bureau in Yuexiu District. Reasoning or "peace of mind is hometown" is the most appropriate sentence. "Our job is to make the staff in Guangzhou feel at ease." He said.
　　Guangzhou has always had a tradition of tolerance. Luo Hong, a professor at Guangzhou University who has been studying Lingnan culture for a long time, believes that Guangzhou people like to call their city Yangcheng, and the sculpture of Wuyang with grain ears is the totem of the city. However, we should know that in history, Guangzhou neither produced sheep nor millet, which is a strong proof that Lingnan area has absorbed the northern farming civilization.
　　Walking in the commercial street of Yuexiu District in the center of Guangzhou, you can’t tell whether any pedestrian is a local or a foreigner. When passing through the peasant movement workshop of the local key cultural relics protection unit, the staff of the local Guangzhou Bureau suddenly thought: "Chairman Mao was also a Guangzhou worker."
　　Wu Chungen, who quit his hometown civil servant in Anhui 20 years ago to work in Guangzhou, has a deep feeling of tolerance and diversity in Guangzhou. When he first came to Guangzhou, he made up his mind to learn Cantonese well. Later, he found that both his own team and the people he dealt with had it all over the country. "After learning Cantonese, I found it basically useless."
　　Guangzhou is tolerant and serves the people who come to Guangzhou, and more foreigners are also giving back to this city with open arms to them.
　　Wu Shengguo of Nanjiao Village Neighborhood Committee of Qiaonan Street in Panyu District was demobilized from the army in 2011 and worked as a rental house administrator. Several local villagers caught fire at home, and Wu Shengguo rushed to the front line with a fire extinguisher. "After the fire was extinguished, he was covered in ash and came back silently."
　　Aunt Zhao from Shijiazhuang was transferred to Guangzhou in 1995 because her husband was a local. Today, retired, she is the head of a large community elderly art troupe in Panyu. There are more than 80 people under his command, two-thirds of whom are foreigners and one-third are locals.
　　Last year, Aunt Zhao led the art troupe to give more than 70 performances, including condolences to local nursing homes. Aunt Zhao plans to teach the members to learn a few Cantonese songs and perform some vernacular programs in 2016, so that the members can integrate into Guangzhou more deeply.
　　Ma Meixia has been exposed to many stories of migrant workers in Guangzhou since she became the director of the Guangzhou Bureau of Yuexiu District. What impressed her most was the post-80s Ma Xiaochun, who was selected into China’s list of good people.
　　On November 22nd, 2014, Ma Xiaochun found a messenger bag with 106,000 yuan in cash at the subway station, and immediately called the police to find the owner. The owner who hurried back offered 10,000 yuan as a reward, but she declined it on the spot. Later, the owner went to great lengths to find Ma Xiaochun’s work unit to express his gratitude, but the girl from Xiangyang rural area said, "I didn’t want him to repay me when I returned the money. After a girl came to Guangzhou, too many people helped me, and they didn’t ask for anything in return. A person who helped me once told me, ‘ In the future, if you have an opportunity, help others ’ . I just do what they do. "

The following article comes from the concept of Kan, written by Xiao Kan.

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Faze the world, books moisten people’s hearts. Welcome to pay attention to the concept! The research and publication information of law and public management will be released here. I look forward to reading a good book with you and seeing the world.

Blockchain is known as the technology that is most likely to trigger a wave of technological revolution after steam engine, electricity, information and Internet technology. Monitoring supply chain, audit trail, drug monitoring, data sharing, copyright and royalties, tax supervision, equity transactions, etc., blockchain has brought subversive influence in many scenarios, triggering a series of industry changes and business innovations. As a brand-new information infrastructure, blockchain has brought brand-new technical solutions to integrate data elements and improve productivity, and has also refreshed people’s traditional cognition of social governance and brought developmental changes to the evolution of production relations.

In this context, the blockchain justice generated by the collision and integration of blockchain and Internet justice will surely leave a strong impression in the historical process of the judicial system. As a digital justice in the era of WEB3.0, its concept of distributed justice will not only enrich the technical due process system, but also make due contributions to realizing the interconnection of digital values, reconstructing the pattern of social trust and driving the Chinese modernization leading digital justice.

Towards a higher level of digital justice;

When internet justice meets blockchain

(self-sequence)

With the gradual digitalization of society, the concept and practice of "technology+"have all profoundly influenced and even reshaped the traditional judicial ecology. The dislocation between traditional judicial mechanism and practical exploration has set off a research wave of "information technology+legal system", and blockchain justice is one of the highlights.

Intuitively speaking, blockchain technology is a scheme to collectively maintain a reliable database through decentralization and distrust. It originated from the paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System published by Satoshi Nakamoto in November 2008. This paper first puts forward the concept of bitcoin, a decentralized cryptocurrency, and blockchain is its underlying supporting technology. With the further development of Bitcoin, the technical advantages of blockchain are prominent, and it has gradually become a more widely used technology.

From the technical characteristics, blockchain is not only a technological innovation, but its deep application in other fields also means a change in governance: it is expected to develop into a new information infrastructure to realize value interconnection, thus reconstructing the social trust pattern. This will lead to changes in the industry and give birth to new formats, which will bring about changes in trust methods and cooperation mechanisms, and is recognized as having subversive influence in many scenarios. As a result, blockchain technology is known as the most potential technology that can trigger the fifth subversive revolutionary wave after steam engine, electric power, information and Internet technology. The scientific and technological circles generally believe that the combination with information technology such as artificial intelligence makes blockchain technology have five characteristics and functions: the security function of resisting attacks based on cryptographic technology; Trusted function based on non-tampering and information transparency; Auditable and supervisory functions based on full traceability; Highly automated function based on blockchain smart contract; Data security and privacy protection function based on blockchain and privacy computing.

The blockchain industry can be divided into two major areas: chain circle and currency circle. The "chain circle" mainly focuses on topics such as the development of the underlying technology of blockchain and the landing of application scenarios, and pays attention to the impact and subversion of blockchain as a technology and ecology on the future. The "currency circle" focuses on various digital tokens, virtual tokens and cryptocurrencies, focusing on the appreciation or depreciation of tokens, the increase or decrease of positions, and the heavy position or clearance. At present, the attitude of the state towards the two is quite different, and the issue of digital assets trading including virtual currency in the "currency circle" is strictly controlled. For example, in view of the fact that the speculation of virtual currency transactions will disrupt the economic and financial order, breed illegal and criminal activities such as gambling, illegal fund-raising, fraud, pyramid selling and money laundering, and seriously endanger the property safety of the people, on September 24, 2021, the People’s Bank of China and other ten departments issued the Notice on Further Preventing and Handling the Speculation Risks of Virtual Currency Transactions, clarifying that it is illegal for overseas virtual currency exchanges to provide services to residents in China through the Internet, and financial institutions and non-bank payment institutions may not provide services related to virtual currency. Article 25 of the Anti-Telecommunication Network Fraud Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was passed in the NPC Standing Committee on September 2, 2022, clearly stipulates that no unit or individual is allowed to help others to launder money through virtual currency transactions. In view of the endless criminal acts involving "new investment methods" such as the meta-universe,On February 18th, 2022, the Office of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on Handling Illegal Fund-raising in China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China issued "Risk Tips on Preventing Illegal Fund-raising in the Name of" Meta Universe ",focusing on the methods and risks of suspected illegal fund-raising and fraud activities in the name of" Meta Universe ". On April 13th, 2022, China Internet Finance Association, China Banking Association and China Securities Association jointly issued the "Initiative on Preventing NFT-related Financial Risks", demanding that the tendency of NFT (non-homogeneous token) financial securitization be resolutely curbed and the risks of illegal financial activities be strictly prevented.

For the application of blockchain technology, China strongly supports it at the policy level. In the chapter of "Accelerating Digital Development and Building Digital China" in the National Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, blockchain is listed as one of the seven key industries of digital economy in the Tenth Five-Year Plan and has become an important carrier for developing digital economy and building digital China. In recent years, with the continuous release of policy dividends, China’s blockchain technology application and industrial ecology have accelerated evolution, and the blockchain and the real economy have accelerated integration, which has strongly supported the country’s major strategies, and its application boundaries have been continuously expanded, and its value has been continuously reflected in key areas such as smart agriculture, judicial deposit, epidemic prevention and control, digital government, and the realization of "peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutrality" and other national major strategies, providing a new driving force for digital transformation of various industries.

The rise of digital court, digital prosecution and digital public security indicates that the era of intelligent justice based on internet technology is coming quietly. The traditional Internet technology, like "Sword of Damocles", not only realizes the function of efficient and convenient output, but also has its own technical hidden dangers, which presents three problems in practice. (1) The hidden trouble of automation of digital technology. The judicial automation brought by digital technology not only improves judicial efficiency and saves judicial cost, but also weakens the antagonism of litigation, reduces the efficiency of judicial review in the process of litigation, and squeezes the protection of individual litigation rights. (2) The credibility of data information "running" on the Internet. For example, big data mining based on artificial intelligence makes the forensic ability of judicial organs increase exponentially, but it also brings the possibility that the information involved is technically edited or forged, which in turn leads to the crisis of judicial trust in the digital age. (3) Data security under the background of Internet technology. Different judicial departments and third-party institutions are prone to "information islands" and "data barriers" due to security concerns such as information leakage and tampering, which greatly hinders the formation of the judicial big data ecosystem in practice.

Blockchain technology can achieve "trusted collaboration" through consensus algorithm, smart contract, governance, cross-chain, privacy computing, etc., thus solving the trust and security problems in information exchange and sharing. Therefore, the four core technologies of blockchain (distributed ledger technology, consensus mechanism, smart contract and cryptography technology) and their technical advantages can effectively alleviate the aforementioned hidden dangers, make up for the technical shortcomings of Internet justice, and fill the gaps in digital justice.

In view of this, in judicial practice, the depth and breadth of the combination of blockchain technology and Internet judicial system are constantly expanding, and the rise and popularity of online litigation has made it "a hundred feet, a step further". Since 2017, China’s judicial practice departments have explored the integration of blockchain technology in many fields, and the pedigree of blockchain justice has gradually become complete, such as "judicial deposit" chain, "judicial appraisal" chain, "judicial notarization" chain, "judicial chain intelligent contract" to enhance the binding force and execution of pre-litigation mediation agreement, and "blockchain legal service" chain of local judicial departments and bureaus. In addition to the promotion of courts and judicial administrative organs, enterprises and research institutions are also exploring application scenarios. For example, the China Business Federation issued the "Blockchain Electronic Contract Process Specification" in 2021. Among them, the landmark norm is the Online Litigation Rules of the People’s Court, which was implemented in the Supreme People’s Court on August 1, 2021. It first stipulated the scope of validity of blockchain deposit, and clarified the validity of the data stored in blockchain after it was uploaded. At the same time, the authenticity audit rules of blockchain storage data after and before uploading are established. Since then, blockchain evidence and its rule system have taken shape. Of course, the scope of applicable cases is not limited to civil and administrative litigation cases, but also includes criminal cases of quick adjudication procedures, cases of commutation and parole, and criminal cases that are not suitable for offline trial for other special reasons. This not only means the integration of blockchain technology and litigation rules, but also further expands the development path of blockchain judicial model.The "Opinions on Strengthening the Judicial Application of Blockchain" issued by the Supreme People’s Court on May 23, 2022 clarified the overall goal and technical roadmap; On December 9, the Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Standardizing and Strengthening the Judicial Application of Artificial Intelligence was issued, which clearly pointed out that the construction and integration of judicial database, data service platform, judicial knowledge base, artificial intelligence engine, knowledge service platform and judicial blockchain platform should be accelerated.

Coincidentally, in the Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s "Deepening Design Plan of the Rule of Law Informatization Project (2022-2025)", it is clear that the procuratorial organs will explore the following application scenarios for the blockchain as a supporting platform: the tamper-proof function based on the blockchain is used for obtaining and storing evidence in public interest litigation; Based on blockchain+privacy computing, data sharing between judicial organs is realized; Electronic pledge exchange based on intelligent contract ensures the consistency of information on and off the chain; It is suitable for the compliance information platform of the enterprises involved, and solves the integrity and consistency of the data exchanged among many subjects; Internet marking based on blockchain and so on.

In terms of blockchain empowerment early warning, in July 2021, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Strictly Cracking down on Securities Illegal Activities according to Law, pointing out that it is necessary to enrich securities law enforcement means, effectively use big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technologies, establish a monitoring and early warning system for the securities and futures market, build a modern supervision and law enforcement model supported by science and technology, improve the efficiency of supervision and law enforcement, strengthen the investigation and early warning of serious illegal hidden dangers, and achieve effective prevention, timely discovery and detection.

In this context, the author co-authored this book with Li Wei engineers, which is a combing and preliminary discussion of China’s scheme of blockchain judicial application, with the aim of attracting jade and promoting the development of blockchain justice. This book has four characteristics.

The first is the organic integration of technology and law. This book is made up of a doctor of law and a doctor of engineering. The repeated discussions during the author’s writing are actually the collision process between judicial principles and blockchain technology principles, and the integration process of legal rules and technical rules. The mutual "chain" ecology of blockchain judicial shaping involves not only litigation procedures and evidence systems, but also the industry and technical standards of blockchain. It pays attention to the benign interaction between technology and law, and the judicial map of blockchain is gradually improved in "self-creation".

Second, this book belongs to the field of law. In recent years, domain law, as a new paradigm of legal research, has been continuously concerned by legal theorists. It has the functions of breaking through disciplinary barriers, diluting the color of departmental legislation and effectively solving emerging social problems. The research content of this book covers two dimensions: the basic principle of blockchain technology and the basic theoretical system of blockchain justice. The former includes the internal structure and external technical advantages of blockchain, the historical evolution and contemporary prediction of blockchain technology; The latter includes the concept of blockchain justice, the background of blockchain justice, the characteristics and value of blockchain justice, the types of blockchain justice, the justice theory of blockchain justice, and the evaluation elements of "chain justice".

Third, this book is based on the dual frontier issues of digital technology and the rule of law. According to the definition of Wikipedia, Web3.0 is a brand-new Internet iteration direction based on blockchain technology, which combines the concepts of decentralization and token economics. The vision of Web3.0 is that every Internet user can master his digital identity, assets and data, and then master his own destiny in the Internet age. With the development of blockchain, digital assets and other industries, the era of web3.0 with blockchain as the underlying architecture is gradually gradual. On April 11th, 2023, the Hong Kong Web3.0 Association was formally established. As a cross-industry and non-profit organization, the Association aims to respond to the call of the state and the Hong Kong SAR government and promote the construction of the "third generation Internet" ecological environment of the digital new world Web3.0 in Hong Kong. Li Jiachao, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, said at the inauguration ceremony that the development of Web3.0 is at a golden starting point. This subversive technology can change many original business operation modes and create more new opportunities. From the legal point of view, blockchain justice is the rule of law application scene of Web3.0 technology, and its position in the digital rule of law system will become increasingly prominent.

Fourth, this book is dedicated to "making blockchain technology R&D personnel and judicial professionals understand and gain". As a cross-border work combining law and technology, in view of the difference in knowledge structure between legal persons and technicians, this book is easy to fall into the dilemma of "being ungrateful at both ends". In order to avoid this embarrassment, in terms of text expression and principle explanation, we adhere to the idea of "easy to understand, rich in text and pictures", and express some key blockchain judicial application modes in visual ways such as charts, which is convenient for readers to read.

The traditional internet justice presents many limitations in the current digital age, and it also highlights many advantages of blockchain justice. Of course, there are still many problems in blockchain justice, both in terms of theoretical system and system construction. For example, how to effectively eliminate the limitations of blockchain technology itself? As a master of various technologies, there must be corresponding technical cost problems in blockchain justice. What kind of "blockchain+"model should be chosen to achieve the balance of cost and benefit in combination with specific judicial application scenarios? For another example, the distributed justice theory of blockchain justice mentioned in the book is limited to the macro framework analysis, how to refine it into a practical evaluation standard in the future, and what is the relationship between it and technical due process, and how to achieve the synergy and balance between "technical governance" and "governance technology", and so on. Solving the above problems requires the cooperation of legal and digital technology experts. At the same time, we also look forward to a wider discussion between academic circles and practical departments on the theme of judicial model in the era of web3.0.

In the process of writing the book, Kuang Lizhong, senior vice president of Hangzhou Fun Chain Technology Co., Ltd., He Dongmei, executive vice president of Chongqing Advanced Blockchain Research Institute, and researchers Wu Jun and Fang Boyu provided a lot of information and academic suggestions on blockchain technology issues, and at the same time produced a series of blockchain judicial model flowcharts, which are hereby thanked.

Li Wei, Ma Mingliang

May 6, 2023

New book express

Justice on the Chain: China’s Scheme of Blockchain Justice

By Ma Mingliang Li Wei

Published in October 2023 /79.00 yuan

ISBN 978-7-5228-1813-9

About the author:

Ma Mingliang, doctor of law in Peking University, is currently a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Investigation College of the People’s Public Security University of China, vice president of the Institute of Social Governance and Corporate Compliance, a third-class police superintendent, an expert at the Public Security University Sub-center of the National New Crime Research Center, a member of the Criminal Investigation System Professional Committee of the China Criminal Procedure Law Research Association, and a director of the china law society Police Law Research Association. His research fields are criminal procedure law, evidence law, economic crime investigation, and judicial application of information technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain.

Li Wei, PhD, Senior Engineer, School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University. Member of china computer federation Blockchain Professional Committee, member of National Blockchain and Distributed Accounting Technology Standardization Technical Committee, founder and CEO of Fun Chain Technology. Director of China Young Entrepreneurs Association, executive member of Zhejiang Federation of Industry and Commerce, vice president of Zhejiang Blockchain Technology Application Association, and president of Chongqing Advanced Blockchain Research Institute.

Contents of this book:

The first chapter is the principle of blockchain technology, China policy and legislation.

Chapter 1 Framework and Logic of Blockchain

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

What is a blockchain?

Second blockchain: a master of various technologies

Third, the technical charm of blockchain: the value of blockchain to data

Four "thousands of people and thousands of faces" blockchain: category analysis

5. Architecture evolution of blockchain: from currency, finance to society

Six Web3.0 era with blockchain as the underlying architecture

Chapter 2 China policy and legislation of blockchain technology.

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A pedigree of policy support and legal regulation

Second, the policy of blockchain technology innovation and application

Third, the policy and law of blockchain technical standards

The position, system and path of blockchain technology governance

Chapter 3 Industrial Ecology of Blockchain: Towards "Trust Chain" and "Cooperation Chain"

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A pilot application of blooming everywhere: Metauniverse and NFT

Second, the blockchain brings opportunities for the change of supervision methods.

Triple alliance chain and private chain will become the mainstream application direction.

The second chapter explores the application of blockchain technology in the judicial field

Chapter 4 "Blockchain Policing Mode" of Blockchain and Digital Policing

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A blockchain investigation platform involving virtual currency crimes

Second, the criminal justice alliance chain with public security organs as nodes

Three inter-departmental and inter-regional police cooperation chains

4. Crime prevention system based on blockchain

Fifth, the prospect of "blockchain policing" in China

Chapter 5 "Blockchain Prosecution Mode" of Blockchain+Digital Prosecution

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

1. Case-like supervision based on blockchain

Second, digital supervision of non-detainees based on blockchain

3. Community Correction System Based on Blockchain 1

4. Blockchain-based information handling platform for commutation and parole

Application of Blockchain Technology in Public Interest Litigation

Prospect of Six Blockchains Assisting Digital Prosecution

Chapter 6 "Blockchain Court Mode" of Blockchain+Smart Court

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A blockchain boosts smart trials: "Let trusted data run more"

Second, blockchain promotes smart litigation services.

Three blockchain boosts smart execution

Four Blockchains Boost the Management of Smart Courts

5. Future Prospect of Blockchain Court

Chapter 7 Blockchain+"Blockchain Rule of Law Mode" of Judicial Administrative Organs

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A blockchain-based administrative law enforcement supervision

Second, supervision of penalty execution based on blockchain

Third, notarization based on blockchain

4. Judicial expertise based on blockchain

Fifth, people’s mediation based on blockchain

6. Popularizing Law Based on Blockchain

7. Future prospect

The third chapter is blockchain justice and "chain justice"

Chapter 8 The Rise of Blockchain Justice

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

The connotation and technical framework of blockchain justice

Second, the germinal logic of blockchain justice

Third, the value of blockchain justice

Chapter 9 "Justice on the Chain": Evaluation System and Challenges

Main purpose of this chapter

Introduction 298

Evaluation criteria and determinants of judicial justice

Second, the historical iteration of procedural justice theory

Third, the evaluation elements of "chain justice": technical, legal and social value elements

Four "justice on the chain" challenges

Chapter 10 Systematic preparation of "chain justice": judicial system reconstruction and technical governance

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

1. Remodeling of judicial ideas and procedural mechanisms

Second, the top-level design of technical governance of judicial blockchain

Third, the construction of technical standards for judicial blockchain

Fourth, the technical algorithm regulation of judicial blockchain

Fifth, the construction of technical safety evaluation and evaluation system of judicial blockchain

Sixth, the ethical risk norms of judicial blockchain

Conclusion The China Promotion Path of Blockchain Justice

Main purpose of this chapter

Top-level design: development goals and technical roadmap

Second, basic preparation: the compound talent pool of blockchain technology and justice

Third, the promotion strategy and research and development focus

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Reprinted from: Guan Guan

Original title: "New Book |" Chain Justice: China’s Program of Blockchain Justice "

　　Cctv newsAfter more than three months of truce, the 2019 Super League will officially start tomorrow.

According to the schedule announced by China Football Association, the first round of the 2019 Super League will officially start on March 1st. In the first round, the defending champion Shanghai will play against Shanghai Shenhua in the same city derby. The opening ceremony of this season will be held in Shenzhen on March 2, which is also the time for Shenzhen team to return to the Super League after seven years. This season, their home stadium will be the Longgang Universiade Center Stadium, which once hosted the Shenzhen Universiade.

Celnas, a player of Shenzhen Kaisa Football Club.When we were in France, we were all good players and trained well, but obviously we trained harder here, which surprised me a little. If we can keep it up, I believe we will give many surprises to the fans.

In 2019, the China national team will participate in the 3rd China Cup soccer tournament, the top 40 FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 qualifiers in 2022, and the China Olympic team will participate in the Tokyo Olympic qualifiers and other competitions, so that the Super League will have a total of five offseason periods this season, and the final round will be held on December 1st. The nine-month schedule has also created the history of the Super League since its establishment.

Li Yuyi, Vice Chairman of China Football AssociationWe put forward three sentences: to make the league more exciting, the second sentence to make the club develop healthier, and the third sentence to improve the level of the national team more effectively. These three things are the long-term and foundation of the development of football in China.

On the evening of October 7th, Stefanie took a photo with Han Hong and wrote: "I came to Brother Han’s concert as a guest today. A series of things delayed two flights, but I think, as a friend, I will! Must! Arrive! Speaking of teacher Han, everyone is no stranger. On the road of public welfare, she always illuminates others without hesitation. After years of concern, I also support her foundation with the happiest mood. Although! There are not millions, but every thought can only convey more love because of the support of fans. Today, I want to tell Brother Han that you don’t know how great you are! Congratulations on a successful performance. "

　　[Editor’s note] When you are old! How would you choose to spend the rest of your life? Is it with your children to enjoy the "family" of "raising children to prevent old age"? Or would you rather live alone, endure or enjoy the loneliness of being infinitely magnified? Or, pour your life savings and try your luck in a nursing home? It’s late in Sang Yu, but it’s sunny in the world. Such multiple-choice questions will be placed in front of us sooner or later.

　　CCTV News (Reporter Li Shanshan):Autumn in Beijing is a little cool. After 10 o’clock in the morning, the community gradually became lively, and the benches next to the flower beds were filled by the elderly. Some are alone, sitting quietly, not knowing what they are thinking; Some take toddlers, children walk unsteadily, and the old man follows nervously; Some are sitting in wheelchairs, with bright eyes, welcoming the warm autumn sun in the implementation of nanny.

　　People will be old, but when they are not old, who can think of what it means to be old?

　　"You must have a nest when you are old."

　　Aunt Li Zhanying is an "old Beijing" and knows this neighborhood best. There are several old people in the community, which old people live alone, which old people are lonely, and which old people have recently arrived. She is very clear.

　　After lunch, Aunt Li took a CCTV reporter to knock on a family on the 28th floor in the community. After waiting for nearly a minute, a pair of hands with distinct joints opened the door, and the room was dark without turning on the light. The old man walked slowly and turned on the light, which lit up her slightly sparse hair — — More white, less black.

　　Then, a hoarse voice like erhu came from the back room and called us to sit down. Wearing a navy cashmere sweater with a pink shirt shows the special spirit of Uncle Li Shengchun. The neatly combed hair was carried back, revealing a wrinkled forehead.

　　Uncle Li Shengchun is 82 years old and his wife Aunt Xu Ruimin is 83 years old.

　　Pictures of Uncle Li when he was young.

　　In 1962, Uncle Li was assigned to the Second Nuclear Hospital of Beijing. Since then, he has been engaged in military nuclear engineering for almost a lifetime, and also participated in part of the design of the first atomic bomb supporting project. When he retired in 2005, he was rehired to Tsinghua University Nuclear Energy Institute. He officially retired seven years ago (in 2012, at the age of 75), and it was from then on that Uncle Li and his wife lived a solitary life.

　　At that time, there was no elevator in the old community where they lived. "It takes more than ten minutes to climb to the fourth floor, at least three or four times to rest." Uncle Li’s slightly vicissitudes of life drew a picture in front of him. "You can crawl step by step, occasionally, but you have to buy food every day!"　

　　The old couple have two sons who haven’t retired. One lives in the northern suburb and the other lives in Shunyi, each with a child who goes to school. "It takes more than an hour to drive. If there is a traffic jam, it will take four or five hours to go back and forth."

　　If you don’t come, you will think about it. If you come, you will be in trouble. This has always been a struggle for the old couple. "There is no place to park. When cooking, where is the soy sauce bottle and where is the vinegar? A lot of things! You have to do it yourself when you leave the sanitation! " I couldn’t bear to let my son, who was still at work, toss and turn, and the old couple didn’t ask them to come over for nothing.

　　I have never lived with my son, but my living habits are different. My son Aika, dances and drinks at night. "Do you say not to let them make trouble?" It is acceptable to celebrate the Chinese New Year occasionally, but you should be cautious when you go to your son to support the elderly. Uncle Li cleared his hoarse throat. "You must have a nest when you are old!"

　　Two years ago, Uncle Li sold his old house and moved to this community with an elevator. When I was in college, Uncle Li was a member of the Art Troupe and could play many kinds of musical instruments: piano, accordion, clarinet … … I also performed in the Great Hall of the People, "but now I am old and my voice is broken." There is a piano covered with white gauze on the left side of the door. When he is physically strong, Uncle Li is sitting in front of the piano and playing the piano for his granddaughter.

　　In the fairly neat living room, there are all kinds of medicines that can’t be named in a striking place. Uncle Li suffers from diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia … … There are five heart stents on him. My wife’s health is even worse. "Ten years of herpes zoster has been painful. I can’t even take a shower by myself. What I can do is dress and walk slowly. It’s okay to go to the toilet, but cooking is basically difficult, so you should eat Chinese medicine often. "

　　Why not hire a nanny?

　　Uncle Li has a bad feeling in his heart. "It’s not angry to spend money! Dare not say, dare not move, easily leave, easily quit … …” However, this is just one of the reasons why the old couple don’t hire nannies.

　　Image source vision china

　　The old couple have to sleep separately at night because of neurasthenia. If you sleep together, one person wakes up, and the other person won’t want to sleep all night, which affects each other. It turned out that when they were in the old house, two people just informed each other by knocking on the wall. When something happened, they rushed over. "If you hear it, you will hurry over. If you can’t hear it, it will be hopeless."

　　Now the old couple live in two big houses, one of which is occupied by one person. "Where do you live when you hire a nanny?" I wanted to turn this house into a single room, but when I thought of starting work, Uncle Li gave up. "Have to find someone! Who put you back? I don’t have that energy! " Uncle Li sighed softly.

　　Taking care of their daily life is all the old couple have every day. Walking in the house, one step should be replaced by two steps to prevent all the possibility of falling! "If you are tired, rest. If you don’t want to do it, put it there. Sometimes the house is dirty, so bear with it!"

　　Old age, empty nest, disability and dementia … … In recent years, these keywords have entered the public’s field of vision more and more frequently, attracting people’s attention. Wang Jianjun, executive deputy director of the National Office for Ageing, once said that it is estimated that by 2050, the elderly population in China will reach a peak of 487 million, accounting for 34.9% of the total population, and there will be one elderly person in every 2.87 people.

　　"Little old man" helps "old man"

　　In old age, people can’t help themselves.

　　Two years ago, Uncle Li just came to this community for a short time, and there was no electricity at home. The two of them plugged in the electric card with the lights dark, but they didn’t know to close the switch. As a result, they didn’t wash their feet or face, so they made do for a night. The next morning, they met Aunt Li Zhanying and found a property to solve the problem.

　　Aunt Li is 69 years old. She lives next door to Uncle Li and lives alone with her wife. Aunt Li has a son. When I earned more than 30 yuan a month, I couldn’t afford to support two children. Later, I lived comfortably, and the family planning policy was implemented, and I didn’t want any more children.

　　"The biggest difficulty in the life of the elderly is spiritual loneliness. They don’t lack money, they don’t lack things, what they lack is care, care, attention and care. Someone has to pay attention to him, and no one will ignore him. " Among the old people in the same community, Aunt Li is positive and enthusiastic.

　　Aunt Li participates in community activities.

　　After retirement, Aunt Li began to pick up various hobbies: singing, dancing, practicing calligraphy, playing Tai Chi … … I didn’t like ancient poetry before, but now I’m starting to study it. When there are activities for the elderly, Aunt Li will also write songs, print lyrics for everyone to distribute, organize activities, and contact … … From Monday to Friday, Aunt Li’s retirement is busier than going to work.

　　"Pension is really a big problem. You tie your child with you, and the child is too bitter!" Although Aunt Li is young, there are many senile diseases: hypertension, diabetes and asthma … … In order not to drag down her son, Aunt Li usually pays special attention to health preservation and prepares the Compendium of Materia Medica. Just look at it if you have nothing to do. "Try to make your body better, you can take care of yourself and don’t bother others."

　　Three years ago, the neighborhood committee organized volunteers to give two-to-one guidance to the elderly with difficulties. Aunt Li decisively signed up. At present, all the old people involved in the matching in the community are led by Aunt Li. They are called "little old people" to take care of the "old people". The elderly who volunteer are not less than 55 years old, and the elderly who are served range from 80 to 100 years old.

　　After Aunt Li learned about Uncle Li’s family, she took the lead to help the two old people match. Because I live close, it is often Aunt Li who helps me solve the problem.

　　More than two months ago, Uncle Li’s wife was weak and had night sweats. She needed to see Chinese medicine. On the first day, she saw a doctor and took medicine the next day. It is difficult for uncle Li to run back and forth alone, let alone bring his wife.

　　After Aunt Li knew about it, she borrowed a wheelchair from the neighborhood committee, and pushed an old man of more than 90 kilograms to catch a bus to see a doctor every day, and went to the hospital for two stops for more than a month.

　　"It’s really urgent, you can call your son to come over, but it’s not very urgent, such as taking medicine for temporary illness, running out of medicine at home or missing it, and running out of gas … … It is still necessary to rely on neighbors and community neighborhood committees to help. " Uncle Li told the CCTV reporter that now there is a "small dining table" in the community, and it is really difficult to cook, so I will go downstairs to buy some, and if not, I can order takeout, so that the problem of eating will be solved.

　　"Little old people" volunteers will call the paired "old people" every week to ask what is going on. "Everything is fine, just fine!" If the "old man" needs anything, such as finding an hourly worker, taking care of him in hospital, and running out of cold medicine at home, he will also call volunteers for help.

　　Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival … … Volunteers will also invite old people out to participate in activities. "What the elderly fear most is loneliness, and loneliness is more terrible than poverty." Aunt Li said.

　　In order to alleviate the loneliness in his later years, Uncle Li learned WeChat, video with his sons and granddaughters when he missed them, and get together with old colleagues and classmates two or three times a year.

　　Grow old with dignity

　　Grandpa Han is one of the 90-year-old people in this community. Last Spring Festival, his wife passed away. Before his wife died, the only daughter found a villa-style nursing home for her parents. Before going to the nursing home, Grandpa Han said to Aunt Li, "I’ll try it first, but I’ll come back if it’s not good." As a result, he came back in a month.

　　Uncle Li has also considered living in a nursing home and seen several, but he feels it is difficult to find a clean and suitable one. "It’s not there yet." The key is that my sons don’t agree to go to nursing homes. "There are children and women, so what nursing homes are there!"

　　"A sense of security, a sense of dependence, a sense of happiness and a sense of security for the elderly", China has set up a characteristic old-age service system in China, which is based on home, supported by community, supplemented by institutions and combined with medical care. As an important part of the old-age service system, home-based care for the elderly has become an important part of meeting the needs of a large number of elderly groups, and the community plays a vital role as a support.

　　He Ying is a community worker in this community. She has been engaged in community work for at least 10 years before. She told CCTV reporters: "Community pension is actually a very humanized way of providing for the aged. It combines the advantages of family pension and institutional pension, which not only enables the elderly to provide for the aged nearby, but also has more sense of belonging. However, there will be many problems in actual operation, such as volunteers accompanying them to the hospital for medical treatment, community hospitals are fine, and there will be many people going to large hospitals.

　　In the community where He Ying lived before, there was a 90-year-old man with a big hip fracture in the bathroom, and the community staff helped him to the hospital. The old man had to undergo surgery, but his children were abroad, so volunteers could not sign it, and no one could perform surgery without signing it. Finally, the director of the old man’s unit signed it, and it was delayed for more than a day. The old man wore a splint for three months and died that year.

　　"What the community and volunteers can do is still limited. Old people who can’t take care of themselves especially need family or professional escort. Some old people can’t go downstairs, and the community can deliver meals, and one to two pairs are ok. If many old people need corresponding institutions, social groups or enterprise organizations, they need to improve their hardware, equipment and systems. In addition, the elderly actually need spiritual companionship more than material needs. How to make the elderly live happier and happier in the community still needs to be explored by the whole society. " He Ying said.

　　"Something similar to a pager can be installed between the paired old people or the property." Aunt Li suggested that because the elderly often get sick at night, they can get timely help when they are in trouble, especially at night, when most people are asleep and there will be someone on duty in the property.

　　Old people are afraid of loneliness and harassment. How to make the elderly feel comfortable while getting help?

　　"It is particularly appropriate to speak. You can’t put yourself on the top and front of these things, and others can be the core." Aunt Li is an old man herself, so it is particularly easy to understand the mood of the old man.

　　In Aunt Li’s home, her own calligraphy works are hung on the walls and doors of the living room. She has a simple wish, that is, to let the elderly living in the community live better and better, live longer and live with dignity.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, He Ying is a pseudonym in the article. )

　　Cherry, the "star fruit" of the season, was on the hot search on January 5, and the price of delicious cherries was reduced, which brought good news to foodies. On January 6, the reporter visited some farmers’ markets and fruit shops in Nanning and learned that the price of cherries plummeted by half in one month. Some wholesalers said that the price of cherries may drop after a while.

　　Some stall owners specially put cherries in a pyramid-shaped stack, each with green slender stems, full flesh, crisp, sweet and juicy, which attracted the attention of many consumers.

　　At noon on the 6th, the reporter came to the fruit area of the farmer’s market in Dancun, Nanning, and saw that cherries were sold in many stalls. In the middle of last month, cherries were still hard to find in the market, and now cherries are placed in the C position. Xiao Li, a citizen of Nanning, is shopping for cherries in front of the stall. She told reporters that she likes eating cherries very much. Some time ago, she only saw cherries sold in large supermarkets, and the price per catty was close to that of 120 yuan, which made her feel too expensive. "Now cherries are sold in the vegetable market, and the price has dropped to 60 yuan per catty. It is very cost-effective to eat cherries now!"

　　Ms. Wei, the owner of a fruit stall, said: "When cherries were just listed, they were sold from 100 yuan to 120 yuan per catty, and the price was too expensive, so we didn’t dare to buy them. It was not until the end of last month that I bought the cherries and sold them back. Recently, the number of people who bought them gradually increased and the sales volume increased. "

　　The reporter noticed that the price of cherries in the whole farmer’s market in Dancun is a little larger than that in 65 yuan per catty, and a little smaller than that in 60 yuan per catty, mainly from Chile.

　　According to the reporter’s visit to a number of fruit shops in Jiangnan District, it is known that cherries are basically seen in every fruit shop, and the price is mainly based on the size of the head. The price of a larger one is 60 yuan, and the price of a smaller one is 55 yuan.

　　Compared with physical stores, the price of online shopping cherries has also dropped. In a fresh online shopping platform, a variety of cherries are marked with "price reduction". For example, the price of a gift box with a net weight of 2 kg of 3J pure fruit is 139 yuan, which is equivalent to 69.5 yuan a catty.

　　It is understood that most of the cherries currently on sale in the market are from Chile. They were listed at the end of November last year and will generally last until March this year. However, most local cherries in China grow in the Bohai Rim region, and the listing time is from the end of April to mid-August.

　　Why did the price of cherries drop? According to Mr. Huang, a local cherry wholesaler in Nanning, "The earliest cherries were shipped by air, and the price was really expensive. Later, they arrived by sea one after another. Recently, the price of cherries has really dropped a lot, because the volume of imports has increased recently, so there is a trend of price reduction." According to reports, there are also cherries from Chile to Hong Kong by sea in the later period, and it is expected that the price will drop after January 10.

　　Compared with previous years, the price reduction of cherries this year is very large. "It can be said that it is a’ cliff-like’ price reduction. In previous years, it has been steadily declining, and this year is a bit fierce." With the rapid increase of imported cherries entering the market, citizens can eat cherries at a price close to the people and realize the freedom of "star fruit".

　　END

　　From | Nanning Evening News Nanning Bao News Client reporter Li Zhaoqi Wen/map