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Blockchain is known as the technology that is most likely to trigger a wave of technological revolution after steam engine, electricity, information and Internet technology. Monitoring supply chain, audit trail, drug monitoring, data sharing, copyright and royalties, tax supervision, equity transactions, etc., blockchain has brought subversive influence in many scenarios, triggering a series of industry changes and business innovations. As a brand-new information infrastructure, blockchain has brought brand-new technical solutions to integrate data elements and improve productivity, and has also refreshed people’s traditional cognition of social governance and brought developmental changes to the evolution of production relations.

In this context, the blockchain justice generated by the collision and integration of blockchain and Internet justice will surely leave a strong impression in the historical process of the judicial system. As a digital justice in the era of WEB3.0, its concept of distributed justice will not only enrich the technical due process system, but also make due contributions to realizing the interconnection of digital values, reconstructing the pattern of social trust and driving the Chinese modernization leading digital justice.

Towards a higher level of digital justice;

When internet justice meets blockchain

(self-sequence)

With the gradual digitalization of society, the concept and practice of "technology+"have all profoundly influenced and even reshaped the traditional judicial ecology. The dislocation between traditional judicial mechanism and practical exploration has set off a research wave of "information technology+legal system", and blockchain justice is one of the highlights.

Intuitively speaking, blockchain technology is a scheme to collectively maintain a reliable database through decentralization and distrust. It originated from the paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System published by Satoshi Nakamoto in November 2008. This paper first puts forward the concept of bitcoin, a decentralized cryptocurrency, and blockchain is its underlying supporting technology. With the further development of Bitcoin, the technical advantages of blockchain are prominent, and it has gradually become a more widely used technology.

From the technical characteristics, blockchain is not only a technological innovation, but its deep application in other fields also means a change in governance: it is expected to develop into a new information infrastructure to realize value interconnection, thus reconstructing the social trust pattern. This will lead to changes in the industry and give birth to new formats, which will bring about changes in trust methods and cooperation mechanisms, and is recognized as having subversive influence in many scenarios. As a result, blockchain technology is known as the most potential technology that can trigger the fifth subversive revolutionary wave after steam engine, electric power, information and Internet technology. The scientific and technological circles generally believe that the combination with information technology such as artificial intelligence makes blockchain technology have five characteristics and functions: the security function of resisting attacks based on cryptographic technology; Trusted function based on non-tampering and information transparency; Auditable and supervisory functions based on full traceability; Highly automated function based on blockchain smart contract; Data security and privacy protection function based on blockchain and privacy computing.

The blockchain industry can be divided into two major areas: chain circle and currency circle. The "chain circle" mainly focuses on topics such as the development of the underlying technology of blockchain and the landing of application scenarios, and pays attention to the impact and subversion of blockchain as a technology and ecology on the future. The "currency circle" focuses on various digital tokens, virtual tokens and cryptocurrencies, focusing on the appreciation or depreciation of tokens, the increase or decrease of positions, and the heavy position or clearance. At present, the attitude of the state towards the two is quite different, and the issue of digital assets trading including virtual currency in the "currency circle" is strictly controlled. For example, in view of the fact that the speculation of virtual currency transactions will disrupt the economic and financial order, breed illegal and criminal activities such as gambling, illegal fund-raising, fraud, pyramid selling and money laundering, and seriously endanger the property safety of the people, on September 24, 2021, the People’s Bank of China and other ten departments issued the Notice on Further Preventing and Handling the Speculation Risks of Virtual Currency Transactions, clarifying that it is illegal for overseas virtual currency exchanges to provide services to residents in China through the Internet, and financial institutions and non-bank payment institutions may not provide services related to virtual currency. Article 25 of the Anti-Telecommunication Network Fraud Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was passed in the NPC Standing Committee on September 2, 2022, clearly stipulates that no unit or individual is allowed to help others to launder money through virtual currency transactions. In view of the endless criminal acts involving "new investment methods" such as the meta-universe,On February 18th, 2022, the Office of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on Handling Illegal Fund-raising in China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China issued "Risk Tips on Preventing Illegal Fund-raising in the Name of" Meta Universe ",focusing on the methods and risks of suspected illegal fund-raising and fraud activities in the name of" Meta Universe ". On April 13th, 2022, China Internet Finance Association, China Banking Association and China Securities Association jointly issued the "Initiative on Preventing NFT-related Financial Risks", demanding that the tendency of NFT (non-homogeneous token) financial securitization be resolutely curbed and the risks of illegal financial activities be strictly prevented.

For the application of blockchain technology, China strongly supports it at the policy level. In the chapter of "Accelerating Digital Development and Building Digital China" in the National Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, blockchain is listed as one of the seven key industries of digital economy in the Tenth Five-Year Plan and has become an important carrier for developing digital economy and building digital China. In recent years, with the continuous release of policy dividends, China’s blockchain technology application and industrial ecology have accelerated evolution, and the blockchain and the real economy have accelerated integration, which has strongly supported the country’s major strategies, and its application boundaries have been continuously expanded, and its value has been continuously reflected in key areas such as smart agriculture, judicial deposit, epidemic prevention and control, digital government, and the realization of "peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutrality" and other national major strategies, providing a new driving force for digital transformation of various industries.

The rise of digital court, digital prosecution and digital public security indicates that the era of intelligent justice based on internet technology is coming quietly. The traditional Internet technology, like "Sword of Damocles", not only realizes the function of efficient and convenient output, but also has its own technical hidden dangers, which presents three problems in practice. (1) The hidden trouble of automation of digital technology. The judicial automation brought by digital technology not only improves judicial efficiency and saves judicial cost, but also weakens the antagonism of litigation, reduces the efficiency of judicial review in the process of litigation, and squeezes the protection of individual litigation rights. (2) The credibility of data information "running" on the Internet. For example, big data mining based on artificial intelligence makes the forensic ability of judicial organs increase exponentially, but it also brings the possibility that the information involved is technically edited or forged, which in turn leads to the crisis of judicial trust in the digital age. (3) Data security under the background of Internet technology. Different judicial departments and third-party institutions are prone to "information islands" and "data barriers" due to security concerns such as information leakage and tampering, which greatly hinders the formation of the judicial big data ecosystem in practice.

Blockchain technology can achieve "trusted collaboration" through consensus algorithm, smart contract, governance, cross-chain, privacy computing, etc., thus solving the trust and security problems in information exchange and sharing. Therefore, the four core technologies of blockchain (distributed ledger technology, consensus mechanism, smart contract and cryptography technology) and their technical advantages can effectively alleviate the aforementioned hidden dangers, make up for the technical shortcomings of Internet justice, and fill the gaps in digital justice.

In view of this, in judicial practice, the depth and breadth of the combination of blockchain technology and Internet judicial system are constantly expanding, and the rise and popularity of online litigation has made it "a hundred feet, a step further". Since 2017, China’s judicial practice departments have explored the integration of blockchain technology in many fields, and the pedigree of blockchain justice has gradually become complete, such as "judicial deposit" chain, "judicial appraisal" chain, "judicial notarization" chain, "judicial chain intelligent contract" to enhance the binding force and execution of pre-litigation mediation agreement, and "blockchain legal service" chain of local judicial departments and bureaus. In addition to the promotion of courts and judicial administrative organs, enterprises and research institutions are also exploring application scenarios. For example, the China Business Federation issued the "Blockchain Electronic Contract Process Specification" in 2021. Among them, the landmark norm is the Online Litigation Rules of the People’s Court, which was implemented in the Supreme People’s Court on August 1, 2021. It first stipulated the scope of validity of blockchain deposit, and clarified the validity of the data stored in blockchain after it was uploaded. At the same time, the authenticity audit rules of blockchain storage data after and before uploading are established. Since then, blockchain evidence and its rule system have taken shape. Of course, the scope of applicable cases is not limited to civil and administrative litigation cases, but also includes criminal cases of quick adjudication procedures, cases of commutation and parole, and criminal cases that are not suitable for offline trial for other special reasons. This not only means the integration of blockchain technology and litigation rules, but also further expands the development path of blockchain judicial model.The "Opinions on Strengthening the Judicial Application of Blockchain" issued by the Supreme People’s Court on May 23, 2022 clarified the overall goal and technical roadmap; On December 9, the Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Standardizing and Strengthening the Judicial Application of Artificial Intelligence was issued, which clearly pointed out that the construction and integration of judicial database, data service platform, judicial knowledge base, artificial intelligence engine, knowledge service platform and judicial blockchain platform should be accelerated.

Coincidentally, in the Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s "Deepening Design Plan of the Rule of Law Informatization Project (2022-2025)", it is clear that the procuratorial organs will explore the following application scenarios for the blockchain as a supporting platform: the tamper-proof function based on the blockchain is used for obtaining and storing evidence in public interest litigation; Based on blockchain+privacy computing, data sharing between judicial organs is realized; Electronic pledge exchange based on intelligent contract ensures the consistency of information on and off the chain; It is suitable for the compliance information platform of the enterprises involved, and solves the integrity and consistency of the data exchanged among many subjects; Internet marking based on blockchain and so on.

In terms of blockchain empowerment early warning, in July 2021, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Strictly Cracking down on Securities Illegal Activities according to Law, pointing out that it is necessary to enrich securities law enforcement means, effectively use big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technologies, establish a monitoring and early warning system for the securities and futures market, build a modern supervision and law enforcement model supported by science and technology, improve the efficiency of supervision and law enforcement, strengthen the investigation and early warning of serious illegal hidden dangers, and achieve effective prevention, timely discovery and detection.

In this context, the author co-authored this book with Li Wei engineers, which is a combing and preliminary discussion of China’s scheme of blockchain judicial application, with the aim of attracting jade and promoting the development of blockchain justice. This book has four characteristics.

The first is the organic integration of technology and law. This book is made up of a doctor of law and a doctor of engineering. The repeated discussions during the author’s writing are actually the collision process between judicial principles and blockchain technology principles, and the integration process of legal rules and technical rules. The mutual "chain" ecology of blockchain judicial shaping involves not only litigation procedures and evidence systems, but also the industry and technical standards of blockchain. It pays attention to the benign interaction between technology and law, and the judicial map of blockchain is gradually improved in "self-creation".

Second, this book belongs to the field of law. In recent years, domain law, as a new paradigm of legal research, has been continuously concerned by legal theorists. It has the functions of breaking through disciplinary barriers, diluting the color of departmental legislation and effectively solving emerging social problems. The research content of this book covers two dimensions: the basic principle of blockchain technology and the basic theoretical system of blockchain justice. The former includes the internal structure and external technical advantages of blockchain, the historical evolution and contemporary prediction of blockchain technology; The latter includes the concept of blockchain justice, the background of blockchain justice, the characteristics and value of blockchain justice, the types of blockchain justice, the justice theory of blockchain justice, and the evaluation elements of "chain justice".

Third, this book is based on the dual frontier issues of digital technology and the rule of law. According to the definition of Wikipedia, Web3.0 is a brand-new Internet iteration direction based on blockchain technology, which combines the concepts of decentralization and token economics. The vision of Web3.0 is that every Internet user can master his digital identity, assets and data, and then master his own destiny in the Internet age. With the development of blockchain, digital assets and other industries, the era of web3.0 with blockchain as the underlying architecture is gradually gradual. On April 11th, 2023, the Hong Kong Web3.0 Association was formally established. As a cross-industry and non-profit organization, the Association aims to respond to the call of the state and the Hong Kong SAR government and promote the construction of the "third generation Internet" ecological environment of the digital new world Web3.0 in Hong Kong. Li Jiachao, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, said at the inauguration ceremony that the development of Web3.0 is at a golden starting point. This subversive technology can change many original business operation modes and create more new opportunities. From the legal point of view, blockchain justice is the rule of law application scene of Web3.0 technology, and its position in the digital rule of law system will become increasingly prominent.

Fourth, this book is dedicated to "making blockchain technology R&D personnel and judicial professionals understand and gain". As a cross-border work combining law and technology, in view of the difference in knowledge structure between legal persons and technicians, this book is easy to fall into the dilemma of "being ungrateful at both ends". In order to avoid this embarrassment, in terms of text expression and principle explanation, we adhere to the idea of "easy to understand, rich in text and pictures", and express some key blockchain judicial application modes in visual ways such as charts, which is convenient for readers to read.

The traditional internet justice presents many limitations in the current digital age, and it also highlights many advantages of blockchain justice. Of course, there are still many problems in blockchain justice, both in terms of theoretical system and system construction. For example, how to effectively eliminate the limitations of blockchain technology itself? As a master of various technologies, there must be corresponding technical cost problems in blockchain justice. What kind of "blockchain+"model should be chosen to achieve the balance of cost and benefit in combination with specific judicial application scenarios? For another example, the distributed justice theory of blockchain justice mentioned in the book is limited to the macro framework analysis, how to refine it into a practical evaluation standard in the future, and what is the relationship between it and technical due process, and how to achieve the synergy and balance between "technical governance" and "governance technology", and so on. Solving the above problems requires the cooperation of legal and digital technology experts. At the same time, we also look forward to a wider discussion between academic circles and practical departments on the theme of judicial model in the era of web3.0.

In the process of writing the book, Kuang Lizhong, senior vice president of Hangzhou Fun Chain Technology Co., Ltd., He Dongmei, executive vice president of Chongqing Advanced Blockchain Research Institute, and researchers Wu Jun and Fang Boyu provided a lot of information and academic suggestions on blockchain technology issues, and at the same time produced a series of blockchain judicial model flowcharts, which are hereby thanked.

Li Wei, Ma Mingliang

May 6, 2023

New book express

Justice on the Chain: China’s Scheme of Blockchain Justice

By Ma Mingliang Li Wei

Published in October 2023 /79.00 yuan

ISBN 978-7-5228-1813-9

About the author:

Ma Mingliang, doctor of law in Peking University, is currently a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Investigation College of the People’s Public Security University of China, vice president of the Institute of Social Governance and Corporate Compliance, a third-class police superintendent, an expert at the Public Security University Sub-center of the National New Crime Research Center, a member of the Criminal Investigation System Professional Committee of the China Criminal Procedure Law Research Association, and a director of the china law society Police Law Research Association. His research fields are criminal procedure law, evidence law, economic crime investigation, and judicial application of information technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain.

Li Wei, PhD, Senior Engineer, School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University. Member of china computer federation Blockchain Professional Committee, member of National Blockchain and Distributed Accounting Technology Standardization Technical Committee, founder and CEO of Fun Chain Technology. Director of China Young Entrepreneurs Association, executive member of Zhejiang Federation of Industry and Commerce, vice president of Zhejiang Blockchain Technology Application Association, and president of Chongqing Advanced Blockchain Research Institute.

Contents of this book:

The first chapter is the principle of blockchain technology, China policy and legislation.

Chapter 1 Framework and Logic of Blockchain

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

What is a blockchain?

Second blockchain: a master of various technologies

Third, the technical charm of blockchain: the value of blockchain to data

Four "thousands of people and thousands of faces" blockchain: category analysis

5. Architecture evolution of blockchain: from currency, finance to society

Six Web3.0 era with blockchain as the underlying architecture

Chapter 2 China policy and legislation of blockchain technology.

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A pedigree of policy support and legal regulation

Second, the policy of blockchain technology innovation and application

Third, the policy and law of blockchain technical standards

The position, system and path of blockchain technology governance

Chapter 3 Industrial Ecology of Blockchain: Towards "Trust Chain" and "Cooperation Chain"

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A pilot application of blooming everywhere: Metauniverse and NFT

Second, the blockchain brings opportunities for the change of supervision methods.

Triple alliance chain and private chain will become the mainstream application direction.

The second chapter explores the application of blockchain technology in the judicial field

Chapter 4 "Blockchain Policing Mode" of Blockchain and Digital Policing

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A blockchain investigation platform involving virtual currency crimes

Second, the criminal justice alliance chain with public security organs as nodes

Three inter-departmental and inter-regional police cooperation chains

4. Crime prevention system based on blockchain

Fifth, the prospect of "blockchain policing" in China

Chapter 5 "Blockchain Prosecution Mode" of Blockchain+Digital Prosecution

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

1. Case-like supervision based on blockchain

Second, digital supervision of non-detainees based on blockchain

3. Community Correction System Based on Blockchain 1

4. Blockchain-based information handling platform for commutation and parole

Application of Blockchain Technology in Public Interest Litigation

Prospect of Six Blockchains Assisting Digital Prosecution

Chapter 6 "Blockchain Court Mode" of Blockchain+Smart Court

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A blockchain boosts smart trials: "Let trusted data run more"

Second, blockchain promotes smart litigation services.

Three blockchain boosts smart execution

Four Blockchains Boost the Management of Smart Courts

5. Future Prospect of Blockchain Court

Chapter 7 Blockchain+"Blockchain Rule of Law Mode" of Judicial Administrative Organs

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

A blockchain-based administrative law enforcement supervision

Second, supervision of penalty execution based on blockchain

Third, notarization based on blockchain

4. Judicial expertise based on blockchain

Fifth, people’s mediation based on blockchain

6. Popularizing Law Based on Blockchain

7. Future prospect

The third chapter is blockchain justice and "chain justice"

Chapter 8 The Rise of Blockchain Justice

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

The connotation and technical framework of blockchain justice

Second, the germinal logic of blockchain justice

Third, the value of blockchain justice

Chapter 9 "Justice on the Chain": Evaluation System and Challenges

Main purpose of this chapter

Introduction 298

Evaluation criteria and determinants of judicial justice

Second, the historical iteration of procedural justice theory

Third, the evaluation elements of "chain justice": technical, legal and social value elements

Four "justice on the chain" challenges

Chapter 10 Systematic preparation of "chain justice": judicial system reconstruction and technical governance

Main purpose of this chapter

introduction

1. Remodeling of judicial ideas and procedural mechanisms

Second, the top-level design of technical governance of judicial blockchain

Third, the construction of technical standards for judicial blockchain

Fourth, the technical algorithm regulation of judicial blockchain

Fifth, the construction of technical safety evaluation and evaluation system of judicial blockchain

Sixth, the ethical risk norms of judicial blockchain

Conclusion The China Promotion Path of Blockchain Justice

Main purpose of this chapter

Top-level design: development goals and technical roadmap

Second, basic preparation: the compound talent pool of blockchain technology and justice

Third, the promotion strategy and research and development focus

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Reprinted from: Guan Guan

Original title: "New Book |" Chain Justice: China’s Program of Blockchain Justice "

　　Cctv newsAfter more than three months of truce, the 2019 Super League will officially start tomorrow.

According to the schedule announced by China Football Association, the first round of the 2019 Super League will officially start on March 1st. In the first round, the defending champion Shanghai will play against Shanghai Shenhua in the same city derby. The opening ceremony of this season will be held in Shenzhen on March 2, which is also the time for Shenzhen team to return to the Super League after seven years. This season, their home stadium will be the Longgang Universiade Center Stadium, which once hosted the Shenzhen Universiade.

Celnas, a player of Shenzhen Kaisa Football Club.When we were in France, we were all good players and trained well, but obviously we trained harder here, which surprised me a little. If we can keep it up, I believe we will give many surprises to the fans.

In 2019, the China national team will participate in the 3rd China Cup soccer tournament, the top 40 FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 qualifiers in 2022, and the China Olympic team will participate in the Tokyo Olympic qualifiers and other competitions, so that the Super League will have a total of five offseason periods this season, and the final round will be held on December 1st. The nine-month schedule has also created the history of the Super League since its establishment.

Li Yuyi, Vice Chairman of China Football AssociationWe put forward three sentences: to make the league more exciting, the second sentence to make the club develop healthier, and the third sentence to improve the level of the national team more effectively. These three things are the long-term and foundation of the development of football in China.

On the evening of October 7th, Stefanie took a photo with Han Hong and wrote: "I came to Brother Han’s concert as a guest today. A series of things delayed two flights, but I think, as a friend, I will! Must! Arrive! Speaking of teacher Han, everyone is no stranger. On the road of public welfare, she always illuminates others without hesitation. After years of concern, I also support her foundation with the happiest mood. Although! There are not millions, but every thought can only convey more love because of the support of fans. Today, I want to tell Brother Han that you don’t know how great you are! Congratulations on a successful performance. "

　　[Editor’s note] When you are old! How would you choose to spend the rest of your life? Is it with your children to enjoy the "family" of "raising children to prevent old age"? Or would you rather live alone, endure or enjoy the loneliness of being infinitely magnified? Or, pour your life savings and try your luck in a nursing home? It’s late in Sang Yu, but it’s sunny in the world. Such multiple-choice questions will be placed in front of us sooner or later.

　　CCTV News (Reporter Li Shanshan):Autumn in Beijing is a little cool. After 10 o’clock in the morning, the community gradually became lively, and the benches next to the flower beds were filled by the elderly. Some are alone, sitting quietly, not knowing what they are thinking; Some take toddlers, children walk unsteadily, and the old man follows nervously; Some are sitting in wheelchairs, with bright eyes, welcoming the warm autumn sun in the implementation of nanny.

　　People will be old, but when they are not old, who can think of what it means to be old?

　　"You must have a nest when you are old."

　　Aunt Li Zhanying is an "old Beijing" and knows this neighborhood best. There are several old people in the community, which old people live alone, which old people are lonely, and which old people have recently arrived. She is very clear.

　　After lunch, Aunt Li took a CCTV reporter to knock on a family on the 28th floor in the community. After waiting for nearly a minute, a pair of hands with distinct joints opened the door, and the room was dark without turning on the light. The old man walked slowly and turned on the light, which lit up her slightly sparse hair — — More white, less black.

　　Then, a hoarse voice like erhu came from the back room and called us to sit down. Wearing a navy cashmere sweater with a pink shirt shows the special spirit of Uncle Li Shengchun. The neatly combed hair was carried back, revealing a wrinkled forehead.

　　Uncle Li Shengchun is 82 years old and his wife Aunt Xu Ruimin is 83 years old.

　　Pictures of Uncle Li when he was young.

　　In 1962, Uncle Li was assigned to the Second Nuclear Hospital of Beijing. Since then, he has been engaged in military nuclear engineering for almost a lifetime, and also participated in part of the design of the first atomic bomb supporting project. When he retired in 2005, he was rehired to Tsinghua University Nuclear Energy Institute. He officially retired seven years ago (in 2012, at the age of 75), and it was from then on that Uncle Li and his wife lived a solitary life.

　　At that time, there was no elevator in the old community where they lived. "It takes more than ten minutes to climb to the fourth floor, at least three or four times to rest." Uncle Li’s slightly vicissitudes of life drew a picture in front of him. "You can crawl step by step, occasionally, but you have to buy food every day!"　

　　The old couple have two sons who haven’t retired. One lives in the northern suburb and the other lives in Shunyi, each with a child who goes to school. "It takes more than an hour to drive. If there is a traffic jam, it will take four or five hours to go back and forth."

　　If you don’t come, you will think about it. If you come, you will be in trouble. This has always been a struggle for the old couple. "There is no place to park. When cooking, where is the soy sauce bottle and where is the vinegar? A lot of things! You have to do it yourself when you leave the sanitation! " I couldn’t bear to let my son, who was still at work, toss and turn, and the old couple didn’t ask them to come over for nothing.

　　I have never lived with my son, but my living habits are different. My son Aika, dances and drinks at night. "Do you say not to let them make trouble?" It is acceptable to celebrate the Chinese New Year occasionally, but you should be cautious when you go to your son to support the elderly. Uncle Li cleared his hoarse throat. "You must have a nest when you are old!"

　　Two years ago, Uncle Li sold his old house and moved to this community with an elevator. When I was in college, Uncle Li was a member of the Art Troupe and could play many kinds of musical instruments: piano, accordion, clarinet … … I also performed in the Great Hall of the People, "but now I am old and my voice is broken." There is a piano covered with white gauze on the left side of the door. When he is physically strong, Uncle Li is sitting in front of the piano and playing the piano for his granddaughter.

　　In the fairly neat living room, there are all kinds of medicines that can’t be named in a striking place. Uncle Li suffers from diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia … … There are five heart stents on him. My wife’s health is even worse. "Ten years of herpes zoster has been painful. I can’t even take a shower by myself. What I can do is dress and walk slowly. It’s okay to go to the toilet, but cooking is basically difficult, so you should eat Chinese medicine often. "

　　Why not hire a nanny?

　　Uncle Li has a bad feeling in his heart. "It’s not angry to spend money! Dare not say, dare not move, easily leave, easily quit … …” However, this is just one of the reasons why the old couple don’t hire nannies.

　　Image source vision china

　　The old couple have to sleep separately at night because of neurasthenia. If you sleep together, one person wakes up, and the other person won’t want to sleep all night, which affects each other. It turned out that when they were in the old house, two people just informed each other by knocking on the wall. When something happened, they rushed over. "If you hear it, you will hurry over. If you can’t hear it, it will be hopeless."

　　Now the old couple live in two big houses, one of which is occupied by one person. "Where do you live when you hire a nanny?" I wanted to turn this house into a single room, but when I thought of starting work, Uncle Li gave up. "Have to find someone! Who put you back? I don’t have that energy! " Uncle Li sighed softly.

　　Taking care of their daily life is all the old couple have every day. Walking in the house, one step should be replaced by two steps to prevent all the possibility of falling! "If you are tired, rest. If you don’t want to do it, put it there. Sometimes the house is dirty, so bear with it!"

　　Old age, empty nest, disability and dementia … … In recent years, these keywords have entered the public’s field of vision more and more frequently, attracting people’s attention. Wang Jianjun, executive deputy director of the National Office for Ageing, once said that it is estimated that by 2050, the elderly population in China will reach a peak of 487 million, accounting for 34.9% of the total population, and there will be one elderly person in every 2.87 people.

　　"Little old man" helps "old man"

　　In old age, people can’t help themselves.

　　Two years ago, Uncle Li just came to this community for a short time, and there was no electricity at home. The two of them plugged in the electric card with the lights dark, but they didn’t know to close the switch. As a result, they didn’t wash their feet or face, so they made do for a night. The next morning, they met Aunt Li Zhanying and found a property to solve the problem.

　　Aunt Li is 69 years old. She lives next door to Uncle Li and lives alone with her wife. Aunt Li has a son. When I earned more than 30 yuan a month, I couldn’t afford to support two children. Later, I lived comfortably, and the family planning policy was implemented, and I didn’t want any more children.

　　"The biggest difficulty in the life of the elderly is spiritual loneliness. They don’t lack money, they don’t lack things, what they lack is care, care, attention and care. Someone has to pay attention to him, and no one will ignore him. " Among the old people in the same community, Aunt Li is positive and enthusiastic.

　　Aunt Li participates in community activities.

　　After retirement, Aunt Li began to pick up various hobbies: singing, dancing, practicing calligraphy, playing Tai Chi … … I didn’t like ancient poetry before, but now I’m starting to study it. When there are activities for the elderly, Aunt Li will also write songs, print lyrics for everyone to distribute, organize activities, and contact … … From Monday to Friday, Aunt Li’s retirement is busier than going to work.

　　"Pension is really a big problem. You tie your child with you, and the child is too bitter!" Although Aunt Li is young, there are many senile diseases: hypertension, diabetes and asthma … … In order not to drag down her son, Aunt Li usually pays special attention to health preservation and prepares the Compendium of Materia Medica. Just look at it if you have nothing to do. "Try to make your body better, you can take care of yourself and don’t bother others."

　　Three years ago, the neighborhood committee organized volunteers to give two-to-one guidance to the elderly with difficulties. Aunt Li decisively signed up. At present, all the old people involved in the matching in the community are led by Aunt Li. They are called "little old people" to take care of the "old people". The elderly who volunteer are not less than 55 years old, and the elderly who are served range from 80 to 100 years old.

　　After Aunt Li learned about Uncle Li’s family, she took the lead to help the two old people match. Because I live close, it is often Aunt Li who helps me solve the problem.

　　More than two months ago, Uncle Li’s wife was weak and had night sweats. She needed to see Chinese medicine. On the first day, she saw a doctor and took medicine the next day. It is difficult for uncle Li to run back and forth alone, let alone bring his wife.

　　After Aunt Li knew about it, she borrowed a wheelchair from the neighborhood committee, and pushed an old man of more than 90 kilograms to catch a bus to see a doctor every day, and went to the hospital for two stops for more than a month.

　　"It’s really urgent, you can call your son to come over, but it’s not very urgent, such as taking medicine for temporary illness, running out of medicine at home or missing it, and running out of gas … … It is still necessary to rely on neighbors and community neighborhood committees to help. " Uncle Li told the CCTV reporter that now there is a "small dining table" in the community, and it is really difficult to cook, so I will go downstairs to buy some, and if not, I can order takeout, so that the problem of eating will be solved.

　　"Little old people" volunteers will call the paired "old people" every week to ask what is going on. "Everything is fine, just fine!" If the "old man" needs anything, such as finding an hourly worker, taking care of him in hospital, and running out of cold medicine at home, he will also call volunteers for help.

　　Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival … … Volunteers will also invite old people out to participate in activities. "What the elderly fear most is loneliness, and loneliness is more terrible than poverty." Aunt Li said.

　　In order to alleviate the loneliness in his later years, Uncle Li learned WeChat, video with his sons and granddaughters when he missed them, and get together with old colleagues and classmates two or three times a year.

　　Grow old with dignity

　　Grandpa Han is one of the 90-year-old people in this community. Last Spring Festival, his wife passed away. Before his wife died, the only daughter found a villa-style nursing home for her parents. Before going to the nursing home, Grandpa Han said to Aunt Li, "I’ll try it first, but I’ll come back if it’s not good." As a result, he came back in a month.

　　Uncle Li has also considered living in a nursing home and seen several, but he feels it is difficult to find a clean and suitable one. "It’s not there yet." The key is that my sons don’t agree to go to nursing homes. "There are children and women, so what nursing homes are there!"

　　"A sense of security, a sense of dependence, a sense of happiness and a sense of security for the elderly", China has set up a characteristic old-age service system in China, which is based on home, supported by community, supplemented by institutions and combined with medical care. As an important part of the old-age service system, home-based care for the elderly has become an important part of meeting the needs of a large number of elderly groups, and the community plays a vital role as a support.

　　He Ying is a community worker in this community. She has been engaged in community work for at least 10 years before. She told CCTV reporters: "Community pension is actually a very humanized way of providing for the aged. It combines the advantages of family pension and institutional pension, which not only enables the elderly to provide for the aged nearby, but also has more sense of belonging. However, there will be many problems in actual operation, such as volunteers accompanying them to the hospital for medical treatment, community hospitals are fine, and there will be many people going to large hospitals.

　　In the community where He Ying lived before, there was a 90-year-old man with a big hip fracture in the bathroom, and the community staff helped him to the hospital. The old man had to undergo surgery, but his children were abroad, so volunteers could not sign it, and no one could perform surgery without signing it. Finally, the director of the old man’s unit signed it, and it was delayed for more than a day. The old man wore a splint for three months and died that year.

　　"What the community and volunteers can do is still limited. Old people who can’t take care of themselves especially need family or professional escort. Some old people can’t go downstairs, and the community can deliver meals, and one to two pairs are ok. If many old people need corresponding institutions, social groups or enterprise organizations, they need to improve their hardware, equipment and systems. In addition, the elderly actually need spiritual companionship more than material needs. How to make the elderly live happier and happier in the community still needs to be explored by the whole society. " He Ying said.

　　"Something similar to a pager can be installed between the paired old people or the property." Aunt Li suggested that because the elderly often get sick at night, they can get timely help when they are in trouble, especially at night, when most people are asleep and there will be someone on duty in the property.

　　Old people are afraid of loneliness and harassment. How to make the elderly feel comfortable while getting help?

　　"It is particularly appropriate to speak. You can’t put yourself on the top and front of these things, and others can be the core." Aunt Li is an old man herself, so it is particularly easy to understand the mood of the old man.

　　In Aunt Li’s home, her own calligraphy works are hung on the walls and doors of the living room. She has a simple wish, that is, to let the elderly living in the community live better and better, live longer and live with dignity.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, He Ying is a pseudonym in the article. )

　　Cherry, the "star fruit" of the season, was on the hot search on January 5, and the price of delicious cherries was reduced, which brought good news to foodies. On January 6, the reporter visited some farmers’ markets and fruit shops in Nanning and learned that the price of cherries plummeted by half in one month. Some wholesalers said that the price of cherries may drop after a while.

　　Some stall owners specially put cherries in a pyramid-shaped stack, each with green slender stems, full flesh, crisp, sweet and juicy, which attracted the attention of many consumers.

　　At noon on the 6th, the reporter came to the fruit area of the farmer’s market in Dancun, Nanning, and saw that cherries were sold in many stalls. In the middle of last month, cherries were still hard to find in the market, and now cherries are placed in the C position. Xiao Li, a citizen of Nanning, is shopping for cherries in front of the stall. She told reporters that she likes eating cherries very much. Some time ago, she only saw cherries sold in large supermarkets, and the price per catty was close to that of 120 yuan, which made her feel too expensive. "Now cherries are sold in the vegetable market, and the price has dropped to 60 yuan per catty. It is very cost-effective to eat cherries now!"

　　Ms. Wei, the owner of a fruit stall, said: "When cherries were just listed, they were sold from 100 yuan to 120 yuan per catty, and the price was too expensive, so we didn’t dare to buy them. It was not until the end of last month that I bought the cherries and sold them back. Recently, the number of people who bought them gradually increased and the sales volume increased. "

　　The reporter noticed that the price of cherries in the whole farmer’s market in Dancun is a little larger than that in 65 yuan per catty, and a little smaller than that in 60 yuan per catty, mainly from Chile.

　　According to the reporter’s visit to a number of fruit shops in Jiangnan District, it is known that cherries are basically seen in every fruit shop, and the price is mainly based on the size of the head. The price of a larger one is 60 yuan, and the price of a smaller one is 55 yuan.

　　Compared with physical stores, the price of online shopping cherries has also dropped. In a fresh online shopping platform, a variety of cherries are marked with "price reduction". For example, the price of a gift box with a net weight of 2 kg of 3J pure fruit is 139 yuan, which is equivalent to 69.5 yuan a catty.

　　It is understood that most of the cherries currently on sale in the market are from Chile. They were listed at the end of November last year and will generally last until March this year. However, most local cherries in China grow in the Bohai Rim region, and the listing time is from the end of April to mid-August.

　　Why did the price of cherries drop? According to Mr. Huang, a local cherry wholesaler in Nanning, "The earliest cherries were shipped by air, and the price was really expensive. Later, they arrived by sea one after another. Recently, the price of cherries has really dropped a lot, because the volume of imports has increased recently, so there is a trend of price reduction." According to reports, there are also cherries from Chile to Hong Kong by sea in the later period, and it is expected that the price will drop after January 10.

　　Compared with previous years, the price reduction of cherries this year is very large. "It can be said that it is a’ cliff-like’ price reduction. In previous years, it has been steadily declining, and this year is a bit fierce." With the rapid increase of imported cherries entering the market, citizens can eat cherries at a price close to the people and realize the freedom of "star fruit".

　　END

　　From | Nanning Evening News Nanning Bao News Client reporter Li Zhaoqi Wen/map

　　A special operations brigade of the 80th Army is a heroic unit with a glorious tradition and historical honor. During the war years, it participated in the War of Liberation, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, with outstanding achievements. In peacetime, the brigade still made numerous contributions. In front of the public, the cadres and officers of a special brigade of the 80 th Army are all bloody men. In ordinary life, they also have their own tender side. People’s Forum Network Xiaobian followed the interview group of "Building a Strong Military Dream with One Heart and Network Media for National Defense" and went deep into a special brigade of the 80th Army of the Army and walked into their "behind the scenes".

　　Before the stage: training hard Heavy honor

　　Fighting is the bounden duty of a soldier, and training is the basis for fighting and winning the battle. The officers and men of a special operations brigade of the 80th Group Army trained hard with the belief of "always wanting to fight, doing everything for the fight, daring to fight hard and ensuring victory", and set strict demands on themselves with the goal of "attacking like a cone in wartime, defending like a nail, pulling out and topping at ordinary times". Through the methods of matching old and new, sharpening tasks and promoting incentives, the officers and men’s unique spirit, domineering, tiger spirit and heroism were forged.

　　A special brigade of the 80th Army tempered its iron will through rigorous training, insisting that the worse the environment is, the more complicated the situation is, and the more dangerous the subjects are, so that officers and men can be in difficult situations such as wild mountains, high altitude, deep water, etc., wrestle and sharpen their hard work style in dangerous environments, forge special will quality in challenging psychological limits, organize "hunter training", and cultivate their courage to shine with difficult, high-intensity and high-risk training.

　　Plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold. Hard training laid the foundation for a special warfare brigade of the 80th Army to successfully complete various tasks, and also won many honors for the brigade. Since the establishment of the brigade, it has won first class, second class and third class respectively, 28 people have won first class and 62 people have won second class, and a large number of advanced models such as "two experts" Wu Zhongliang and "amphibious expert" Zhang Xiuguang have emerged.

　　Behind the scenes: scientific guaranteeStrong human feelings

　　"Now we attach great importance to leading troops with civilization, science and law," Wu Zhongliang, political commissar of a special warfare brigade of the 80th Army, told reporters. In the era of science and technology and information, a special brigade of the 80th Army has done a lot of work behind the scenes to ensure the training quality, physical condition and psychological condition of officers and men.

　　In the basic physical training, a special brigade of the 80th Army pays attention to following scientific laws, absorbing the opinions of sports experts and formulating relevant training norms. Everyone is required to do warm-up exercises before class and relaxation exercises after class, and train at different levels according to the ability of the trainees. Last year, the brigade built a military training health protection center to provide physical rehabilitation, physical and mental relaxation, psychological evaluation, diagnosis and monitoring services for officers and men. Through reasonable relaxation and scientific measures, the incidence of training injuries was greatly reduced.

　　第八十集团军某特战旅还响应习主席“健康中国”的号召，以“解决不了油水、洗澡水的问题，就没资格让官兵流汗水、流血水”的理念为指引，在伙食、澡堂、军装、临时来队家属住房、物资采购等方面增强服务质效，通过官兵“心尖”上的满足实现“刀尖”上的打赢。

　　特种兵训练虽然艰苦，但战士官兵之间也充满人情味，战士之间相互关心，氛围十分融洽。伞降是特种兵训练中最危险的科目之一。该旅特战四连会向每一名参与跳伞任务新兵的家长写一封信。在这《致家长的一封信》中，连队历数这名新兵在过去一年中完成的任务、取得的成绩，并表明将他培养成一名合格特种兵的决心。这一举措不但让新兵心中萌生出内心的自豪，也让家长对孩子感到骄傲，家长普遍认为在军营里，孩子变强大了。

　　通过走进特种兵的台前幕后，大家是不是觉得这群“最可爱的人”更可爱了呢？相信在像第八十集团军某特战旅这样一支听党指挥能打胜仗作风优良的人民军队的保卫下，国家的利益和我们的生命财产安全能够得到充分的保障。

　　（人民论坛网 孙易恒）

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