● The so-called duplicate checking of papers refers to inquiring about the repetition rate of papers, aiming at coping with academic misconduct and plagiarism of academic papers.

　　The "duplicate checking rate" of graduation thesis in some schools has been reduced from the original 30% to 20%, and even more strictly to below 8%. In addition, the school has added a retrial link, that is, the quality of the graduation thesis of the graduated students is tracked and monitored. Once it is found that it is higher than the duplicate checking rate, the degree certificate and graduation certificate will be cancelled directly.

　　At present, there is still a lack of infrastructure to curb academic corruption. We should constantly strengthen supervision and supervision, improve the academic evaluation system, and establish good academic norms.

　　Legal Daily reporter Zhao Li

　　The graduation season is coming, and the accompanying paper duplicate checking has also been put on the agenda.

　　However, this year’s strict paper duplicate checking rate has made many fresh graduates "shiver". According to the survey, the "duplicate checking rate" of graduation thesis in some schools has been reduced from 30% to 20%, and even more strictly to below 8%. In addition, some schools have added a retrial link, that is, the quality of graduation thesis of graduated students is tracked and monitored. Once it is found that it is higher than the duplicate checking rate, the degree certificate and graduation certificate will be cancelled directly.

　　On February 22 this year, the Ministry of Education announced the main points of work in 2019. In higher education, the Ministry of Education will strengthen the supervision and investigation of academic misconduct, and this year, it will carry out sampling inspection of master’s and doctoral dissertations.

　　On February 27th, the Ministry of Education issued a document to further standardize and strengthen the management of postgraduate examination enrollment and training, and to investigate the fraudulent behavior of dissertations immediately, investigate it to the end, investigate it with responsibility, and never tolerate it, so as to achieve "zero tolerance".

　　On April 2, the Ministry of Education announced the Ministry of Education’s Departmental Budget for 2019 in official website, saying that in 2019, the Ministry of Education plans to sample about 6,000 doctoral dissertations (excluding the military system), and the sampling ratio is about 10% of the number of doctoral degrees awarded in the last academic year. In 2019, the sampling budget for dissertations was 8 million yuan.

　　Some critics say that China’s colleges and universities are entering the "strict out" era, and those fresh graduates who can walk into the print shop are the "winners in life" this graduation season, because they have finally reached the final step of completing their graduation thesis.

　　Paper duplication checking is becoming more and more strict.

　　Water injection writing is a thing of the past.

　　After writing the first time, the instructor asked me to quote the literature of the last three years as much as possible. So, check it again on HowNet, and then modify it. The publication time of references is also very important. Finally, you should count the year and date of three years ago, for fear of miscalculation. Now, although the thesis is handed over to the instructor again, I always dream that something has gone wrong when I sleep at night.

　　Lin Hai, a senior graduate who has found a good job, is still very anxious, because the paper is duplicated.

　　Check the first draft once, check it blindly, check it on behalf of the school, and check it again for the defense. Nowadays, "a paper is checked four times" is passed down by some graduates.

　　At present, there are three authoritative papers testing institutions in China: Gocheck VIP, CNKI and Wanfang. Paper duplication checking, also known as paper detection, mainly refers to inquiring the repetition rate of paper content, aiming at coping with academic misconduct and plagiarism of academic papers. The duplicate checking rate of paper detection is the percentage of duplicate words in the total number of words.

　　There are also some people who have already graduated, because of the random inspection of their papers, and they have to check again.

　　Liu Shan (pseudonym), who has graduated with a master’s degree, was selected by the college because of the selective examination of his dissertation by the local education department. "I can only take time to fill out various forms and entrust my schoolmate to help me find a tutor to sign."

　　The sampling papers originated from two documents issued in 2014.

　　In 2014, the state issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Quality Assurance and Supervision System for Degree and Postgraduate Education, clearly proposing to carry out sampling inspection of doctoral and master’s dissertations. In the same year, the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and the Ministry of Education jointly issued the Sampling Measures for Doctoral and Master’s Dissertations (Degree [2014] No.5).

　　According to the relevant regulations, the author, tutor and graduate school will face corresponding punishment after sampling problems in doctoral thesis. The author of the thesis will be revoked his degree and the tutor will be stopped from enrolling students.

　　In September last year, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Paying Close Attention to the Implementation of the Spirit of the National Conference on Undergraduate Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era, emphasizing that colleges and universities should comprehensively sort out the teaching contents of various courses, eliminate "water courses", create "gold courses", strictly control the exit of graduation and resolutely cancel the "clear examination" system.

　　In October of the same year, the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of High-level Undergraduate Education and Improving the Ability of Cultivating Talents in an All-round Way", which clearly proposed to strengthen the whole process management of the topics, topics and defense of graduation design (thesis), strictly monitor the form, content and difficulty, and improve the quality of graduation design (thesis). Strengthening the management of undergraduate graduation project (thesis) is a measure to pay close attention to undergraduate education and teaching.

　　In this year’s graduation season, many colleges and universities have strengthened their management in "strict out".

　　In April, Tsinghua University published the latest revised Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Disciplinary Actions against Students in Tsinghua University, in which there was a significant change, that is, the punishment for academic misconduct was increased, and those who plagiarized dissertations could be expelled from school. The original punishment was to give "the above punishment".

　　On May 5th, the Undergraduate School of Central South University issued a relevant notice, which made it clear that students whose "copy ratio" was 70% or above in the second test were suspected of serious paper fraud. If the fraud (plagiarism) was confirmed to be true, the college would study and deal with the students and their instructors seriously according to the regulations.

　　On May 6th, the Academic Affairs Office of Emei Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Checking and Testing the Graduation Design (Thesis) of 2019, requiring that the checking and testing of this graduation design (thesis) should increase the comparison database of college students’ theses (including this one). If students from the same department and school are found to plagiarize from each other, the Academic Affairs Office will start the investigation procedure and deal with it strictly.

　　Paper testing promotes business.

　　There are hidden traps in price concessions.

　　In order to prevent the repetition rate of papers from being too high and unqualified, most students will check the duplicates themselves.

　　According to a survey conducted by the reporter of Legal Daily, it has become the choice of many graduates to check the duplicate in Taobao or use the duplicate checking software before the school organizes duplicate checking.

　　However, the school does not allow graduates to check the papers privately. Those students who can’t guarantee that they can meet the requirements twice or the school doesn’t provide duplicate checking accounts often choose to go to the e-commerce platform to buy duplicate checking accounts for papers.

　　When the reporter searched for "paper duplicate checking" on the Internet, he saw various brands of duplicate checking products, with prices ranging from tens of yuan to hundreds of yuan, and the scope of duplicate checking covered from undergraduate graduation thesis to doctoral thesis. Some businesses can sell tens of thousands of times a month.

　　According to the reporter’s observation, the introduction information of the merchants is almost the same: the duplicate checking of this master’s thesis, the VIP5.2 system, the test results are consistent with those of colleges and universities, and the verification of authenticity is supported.

　　After communicating with the merchants, the reporter learned that generally, as long as the payment is based on the number of words in the paper, the corresponding order will be generated, and you can enter the self-service entrance of HowNet to check the duplicate. After completing the corresponding steps, you will get the duplicate check result in an hour.

　　Price concessions are one of the main reasons for the popularity of online duplicate checking service at present.

　　Take the Webmaster VIP5.1/TMLC2 system as an example, the lowest price for a duplicate check is around 280 yuan, and the highest price in the peak season is around 350 yuan. For the undergraduate PMLC system of HowNet, the lowest price for a duplicate check is around 130 yuan, and the highest price is around 180 yuan.

　　However, the Academic Misconduct Network once said in "Beware of the Low Price Trap in Taobao HowNet Paper Detection" that some ordinary versions of HowNet detection in 5 yuan and 1 yuan on Taobao are mostly "selling dog meat by hanging sheep’s head". Although a few low-cost tests can support the verification of the authenticity of HowNet, the verification time is very old, that is, the old report verification code is inserted into the ordinary version of the test.

　　However, some students who use other duplicate checking software are easily caught in a dilemma.

　　"Last year, I used two softwares to check the duplicate for insurance, but I got very different results, one was 29%, and the other was only 12%." Zhang Yan, a Beijing resident who has been working now, recalled that in order to be "more stable", she could only compare the two reports word for word and make changes to the overlapping parts.

　　To Zhang Yan’s chagrin, in the final report given by the college, the repetition rate of his papers was less than 10%. "This shows that the previous two duplicate checks are inaccurate, and the software duplicate checking technology is really flattering.".

　　There are not a few people who have had the same experience as Zhang Yan.

　　Some interviewees recalled that they used three different duplicate checking softwares, which were modified every time they checked, but the repetition rate of the last check actually increased instead of decreasing.

　　With the cake of paper duplicate checking getting bigger and bigger, an industrial chain with dense culverts is emerging, which makes the simple duplicate checking service move towards "weight reduction", "ghostwriting" and "piracy".

　　On an e-commerce platform, the reporter noticed that a professional and streamlined production line that circumvented the duplicate checking software was formed. A paper with a total length of more than 10,000 words, which requires that the duplicate checking rate be reduced from 22% to 5%, is quoted at a store in 850 yuan.

　　In addition, there are still many students who spit out the current check-up standard.

　　Lin Hai believes that it is still unfair to avoid duplication of academic misconduct to some extent. He told reporters that taking the study of ancient documents involved in his thesis as an example, this kind of humanities papers quoted more original words from other works, which invisibly led to a high duplicate checking rate. "Duplicate checking rate should not be a prerequisite for determining the quality of papers and whether students participate in defense."

　　The foundation of national rejuvenation lies in education, while the whole education lies in primary and secondary schools.

　　A 70-year history of basic education in China is also a true portrayal of new China’s development from backwardness to revitalization. At the beginning of the founding of New China, China’s per capita education was only 1.6 years. In 2018, this figure has risen to 10.6 years, and China’s education has made remarkable achievements.

　　Since the founding of New China, China’s basic education has achieved great-leap-forward development. From 1949 to 2018, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China increased from 0.4% (in 1950) to 81.7%, the net enrollment rate of primary school increased from 20% to 99.95%, the gross enrollment rate of junior high school increased from 3.1% to 100.9%, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high school increased from 1.1% to 88.8%, which left a great legacy in the history of human education.

　　70 years of hard work, 70 years of spring and autumn.

　　In the past 70 years, the face of China’s weak education foundation has been completely changed, among which basic education has played an important role. Over the past 70 years, China’s basic education has always walked with the tide of the times, condensed China’s experience for human education, issued China’s voice and contributed China’s wisdom.

　　Re-establish order and get on the right track

　　To rebuild order and stabilize the situation, at the beginning of the founding of New China, China’s basic education was gradually standardized in the process of exploration.

　　In December 1949, the first national conference on education was held after the founding of New China, which defined the general policy of national education and marked the transformation of China from semi-colonial and semi-feudal education to new-democratic education.

　　According to the general policy of education, the decision on the reform of the educational system, the first educational system document in New China, was promulgated in 1951, which made new provisions on the status, years and mutual connection of schools at all levels, and a team of professional teachers was initially formed. In 1952, the Provisional Regulations for Primary Schools (Draft) and the Provisional Regulations for Middle Schools (Draft) were officially promulgated, which comprehensively standardized the education and teaching of primary and secondary schools in China and formed the basic framework of the curriculum of primary and secondary schools in China. According to these two documents, the Ministry of Education has formulated a new syllabus for primary and secondary schools, and a new basic education curriculum system has been initially established in New China.

　　However, the old society left a mess for the education in new China, with illiteracy and semi-illiteracy accounting for more than 80% of the total population, and the enrollment rate of school-age children is only about 20%. Universal education, especially universal primary education, has become the top priority of education in new China.

　　By the end of 1965, China’s basic education had been fully restored, with 14.32 million students in secondary schools and 116.269 million students in primary schools, which were 6.9 times and 3.9 times higher than the highest in 1946 before the founding of New China, respectively, and the enrollment rate of school-age children reached 85%. General secondary education has trained more than 20 million graduates and a large number of labor reserve forces for the country, laying the foundation for the training of senior professionals. From 1949 to 1965, 102.723 million people were illiterate in China, with an average annual literacy rate of 6.043 million.

　　In 1977, education in China ushered in the long-awaited spring. At the beginning of his comeback, Deng Xiaoping volunteered to be in charge of education and science and technology. School education is out of chaos and back on track.

　　China entered the new period of reform and opening up with a heavy historical burden. Although many large-scale literacy campaigns have been carried out throughout the country before, and many times it has been proposed to popularize primary education within a time limit, in the early 1980s, primary education in China was still not universal.

　　The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) promulgated in 1982 put forward "universal primary compulsory education", which was the first time since the founding of New China that it was determined in the form of a constitution to popularize primary compulsory education in China, and became the fundamental follow-up for popularizing primary compulsory education everywhere.

　　After the reform and opening-up, China has entered a new situation of all-round socialist modernization. Where should the reform of primary and secondary education go? In 1983, the teaching reform experiment of Jingshan School in Beijing has gradually entered a new stage of comprehensive reform of primary and secondary education from a single experiment. With such questions, the teachers and students of this school put questions to Deng Xiaoping in a letter of more than 500 words. A few days later, Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Beijing Jingshan School: "Education should face modernization, the world and the future." These "three aspects" set the beacon of modern education in China and became the general policy of education reform in China.

　　In 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Education System Reform (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) was promulgated. The "Decision" proposed for the first time that "nine-year compulsory education should be implemented step by step". In order to achieve the grand goal of popularizing nine-year compulsory education, according to the national conditions at that time, the responsibility for developing basic education was handed over to local governments, and the state mobilized the enthusiasm of local governments for developing basic education, while local governments also relied on the people to run education. This system reform has promoted the rapid popularization of compulsory education in China.

　　In order to ensure the smooth implementation of compulsory education, in 1986, the nine-year compulsory education was written into the newly promulgated Compulsory Education Law, which provided special legal guarantee for the popularization of compulsory education, and China’s basic education embarked on the track of legalization.

　　A leap towards a big country in human resources

　　An educational history is a historical portrayal of a country’s revitalization and development.

　　From the establishment of universal compulsory education system in the form of national legislation in 1986, education equity rose to the will of the state for the first time, and the goal of "two basics" was fully realized in 2011. In these 25 years, China’s basic education opened a road of "quantity compensation" and "scale expansion".

　　This is a shining link in the history of China: on the one hand, it is connected with China’s century-old dream of popularizing compulsory education, and on the other hand, it is connected with China’s bright future of building a powerful country with human resources.

　　Achieving nine-year compulsory education in an all-round way and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people is a brilliant milestone in the history of education in China and the most ambitious foundation stone project for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　In the mid-1980s, the Republic faced the reality that knowledge regained respect, education order was restored soon, primary education was just popularized, and more than 200 million people were still illiterate and semi-illiterate.

　　In 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "by the end of this century, nine-year compulsory education will be basically popularized and illiteracy among young people will be basically eliminated" as an important goal for the development of China’s education in the 1990s.

　　Throughout the 1990s, education in China has been asking: When will nine-year compulsory education be popularized so that all school-age children can enter schools?

　　In 1993, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China, which opened a new era of education reform and development in China, and formally took "two basics" as a new goal.

　　At the national conference on education held in 1994, the "two basics" really changed from a goal to a national action, which became the top priority of China’s education work, and a military order was issued in 1996, 1998 and 2000.

　　Dezhou, located in the northwest of Shandong Province, had a local fiscal revenue of only 740 million yuan in 1996. In the three years since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, a total of 860 million yuan was allocated for education. On December 25, 1997, with the last county in Texas passing the acceptance of "Pujiu", this "Pujiu" attack, which lasted for three years and went up and down to Qi Xin, was fully completed.

　　Like Texas, in the 1990s, "Nine-Year Compulsory Education" was launched vigorously throughout the country. At that time, the national construction was still in its infancy, and under the condition of very tight financial resources, the multi-channel school-running strategy was adopted to widely mobilize local governments and the people to hold compulsory education. This has made a great historical contribution to basically achieving the goal of "two basics".

　　On January 1st, 2001, the government of China solemnly announced to the world that China had achieved the strategic goal of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young people as scheduled. By the end of 2000, the population coverage rate in the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" area reached 85%, and the illiteracy rate among young and middle-aged people dropped below 5%.

　　As a result, the Republic has turned from "basic realization ‘ Two basics ’ " To "fully realize ‘ Two basics ’ " Another chapter in. In 2003, the State Council held the first national conference on rural education since the founding of New China, and put forward the requirements for tackling the "two basics" in the western region: realizing the "two basics" goal in the western region in 2007.

　　Achieving this goal faces extremely difficult conditions and special difficulties. Among the 410 counties that have not achieved the "two basics", there are 215 poverty-stricken counties, 309 minority counties and 51 border counties, and the level of compulsory education lags far behind the national average.

　　The biggest denominator of education in China is in rural areas, and the weakest link is also in rural areas. The compulsory education in rural areas, especially in western rural areas, covers a wide range, involving almost all the difficulties of educational equity.

　　In order to solve the funding gap of rural compulsory education, in 2001, the State Council’s Decision on the Reform and Development of Basic Education made a major reform on the management system of rural basic education, which clearly stated that the management of rural compulsory education was "county-oriented" and "people’s education is run by the people" began to shift to the track of "people’s education is run by the government".

　　However, in the central and western regions of China, the county-level finance with weak financial resources is unable to support the funding of rural compulsory education, and there is a general dilemma of "small horse-drawn carts". In 2005, the State Council’s Notice on Deepening the Reform of Rural Compulsory Education Funding Guarantee Mechanism proposed to establish a rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism that is divided into projects and shared by the central and local governments in proportion. Rural compulsory education is fully included in the scope of public financial security.

　　In 2006, the newly revised Compulsory Education Law clarified the principle of free compulsory education in legal form, and established the main contents of the reform of compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism. Under the background of abolishing agricultural tax, from the spring semester of 2006, students in rural compulsory education in the western region were exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees, which were extended to rural areas throughout the country in spring of 2007 and nationwide in autumn of 2008. At this point, compulsory education is "completely free", and the dream of several generations of Chinese has finally come true.

　　Policies such as rural boarding school construction project, "two exemptions and one subsidy" project, modern distance education project in rural primary and secondary schools, and "special post plan" for rural teachers are closely linked and promoted as a whole. In this context, in 2007, the "two basics" attack in the western region was completed as scheduled, and the education in the western region achieved historic changes. In 2011, China achieved universal nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminated illiteracy among young people.

　　This is an honor worthy of being remembered in the annals of history: it took China 25 years to complete the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" task that took the United States 100 years to complete, and completed the perfect turn from a populous country to a big country in human resources.

　　We have fully realized the "two basics" in a country that accounts for one-fifth of the world’s population and made great contributions to the civilization and progress of all mankind. According to UNESCO statistics, the enrollment rate of children in the world has increased from 80% to 84%, and China has contributed; From 1990 to 2005, there were 100 million illiterates in the world, including 90 million in China. Among the nine populous developing countries, China is the only country that has fully realized nine-year compulsory education, and has become an important force to promote the development of education for all in the world.

　　In this great journey towards equality of educational opportunities, the "two basics", like a spark, have played an important turning point in basic education in series. Educational supervision system originated from "two basics", free compulsory education was realized in "two basics", balanced development started in "two basics", and the concept of quality education was born out of "two basics" … …

　　When quantity is no longer the biggest problem faced by basic education, the voice of quality improvement is getting higher and higher. People are more and more aware of the disadvantages of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, and begin to pay attention to people’s all-round development and understand the law of education better.

　　In this context, in 1999, the third national conference on education since the reform and opening up was held in Beijing, with the theme of "deepening education reform and comprehensively promoting quality education". In the same year, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way was promulgated, which clarified the objectives, contents and safeguard measures of quality education.

　　Make a final decision Taking this as a symbol and paying attention to connotation development has become an important melody of basic education in China since the new century, bringing a new atmosphere to education in China.

　　The wind rises and sails again, and the development of basic education opens a new voyage.

　　Pursue fair and quality education

　　Seeking happiness for the people is the initial intention of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that people’s yearning for a better life is our goal.

　　When the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward the ruling idea of "people-centered", people found that this idea was also implemented in the educational action in China.

　　The basic education that has entered the new era has changed from "learning" to "learning", which reflects the people’s yearning for a better life and their expectation for the future. People’s sense of gain has become an important value orientation of basic education, and balanced development and quality improvement have become the new coordinates of the development of basic education in China.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "every child should strive to enjoy a fair and quality education". From basic balance to high-quality balance, from fair educational opportunity to pursuing high-quality educational fairness, it constitutes the main theme of basic education in China in the new period. They all point to the proper meaning of education: paying attention to the all-round development of people and giving every child a chance to shine in life.

　　From basic balance to high-quality balance, a series of measures have landed:

　　In 2002, the "Notice of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening the Management of Basic Education" formally put forward the goal of "actively promoting the balanced development of schools in the compulsory education stage". Since then, "key schools and key classes" have been gradually cancelled.

　　According to the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010— In 2020), a series of major basic education projects, such as the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students and "all-round thinning", have been implemented one after another. These projects are beneficial to the present and the future, and the bottom of basic education can’t be reached. Balanced development is empty talk.

　　In order to speed up the overall allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas, in 2016, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Reform and Development of Compulsory Education in Urban and Rural Areas in Counties", and ten measures such as eliminating large classes were subsequently introduced.

　　With the promulgation of "Measures for Supervision and Evaluation of High-quality and Balanced Development of County Compulsory Education" in 2017, China’s compulsory education has entered the stage of "high-quality and balanced" from "basic balance". By the end of 2018, 92.8% of counties (cities, districts) in China had passed the supervision and evaluation of the balanced development of compulsory education.

　　On the premise of paying attention to the degree of fair access to educational opportunities, basic education is focusing on the quality of the people’s acquisition process and the satisfaction of the results, comprehensively and systematically improving the quality, promoting the comprehensive reform of basic education, and constantly approaching the goal of quality education equity.

　　Who to train is the primary problem of education. In 2014, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Peking University, he pointed out that "the buttons of life should be buckled from the beginning"; During the investigation in Haidian District Ethnic Primary School in Beijing, it was pointed out that children should "remember the requirements, set an example, start from an early age and accept help" when cultivating and practicing socialist core values. On September 10, 2018, at the National Education Conference, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech, pointing out that "efforts should be made to strengthen moral cultivation, educate and guide students to cultivate and practice socialist core values, improve their moral character in a down-to-earth manner, and become a person with great love, virtue and great feelings."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has issued the Guide to Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools and compiled the Implementation Manual of the Guide to Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools, and made great efforts to build a moral education system with correct direction, perfect content, cohesive learning segments, rich carriers and normal development.

　　Classroom is the most critical link of quality. Since the launch of the eighth curriculum reform, the classroom has changed from imparting knowledge to students’ active learning, and "teaching and learning" has undergone profound changes, strengthening the role of the classroom as the main position; In the autumn of 2017, the textbooks of ethics and rule of law, Chinese and history of compulsory education were put into use in the initial grade of compulsory education, which marked that the textbooks of the three subjects had changed from "one syllabus and many books" to unified compilation, examination and use. This was a major deployment to run compulsory education with China characteristics and safeguard the long-term stability of the country with an eye to the requirements of the times.

　　Basic education is the foundation of education, and teachers are the foundation of foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is very concerned about the construction of the teaching staff, and calls on teachers to be "four haves" and "four guides" for students.

　　In order to make up for the shortcomings of rural teachers, since 2012, the "National Training Program" has trained more than 14 million teachers. The central and western provinces recruited 510,000 special post teachers, optimizing the structure of rural teachers. In addition, the establishment and improvement of the salary guarantee system and the evaluation and employment system of teachers’ professional titles have enhanced the professional attraction of grassroots teachers. In January 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers’ Team Construction in the New Era, which described the grand blueprint for teachers’ team construction in the new era.

　　At the same time, the "baton" of evaluation is also turning. In 2014, the "Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Examination Enrollment System" was promulgated, which established the examination enrollment model of classified examination, comprehensive evaluation and multiple admission. In the same year, the new college entrance examination was first implemented in Shanghai and Zhejiang. At the same time, since the Ministry of Education issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of Entrance Examination System in Senior High Schools" in 2016, most provinces and cities have successively announced the implementation plan for the reform of the senior high school entrance examination suitable for the region. The gradual establishment of a scientific evaluation system oriented to the development of quality education has forced the front line of basic education to accelerate the pace of reform.

　　Basic education concerns everyone and is a basic project to improve the quality of the people and realize the prosperity of the country. Implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, making efforts to improve quality and promote fairness, and striving to run a basic education that the people are satisfied with will become the strongest note for the future development of basic education.

　　After the National Education Conference, the central government successively issued three documents on the reform and development of preschool education, compulsory education and ordinary senior high schools: Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Normalization of Preschool Education, Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Educational Methods in Ordinary Senior High Schools in the New Era, and Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Education and Teaching and Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education in an All-round Way, which made a systematic design for the reform of basic education in the new era, marking that China’s basic education has entered a new stage of comprehensively improving the quality of educating people. The publication of China Education Modernization 2035 has become a programmatic document to accelerate the modernization of basic education in the new era.

　　From 1.6 years of education per capita to 10.6 years in 2018, from a big illiterate country to the full realization of nine-year compulsory education, from "not going to school" to "going to school" to "going to school" … … Looking back on the 70-year history, basic education has laid the foundation of national education in China, achieved great changes from scale expansion to connotation construction, and embarked on a road of basic education with China characteristics.

　　Today, China has more than 500,000 schools with nearly 240 million students in the basic education stage, which has provided strong intellectual support and talent reserve for the vigorous development of education at all levels and for China’s economic and social development and the improvement of comprehensive national strength.

　　Learning to teach determines the future of each child, affects the joys and sorrows of countless families and concerns the hope of a nation. Stepping into a new era, from a big education country to a strong education country, basic education will continue to write a new chapter for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. (Reporter Wang Jiayuan)

　　A few days ago, the 2017 "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress of Chinese Colleges and Universities" organized and selected by the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Education was announced in Beijing after the evaluation process of college declaration and publicity, formal review, preliminary evaluation of the department and final review of the project.

　　The selection of "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in Chinese Colleges and Universities" has been held for 20 times since it was launched in 1998. This selection activity has played a positive role in improving the overall level of science and technology in colleges and universities and enhancing their scientific and technological innovation ability, and has had a great social impact and won a high reputation.

　　The list of selected projects in 2017 (attached) is now published. The list of selected projects is sorted according to the phonetic order of the host unit, in no particular order.

List of Selected Projects of "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress of Chinese Colleges and Universities" in 2017

　　Note: Sorted according to the phonetic order of the reporting host, in no particular order.

Introduction of Selected Projects of "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in Chinese Colleges and Universities" in 2017

　　1. Research on the new principle of light field regulation in asymmetric microcavity.

　　The conservation of momentum is one of the objective laws of nature, which reflects the nature of time and space. The generalized momentum of a closed system always remains unchanged. As one of the main physical systems to enhance the interaction between light and matter, the direct coupling between optical microcavity and external light field needs to meet the momentum matching condition, but it is often only realized in a narrow spectral range, which makes the broadband optical physics and application of microcavity face challenges.

　　Academician Gong Qihuang and researcher Xiao Yunfeng of Peking University’s "extreme optics innovation research team" put forward a new principle of chaos-assisted photon momentum conversion in asymmetric optical microcavity, which realized efficient and ultra-wide spectrum optical coupling in optical microcavity. Asymmetric optical microcavity breaks the spatial rotational symmetry and regulates the local light field, thus obtaining a quasi-continuous chaotic mode while supporting the discrete echo wall mode. Photons first refract from the nano-waveguide into the chaotic mode of microcavity; Chaotic motion makes the angular momentum of incident photons increase rapidly in picosecond time scale; Then the dynamic tunneling process realizes its efficient coupling with the echo wall mode. Chaos-assisted coupling no longer needs momentum matching between microcavity and waveguide mode photons, and is expected to play an important role in integrated photonics and information processing. In addition, they also used the nonlinear modulation of optical Kerr effect to observe the spontaneous symmetry breaking of microcavity light field for the first time in experiments, and obtained the chiral light field of microcavity.

　　The research results were published in Science and Physical Review Express respectively, which attracted wide attention from international academic circles, and were featured by more than ten international scientific and technological media such as Phys.org and ScienceDailey, marking that the research on microcavity optics in China has reached a new height.

　　Second, 5 nm carbon nanotube CMOS devices

　　Chip is the foundation and driving force of the information age, and the existing CMOS technology will touch its limit. Carbon nanotube technology is considered as an important option in the post-Moore era. Theoretical research shows that carbon nanotube transistors are expected to provide higher performance and lower power consumption, and it is easier to realize three-dimensional integration, and the comprehensive advantages at the system level will be as high as thousands of times, so chip technology may be promoted to a new height. Professor Peng Lianmao’s team from the Department of Electronics of Peking University made a major breakthrough in the physics, preparation technology and performance limit exploration of carbon nanotube CMOS devices, abandoned the traditional doping process, controlled the polarity of the transistor by controlling the electrode material, and suppressed the short channel effect. For the first time, a high-performance carbon nanotube transistor with a gate length of 5 nm was realized, which surpassed the best silicon-based transistor at present and approached the physical limit determined by the principle of quantum mechanics, and it is expected to push CMOS technology to a technical node below 3 nm. On January 20, 2017, the landmark achievement was published online in Science (2017, 355: 271-276) with the title of Scaling Carbon Nanotube Complete Transistors to 5-nm Gate Lengths. It has been publicly and positively cited by peers including IBM researchers for 24 times in journals such as Science and Natural Nanotechnology, and has been selected as a highly cited paper of ESI.Related work was reported by mainstream academic media at home and abroad such as Nature Index, IEEE Spectrum, Nano Today, Science and Technology Daily and Xinhua News Agency. People’s Daily (Overseas Edition) commented that the working speed of carbon tube transistor is three times that of Intel’s most advanced commercial silicon transistor with 14 nm, and the energy consumption is only one quarter of it, which means that China scientists are expected to catch up with their foreign counterparts in chip technology and it is a new milestone in the development of information technology in China.

　　Third, early intervention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

　　Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third major cause of death in China. The prevalence rate of COPD among people aged 40 and above in China is 8.2%, of which 70.6% are early patients with no obvious symptoms. These patients are easily overlooked and missed diagnosis because of their mild symptoms or even no obvious symptoms. When patients have obvious symptoms such as shortness of breath, most of them are in the middle and late stage of the disease. During this period, the treatment effect of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is poor, and the mortality rate, readmission rate and disability rate are high, which brings a heavy burden to patients’ families and society.

　　For the first time, the team of Ran Pixin of Guangzhou Medical University carried out a multi-center clinical trial for patients with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and found that inhalation of anticholinergic drug tiotropium bromide can significantly improve the lung function and quality of life of patients with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, slow down the annual decline rate of lung function and reduce acute exacerbation. In view of the low popularity of pulmonary function examination and the high missed diagnosis rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China, a new screening technology for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was developed, which provided support for early diagnosis and early intervention. In order to cooperate with drug treatment, a community-based stratified and accurate comprehensive prevention and treatment model was established, and it was found that reducing the exposure of biofuel smoke could reduce the risk of COPD.

　　This study puts forward the early intervention strategy of COPD for the first time. It is suggested that high-risk groups who smoke for a long time and are exposed to polluted air and biofuel smoke should be screened early. Once diagnosed, even if there are no obvious respiratory symptoms, comprehensive intervention measures such as quitting smoking, reducing biofuel smoke exposure and drug treatment should be started in time to prevent further decline of lung function and disease development, and improve the comprehensive prevention and treatment level of COPD.

　　Four, the key technology and industrialization of high performance CNC system

　　High-performance CNC system is the foundation of developing high-end manufacturing equipment and represents the core competitiveness of national manufacturing industry. High-performance CNC systems and machine tools, such as high speed and high precision, five-axis linkage, multi-axis and multi-channel, are the bottleneck problems, which seriously affect the social and economic development of our country.

　　With the support of major national science and technology projects and enterprises, the team of Professor Chen Jihong from Huazhong University of Science and Technology "Industry-University-Research" jointly tackled key problems and developed a series of high-performance CNC system complete products. Build an all-digital and open CNC system software and hardware platform; The control functions such as multi-axis linkage and multi-channel are developed, and the motion control of complex trajectory is realized. A high-speed nano-interpolation method based on flexible acceleration and deceleration is proposed to develop high-speed, high-precision and high-stiffness drive control technology. Invented an analysis method based on big data in command domain, and realized intelligent applications such as health assessment, tool breakage monitoring and process parameter optimization of CNC machine tools. It won 1 second prize of national scientific and technological progress and 5 first prizes at provincial and ministerial levels, forming 13 national and industry standards.

　　The achievements have been applied to more than 2,000 enterprises such as Shen Fei, Chengfei, No.8 Aerospace Institute, No.9 Nuclear Institute, Pushing Ningjiang, etc., realizing the batch application of high-end CNC equipment and weapons and equipment in aerospace, energy and power, automobiles and their parts, 3C manufacturing, machine tools and other fields, and providing important technical support for the independent control of high-end CNC equipment in China. Appraised by China Machinery Industry Federation, its function, performance and reliability have reached the advanced level abroad, and it can replace imports. In the field of aerospace processing and manufacturing, domestic high-grade CNC has achieved a "zero breakthrough".

　　Five, deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic integrated positioning technology

　　Guided by the deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic integrated positioning system developed by Harbin Engineering University, China’s "Deep-sea Warrior" manned submersible quickly found the predetermined underwater target in the depth of 3500m in the South China Sea on September 29th this year, and achieved "finding a needle in a haystack", which indicates that China’s deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic positioning equipment and technology have reached the international leading level.

　　Acoustic wave is the only effective information carrier underwater so far, and high-precision underwater acoustic positioning is the key for human beings to rely on many underwater submersibles to enter, explore and develop the deep sea. However, in order to achieve the same positioning performance as satellites underwater, we must overcome the challenges such as complex underwater acoustic channel environment, serious interference from underwater acoustic platform and difficulties in realizing independent intellectual property system.

　　After eight years of hard work, Professor Sun Dajun’s team has successively overcome key technologies such as deep-sea high-precision ultra-short baseline positioning (won the second prize of national technological invention in 2016), integrated positioning with ultra-short baseline array on water surface and long baseline array distributed on seabed, and solved the problem of asynchronous high-precision positioning with large time delay caused by slow ocean sound speed and platform movement. The underwater acoustic integrated positioning system with independent intellectual property rights (6 invention patents granted in 2017) has been developed, with deep-sea positioning accuracy of 0.3m and positioning efficiency exceeding. Successfully supported the just-concluded maiden voyage test of China’s "Deep Sea Warrior" and the comprehensive investigation and scientific investigation of China’s most advanced scientific research ship "Science" in the South China Sea, laying a solid technical and equipment foundation for China’s deep-sea practice such as scientific exploration of the 10,000-meter abyss "Mariana Trench".

　　Six, high orbit satellite-ground two-way high-speed laser communication system technology

　　The technology of high-orbit satellite-ground bidirectional high-speed laser communication system is one of the frontier scientific fields related to the overall situation and long-term development strategy of the country. The successful completion of the project marks that China has reached the international forefront in the field of space laser communication and is another new milestone in the field of satellite communication.

　　Satellite laser communication has the advantages of large communication capacity, long transmission distance and good confidentiality. It is an irreplaceable means to build a space information superhighway, and it is also the frontier science and technology in the current international information field. Satellite-to-ground laser communication in high orbit needs to achieve high-precision capture between the satellite and the ground station, effectively overcome the influence of satellite motion, platform jitter, complex space environment and other factors, and maintain the continuous high-precision and stable alignment of the laser beam, which is extremely difficult in technology and is a hot spot that countries are competing to develop at present.

　　On April 12, 2017, the laser communication terminal developed by Tan Liying of Harbin Institute of Technology was launched into orbit with the satellite. From May to August, 2017, the high-orbit satellite-ground bidirectional high-speed laser communication system realized "precise alignment, stable maintenance and high-speed communication" between the satellite and the ground station with a distance of nearly 40,000 kilometers. The two-way high-speed information transmission channel between satellite and ground established by laser beam has successfully carried out communication data transmission, real-time forwarding and storage forwarding with the highest transmission data rate of 5 Gbps per second, which is the highest transmission data rate of high-orbit satellite laser communication in the world so far, and its performance and technical indicators have reached the international leading level.

　　The two-way high-speed laser communication system between high orbit satellite and earth has established a high-speed backbone channel in the information network between heaven and earth, which has laid an important foundation for the establishment of an integrated information network between heaven and earth in China in the future.

　　Seven, "bait mode"-a new mechanism of pathogenic bacteria

　　Crop diseases caused by Phytophthora were once called "plant plagues", which seriously threatened global food and ecological security. In the mid-19th century, the European potato late blight epidemic caused millions of people to starve to death or flee, and this "Irish famine" was called a turning point in human history. At present, the annual losses caused by epidemic diseases in the world are still as high as more than 20 billion dollars. Crop diseases break out and spread quickly in the field, causing serious harm. Because of the complex genome of Phytophthora and the lack of understanding of pathogenic mechanism, the research and development of prevention and control technology is seriously restricted.

　　Team Wang Yuanchao of Nanjing Agricultural University systematically studied the action mechanism of Phytophthora effector around the main weapon "effector" that Phytophthora attacks plants. It was found that Phytophthora can secrete glycosyl hydrolase XEG1 to degrade plant cell walls, while plants secrete protease inhibitor GIP1 to inhibit the activity of XEG1. The inactivated mutant XLP1, which can secrete hydrolase, acts as a "bait" to interfere with the defense response, and cooperates with XEG1 to attack plant disease resistance. In addition, it was also found that Phytophthora secreted effector into host cells to destroy plant disease resistance by interfering with histone acetylation.

　　This achievement was published in Science, Current Biology and New Phytologist in 2017, and was reviewed by many magazines such as Nature chemical biology. The "bait model" found in this study is a brand-new pathogenic mechanism and a major theoretical breakthrough in the field of biological interaction in recent years. Because this mechanism is universal in pathogenic bacteria, it not only has guiding significance for improving the persistent disease resistance of crops, but also provides new clues for developing new biological pesticides, which has potential application prospects in the field of green production of crops.

　　Eight, eukaryotic yeast long chromosome chemical reconstruction

　　Genome design and synthesis is a brand-new design and construction of genome from scratch, which can shape life as needed, open the door of transforming from inanimate matter to living matter, and promote life science research from understanding life to creating life. Genome design and synthesis provides a new way to deepen understanding of basic scientific issues such as life evolution, the relationship between genome and function. However, genome synthesis faces some problems, such as the difficulty of precise synthesis of long chromosomes and cell inactivation caused by synthetic chromosomes.

　　After more than five years’ exploration, the teams of Yuan Yingjin of Tianjin University, Yang Huanming of shenzhen huada gene research institute and Junbiao Dai of Tsinghua University completed the chemical total synthesis of four long chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and created the rapid localization method of genome defect targets and the precise repair technology of multi-target fragment co-transformation, which solved the problem of cell inactivation caused by chemical synthesis of long chromosomes and realized the complete matching between the synthetic sequence of long chromosomes and the designed sequence. A multi-level modular and parallel chromosome synthesis strategy was created, and the rapid customized synthesis from small molecular nucleotides to eukaryotic long chromosomes was realized. The artificial ring chromosome was constructed, which established a research model for the mechanism and potential treatment of the currently incurable chromosome ring disease.

　　On March 10th, 2017, this research published four Science papers in the form of long articles, which attracted great attention from experts and media at home and abroad, and was highly praised by articles published in journals such as Science, Nature, Nature Biotechnology, NatureReviews Genetics and Molecular Cell.

　　Nine, coal supercritical water gasification hydrogen generation and power generation technology

　　On December 25th, 2016, Xi ‘an Jiaotong University transferred the "Polygeneration Technology for Hydrogen Production and Power Generation from Coal Supercritical Water Gasification" proposed by Professor Guo Liejin and successfully developed by the team for 20 years to Shaanxi CNNC Jiaotong University, an industrialized investment group, at a price of 150 million yuan, which officially started the industrialization of this technology. Over the past year, the team has continued to tackle key problems, developed a system integration and matching method for large-scale engineering cogeneration of this technology, solved the key technologies and auxiliary engineering technologies existing in industrialization, completed the technical design of two large-scale engineering demonstration devices such as cogeneration and hydrogen-heat cogeneration, and promoted the industrial investment group Shaanxi CNNC Jiaotong University to jointly invest 420 million yuan and 500 million yuan in Xi ‘an Chengtou Group and Yulin Environmental Protection Group respectively to carry out the construction of the first demonstration projects of cogeneration systems such as heat, electricity and hydrogen.

　　This technology can solve the smog-causing coal-fired gas pollutants such as SOx and NOx and dust emission from the source. The mixed product gas composed of supercritical water, H2 and CO2 can be used for hydrogen production, power generation, heat supply and steam supply. CO2 enrichment and resource utilization can be naturally realized in the process, which can improve the coal-electricity conversion efficiency of generator sets by at least 5 percentage points, reduce the one-time investment by 30%, save water and lower the operating cost. The third-party demonstration expert group believes that "the technology has completely independent intellectual property rights, the technology is feasible and the economy is reasonable". Investors believe that this technology "realizes the efficient, clean and pollution-free utilization of coal energy, which will surely bring about profound changes in energy technology and make great contributions to global energy conservation and emission reduction".

　　Ten, high-speed railway train dynamic effect test system (iHSRT)

　　The running speed of high-speed railway trains is high, which is close to or exceeds the wave propagation speed of subgrade soil. The vibration generated by train operation can not spread out in time, causing shock wave phenomenon and Mach effect, resulting in excessive vibration and cyclic cumulative settlement of subgrade, which affects train safety and ride comfort. It is of great scientific significance and engineering value to study the dynamic effect of railway subgrade caused by high-speed train operation under controllable conditions in the laboratory.

　　Academician Chen Yunmin, led by Professor Bian Xuecheng of Zhejiang University, invented the world’s first test device for dynamic effects of high-speed railway trains. The device converts the running load of the train into vertical dynamic load acting on a series of sleepers, and realizes the loading of the subgrade by the high-speed movement of the train axle by accurately controlling the loading phase difference of adjacent vibration exciter. The whole test system consists of train loading exciter array, loading control system, full-scale line model and test system, and the maximum speed is 360 km/h. The core technology won 2 invention patents in the United States and 8 invention patents in China.

　　Using this system, the Mach effect of saturated subgrade and dynamic soil arching effect of pile-supported subgrade accompanied by the sharp increase of dynamic pore pressure are found, and the dynamic stress amplification effect, attenuation law along depth, cyclic cumulative settlement law and mechanism of excessive settlement in high-speed railway subgrade are revealed. Based on this, the evaluation, control and repair methods of subgrade cyclic cumulative settlement are put forward, which have been successfully applied to more than 10 high-speed rail and subway projects on soft soil foundation, and achieved remarkable social and economic benefits. Ten papers were published in international authoritative journals, among which the papers published in Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering were rated as "Most Cited Articles".

Summary of Guangzhou’s economic development in 2007 In 2007, our city thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 17th National Congress, consciously practiced Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implemented the central macro-control policies, constantly accelerated the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of development mode, and made great efforts to deepen reform and open wider to the outside world. The economic operation showed four main characteristics: rapid economic growth, remarkable improvement of benefits, continuous adjustment of structure and gradual improvement of people’s livelihood. However, in the economic operation of our city, there are still some problems that need attention, such as structural contradictions are still outstanding, the ability of independent innovation needs to be strengthened, and it is more difficult to save energy, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. First, the basic judgment is good and fast. According to preliminary accounting, Guangzhou’s GDP in 2007 was 705.078 billion yuan, up by 14.5%, 3.1 percentage points faster than that of the whole country and the same as that of the whole province. Among them, the added value of the first, second and third industries was 16.109 billion yuan, 281.689 billion yuan and 407.280 billion yuan, up by 5.0%, 15.6% and 14.1% respectively. At the same time, the growth rate of local general budget revenue in the city was 7.6 percentage points higher than that of the previous year; The comprehensive index of economic benefits of industrial enterprises above designated size was 225.96, an increase of 24 points over the previous year. It is estimated that the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP in Guangzhou will decrease by 4% year-on-year, and the emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand will decrease by 8.8% and 2.2% respectively. Supply and demand are booming. From the perspective of production and supply, agricultural production has grown steadily, industrial production has grown rapidly, and the tertiary industry has developed rapidly. From that perspective of demand pull,The consumer market continued to flourish, investment in fixed assets grew steadily, and foreign trade slowed down steadily. Although the growth rate of foreign trade exports has slowed down, the pulling effect of export demand is still obvious. Highly prosperous. In the first quarter to the fourth quarter, the city’s business prosperity index was 145.7, 149.6, 150.9 and 149.1, respectively, and the entrepreneur confidence index was 149.9, 145.0, 152.3 and 148.5, respectively, and the economy continued to operate in a high prosperity zone. Ii. main features (1) rapid economic growth and steady growth of agricultural production. In 2007, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery reached 28.540 billion yuan, up 5.6% over the previous year, of which the output value of agriculture (planting) was 13.637 billion yuan, the output value of forestry was 420 million yuan, the output value of animal husbandry was 7.022 billion yuan, the output value of fishery was 4.873 billion yuan, and the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services was 2.588 billion yuan, up 3.4% respectively. Industrial production has grown rapidly. First, the total growth rate is fast. In 2007, the city’s industrial enterprises achieved a total industrial output value of 987.057 billion yuan, an increase of 20.0% over the previous year, and the growth rate accelerated by 3.1 percentage points. Second, heavy industry has developed rapidly. The total output value of light and heavy industries was 372.383 billion yuan and 614.674 billion yuan respectively, up by 15.2% and 23.1% respectively, and the growth rate of heavy industry was 7.9 percentage points faster than that of light industry.Third, high-tech industries have developed rapidly. The city’s industrial enterprises realized the output value of high-tech products of 296.309 billion yuan, an increase of 28.7%, 8.7 percentage points faster than the city’s industrial development level. Fourth, the driving effect of automobile manufacturing industry is remarkable. The total industrial output value of the three pillar industries was 386.756 billion yuan, an increase of 24.1%. The output values of automobile, electronics and petrochemical manufacturing industries were 162.226 billion yuan, 83.723 billion yuan and 140.807 billion yuan respectively, up by 37.4%, 1.7% and 26.7% respectively, and their contribution rates to the industrial growth above designated size were 27.20%, 1.73% and 18.81% respectively. At the same time, the auto parts manufacturing industry grew strongly, with an annual output value of 30.915 billion yuan, an increase of 74.4%, which was 54.1 percentage points higher than that of industries above designated size in the city. The tertiary industry developed rapidly. First, the transportation, post and telecommunications industries grew rapidly. In 2007, the city’s freight volume was 456.6403 million tons, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year; Passenger traffic was 511,572,700, an increase of 16.9%; Passenger turnover was 128.924 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 18.1%. The passenger throughput of Baiyun Airport was 30,955,100 passengers, an increase of 18.1%; The airport cargo and mail throughput is 894,900 tons. The annual port cargo throughput was 368,644,100 tons, up by 12.3%, of which Guangzhou Port cargo throughput was 341,362,800 tons. Port container throughput is 9,932,900 TEUs,An increase of 36.9%. In 2001, the revenue from post and telecommunications business reached 25.126 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. The second is the rapid growth of tourism. The city’s tourism industry achieved a total revenue of 79.815 billion yuan, an increase of 13.9%. The city received a total of 33.3873 million overnight tourists, an increase of 12.8%; Among them, there were 6,113,300 overseas tourists, an increase of 8.3%. Third, the real estate market is active. The city’s investment in real estate development increased by 26.4%, an increase of 16.8 percentage points year-on-year. The contract value of commercial housing sales in the city was 121.82 billion yuan, an increase of 41.3%. The consumer market continues to flourish. In 2007, the city’s total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 259.500 billion yuan, an increase of 18.9% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 3.9 percentage points higher than that of the previous year, the highest increase since 1996. Among them, the wholesale and retail sales reached 217.865 billion yuan, an increase of 18.8%; The retail sales of accommodation and catering industry reached 41.635 billion yuan, an increase of 19.2%. The city’s wholesale and retail sales totaled 1,099.658 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30.3%. Among the wholesale and retail businesses above designated size in the city, the retail sales of automobiles reached 27.518 billion yuan, up by 25.0%, accounting for 28.6% of the retail sales of wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size in the city, ranking first among all kinds of commodities. The retail sales of gold, silver and jewelry increased by 32.9%, and the retail sales of cultural office supplies increased by 31.1%.The retail sales of sports and entertainment goods increased by 30.8%. Investment in fixed assets grew steadily. In 2007, the investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 186.334 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 1.9 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the investment in capital construction was 80.064 billion yuan, down by 3.7%; The investment in renovation was 34.714 billion yuan, an increase of 15.3%; The investment in real estate development was 70.38 billion yuan, an increase of 26.4%. The proportion of capital construction, renovation and real estate development investment in the fixed assets investment of the whole society was adjusted from 48.99%, 17.74% and 32.82% in the previous year to 42.97%, 18.63% and 37.77% respectively, and the capital construction investment decreased by 6.02 percentage points compared with the previous year. The construction of key projects progressed smoothly. In the whole year, the investment in key projects in our city was 44.992 billion yuan, with an investment completion rate of 118%. Foreign trade has slowed down steadily. In 2007, the total import and export volume of commodities in the city was 73.494 billion US dollars, up by 15.2% over the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 4.0 percentage points. Among them, imports were 35.592 billion US dollars, up by 13.4%, and the growth rate dropped by 3.7 percentage points year-on-year; Exports reached US$ 37.902 billion, up by 17.0%, and the growth rate dropped by 4.4 percentage points year-on-year. The trade surplus was $2.31 billion, accounting for 3.14% of the city’s total merchandise import and export. From the perspective of economic types, the export of foreign-funded enterprises is dominant.Accounting for 58.43% of the city’s total exports; The export growth of private enterprises is strong, with an increase of 44.8%. Exports to Japan, the European Union, Hong Kong and other major export markets grew steadily, increasing by 23.7%, 16.2% and 12.6% respectively. The export growth rate of bulk commodities such as furniture and its parts, precious metals or jewelry wrapped with precious metals is higher than the average growth rate of the whole city. The utilization of foreign capital has increased substantially. In 2007, the contracted utilization of foreign capital in the city was 7.153 billion US dollars, up 54.2% year-on-year, with an increase of 27.5 percentage points year-on-year; The actual amount of foreign capital used was US$ 3.411 billion, up by 11.7% and 4.2 percentage points. From the perspective of foreign investment, the real estate industry is far ahead, the manufacturing industry is declining, and the culture, sports and entertainment industries are growing strongly. In 2007, the actual use of foreign capital in the real estate industry in our city was 1.62 billion US dollars, an increase of 2.2 times; The actual use of foreign capital in manufacturing industry was US$ 1.18 billion, down by 30.6%; The actual use of foreign capital in culture, sports and entertainment industry was $67 million, an increase of 18.5 times. (II) Significant improvement in benefits The economic benefits of industrial enterprises have been significantly improved. In 2007, the comprehensive index of economic benefits of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city increased significantly to 225.96, up by 24 points over the previous year; Among them, the comprehensive index of economic benefits of state-owned and state-controlled industrial enterprises above designated size was 401.66, an increase of 69.2 points, which was 175.7 points higher than that of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city. Corporate profits have risen sharply, while losses have decreased.Industrial enterprises above designated size achieved a total profit of 73.308 billion yuan, an increase of 35.9%. The loss of loss-making enterprises was 5.302 billion yuan, down by 7.1%. Fiscal revenue has increased significantly. In 2007, the total fiscal revenue from Guangzhou was 211.6 billion yuan, an increase of 22.4% over the previous year. The city’s general budget revenue was 52.379 billion yuan, an increase of 22.6%, and the growth rate was 7.6 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. Among the general budget revenue, business tax, value-added tax and enterprise income tax were 12.354 billion yuan, 11.150 billion yuan and 5.967 billion yuan respectively, up by 20.2%, 15.3% and 30.9% respectively, and the total contribution rate to the city’s general budget revenue reached 51.4%. Energy consumption is gradually decreasing. Our city pays special attention to energy conservation and emission reduction of key projects, key projects and key enterprises. Signed a target responsibility letter with 100 key energy-consuming enterprises. For newly introduced industrial projects, the examination and approval of energy consumption and pollutant discharge shall be strictly implemented. In combination with the implementation of the strategy of "retreating two into three" in the central city industry, we will accelerate the technological transformation of energy conservation and emission reduction in enterprises. The dependence of economic growth on energy consumption is gradually decreasing. It is estimated that the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP in Guangzhou will decrease by 4% year-on-year, and the emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand will decrease by 8.8% and 2.2% respectively. (3) The structure has been continuously adjusted and the industrial structure has been further optimized.In 2007, the proportion of added value of Guangzhou’s three industries was adjusted from 2.39?U40.01?U57.60 in 2006 to 2.29?U39.95?U57.76. The proportion of primary and secondary industries decreased by 0.10 percentage points and 0.06 percentage points respectively, and the proportion of tertiary industry increased by 0.16 percentage points. The three major demands tend to develop harmoniously. In 2007, the growth rate of total retail sales of social consumer goods in our city was 3.9 percentage points faster than that of the previous year, the growth rate of fixed assets investment in the whole society dropped by 1.9 percentage points, and the growth rate of commodity exports dropped by 4.4 percentage points, which obviously enhanced the pulling effect of consumer demand on economic growth. The characteristics of heavy industry are outstanding, and the innovation ability is gradually enhanced. The proportion of light and heavy industrial output value in our city is 37.73?U62.27, and the proportion of heavy industry is 1.56 percentage points higher than that of the previous year, with outstanding characteristics of heavy industry. In the whole year, the output value of high-tech products realized by industrial enterprises accounted for 30.02% of the city’s total industrial output value, an increase of 3.01 percentage points over the previous year. It shows that the innovation ability of industrial enterprises in our city has been gradually enhanced. Investment is inclined to the tertiary industry. The proportion of investment in fixed assets in the primary, secondary and tertiary industries was adjusted from 0.11: 27.30: 72.59 in the previous year to 0.06: 21.62: 78.32, and the investment in the tertiary industry increased. The structure of export products was gradually optimized. First, the export of mechanical and electrical products grew rapidly. In 2007, the export of mechanical and electrical products was US$ 19.213 billion.It increased by 18.0% over the previous year, accounting for 50.69% of the city’s total exports. Second, the growth rate of general trade exports is faster than that of processing trade exports. The general trade export of our city was 16.922 billion US dollars, up by 25.3%. The export of processing trade with imported materials and processing trade with imported materials were US$ 5.946 billion and US$ 14.280 billion respectively, up by 6.5% and 13.6% respectively. (4) People’s livelihood has gradually improved, and the living standards of residents have been greatly improved. In 2007, the average wage of employees in the city was 40,187 yuan, an increase of 10.6% over the previous year. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 22,469 yuan, an increase of 13.2%. The per capita consumption expenditure was 18,951 yuan, an increase of 16.6%. The per capita net income of rural residents was 8613 yuan, an increase of 10.6%. With the improvement of income level, the upgrading of residents’ consumption structure has accelerated. First, the service consumption expenditure in household expenditure has increased rapidly. In 2007, the per capita service consumption expenditure of urban residents in our city was 6698 yuan, an increase of 15.9%, accounting for 35.34% of the total consumption expenditure. Expenditure on education, culture and entertainment services has become a bright spot of consumption. The per capita expenditure on education, culture and entertainment services of urban residents in our city was 3,268 yuan, an increase of 17.5%. Second, consumption hotspots such as automobiles continue to heat up. By the end of 2007, there were 13 cars for every 100 urban households in our city, a year-on-year increase of 30%. The employment situation is stable. At the end of 2007, there were 6,476,900 social workers in the city.An increase of 6.4% over the end of last year. Among them, there were 3,973,400 urban employees, an increase of 10.8%. There are 250,600 registered unemployed people in cities and towns in the city, a decrease of 14,800 from the end of last year; The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 2.23%, up 0.17 percentage points from the end of last year. In the whole year, 175,100 registered unemployed people in cities and towns were resettled, of which 56,300 "4,050" people (laid-off and unemployed people over 40 years old for women and 50 years old for men) were employed, and the re-employment rate of registered unemployed people in cities and towns reached 70%. The financial expenditure on people’s livelihood has increased significantly. In 2007, the expenditure on education, social security and employment, medical and health care and environmental protection in the local general budget of our city was 8.06 billion yuan, 7.179 billion yuan, 3.273 billion yuan and 485 million yuan respectively, which increased by 11.1%, 27.4%, 16.0% and 29.0% respectively, accounting for 30.46% of the local general budget fiscal expenditure. Iii. Issues needing attention (1) From the perspective of economic growth, the city’s economy mainly relies on two-wheel drive of industry and service industry, but the internal structure of industry and service industry needs to be further optimized and coordinated. Industry is an important engine of the city’s economic development, while industry is mainly driven by three pillar industries: automobile, electronics and petrochemical. The output value of the three pillar industries accounts for 43.43% of the total industrial output value above designated size. However, the internal development of the three pillar industries in our city is unbalanced.The leading role of electronic product manufacturing industry is weak. From January to May this year, the output value of electronic products manufacturing industry has been declining, and it has turned down to rise since June, but the increase is very small. In 2007, the growth rate of electronic products manufacturing industry above designated size was 18.6 percentage points lower than the city average, 35.7 percentage points lower than that of automobile manufacturing industry and 25.0 percentage points lower than that of petrochemical manufacturing industry. The contribution rate to the industrial growth above designated size in the city is only 1.73%, which is 25.47 percentage points lower than that of automobile manufacturing and 17.08 percentage points lower than that of petrochemical manufacturing. Although Guangzhou’s service industry has dominated, it is far below the level of Beijing and the world average (the added value of the world’s service industry accounted for 67.9% of GDP in 2001). At present, Guangzhou’s service industry is still dominated by traditional service industry, and the proportion of modern service industry is low, which is difficult to meet the requirements of economic transformation and independent innovation. The industrial structure of service industry needs to be optimized urgently. (2) From the perspective of the three major demands, consumption, investment and export keep pace with each other, and the relationship among them tends to be coordinated. However, the export growth rate has dropped significantly due to factors such as the adjustment of export tax rebate policy by the state, the publication of prohibited categories of processing trade and international trade friction. In the second half of the year, the export growth rate of our city dropped significantly. The annual export growth rate dropped by 4.4 percentage points over the previous year and by 5.1 percentage points over the first half of 2007. From the perspective of major export markets, exports to the United States have fallen sharply.In 2007, the export to the United States was the same as the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 8.6 percentage points compared with the first half of the year. From the main export commodities, steel products, ships and printed circuits were greatly affected, and the annual export growth rate dropped by 82.4, 23.7 and 5.7 percentage points respectively compared with the first half of the year. At the same time, the growth rate of the output value of industrial export products above designated size in the city reached its peak in July, and then it ran at a low speed every month. In 2007, the output value of the city’s industrial export products increased by 14.3%, which was lower than the average growth rate of the city by 5.7 percentage points. It accounted for 21.19% of the total industrial output value, down 1.06 percentage points from the previous year. The export growth rate has dropped significantly, which may slow down Guangzhou’s economic development. (3) From the perspective of the quality of economic operation, the overall quality has improved, but the ability of independent innovation has yet to be enhanced. Cumulative consumer prices have risen month by month, and the "scissors difference" in production prices has increased recently, making it more difficult to save energy, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. The ability of independent innovation has yet to be enhanced. Our city’s independent innovation ability lags behind that of Shenzhen. In 2007, the output value of high-tech products of industrial enterprises above designated size accounted for 32.08% of the total output value of industrial enterprises above designated size. In 2006, the proportion in Shenzhen reached 52.8%. Shenzhen has cultivated a number of well-known large-scale high-tech backbone enterprises at home and abroad with large scale and strong strength, such as Huawei, ZTE and Global Digital. However, our city lacks the drive of well-known large-scale high-tech backbone enterprises at home and abroad. Therefore, Guangzhou urgently needs to complete the transformation of industrialization from comparative advantage to competitive advantage through independent innovation.Cumulative consumer prices are rising month by month. Since the second half of 2007, with the rapid rise of national consumer prices, the cumulative consumer prices in our city have also shown a trend of rising month by month (see Table 1 and Table 2 for details). In 2007, the overall consumer price level of urban residents increased by 3.4% over the previous year, with an increase of 1.1 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, the price of consumer goods rose by 4.4%, and the price of service items rose by 1.1%. In 2007, the overall level of rural consumer prices rose by 3.2%; Among them, the living consumer price rose by 2.8%, and the production consumer price rose by 6.6%. The sharp rise in food prices is the main factor leading to the rise in consumer prices. In 2007, the urban food price in our city rose by 8.9% (up by 1.7% in the same period of last year), which was 5.5 percentage points higher than the total consumer price index of urban residents, directly driving the consumer price of urban residents to rise by 2.93 percentage points. In 2007, the price of rural food in our city rose by 11.5%, which was 8.3 percentage points higher than the total consumer price index of rural residents.Table 1: Monthly price increase in Guangzhou in 2007 Unit:% January, February, April, May, June, August, September, October, November and December, consumer price of urban residents 12.32.82.31.92.44.44.65.354.84.6 Food price 4.04.77.36. 0.8 Table 2: Monthly cumulative price increase in Guangzhou in 2007 Unit:% January, February, March, May, June, August, September, October, November and December, consumer price of urban residents 11.622.12.12.42.733.23.33.4 Food price 4.04.45.45. In 2007, the total ex-factory price level of industrial products in our city rose by 1.4%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points year-on-year; The overall purchase price level of raw materials, fuel and power increased by 4.7%, and the growth rate dropped by 0.2 percentage points year-on-year. The difference between the ex-factory price of industrial products and the purchase price of raw materials, fuel and power in our city gradually increased in the fourth quarter. In December, the ex-factory price of industrial products increased by 2.0% over the same period of last year, and the purchase price of raw materials, fuel and power increased by 7.6% over the same period of last year.The difference between the two increased from 2.5 percentage points in September to 5.6 percentage points. The increase of "scissors difference" in production price will lead to the reduction of profit space of downstream enterprises. It is more difficult to save energy and reduce consumption and emission. The industry with relatively high energy consumption in our city grows significantly faster than the service industry with less energy consumption, especially when the industry is further heavy, the energy consumption increases, which makes it more difficult to save energy, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. (IV) From the perspective of the economic structure of internal and external sources, the exogenous economy has developed rapidly, while the endogenous economy has developed slowly. Among the total industrial output value above designated size in the city, foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan account for 66.39%, and the growth rate (20.0%) is close to the city’s average growth rate, while the growth rate of state-owned enterprises is 7.6 percentage points lower than the city’s average. In particular, since the beginning of this year, the cumulative growth rate of the total output value of private industrial enterprises in our city has been lower than the city average (see Figure 1 for details). It can be seen that at present, the industrial development of our city is mainly driven by exogenous enterprises. In the wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering industries, the development of private economy lags behind the average level of the whole city. The growth rate of private wholesale and retail sales is 12.2 percentage points lower than the city average, and the growth rate of retail sales is 2.3 percentage points lower than the city average; The growth rate of retail sales of private accommodation and catering industry was 0.4 percentage points lower than the city average. (5) From the perspective of reflecting people’s livelihood, although the living standards of residents have been greatly improved and people’s livelihood has been improved, the growth rate of residents’ income is lower than the growth rate of regional GDP; The income gap between urban and rural residents has increased;The prices of agricultural means of production remain high, making it more difficult for farmers to further increase their income. In 2007, the average wage growth rate of employees in our city was 10.6%, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 13.2%, and the per capita net income of rural residents was 10.6%, which was 3.9, 1.3 and 3.9 percentage points lower than the growth rate of regional GDP respectively. In 2007, the income gap between urban and rural residents in our city changed from 2.55:1 in the previous year to 2.61:1, and the gap further increased. In 2007, the price of agricultural means of production in our city increased by more than 5%. In 2007, the growth rate was 5.9%, 0.7 percentage points higher than the previous year. The high price of agricultural means of production leads to the high cost of agricultural production, which affects the enthusiasm of farmers to invest in agricultural production and makes it more difficult for farmers to further increase their income. (VI) From the perspective of horizontal comparison, some economic indicators are still far behind those of the whole country, the whole province and major cities. In 2007, the total industrial output value of Guangzhou above designated size was 890.522 billion yuan. Among the major cities in China, It ranks seventh behind Shanghai (2,193.863 billion yuan), Suzhou (1,591.469 billion yuan), Shenzhen (1,383.254 billion yuan), Tianjin (1,007.507 billion yuan), Beijing (947.554 billion yuan) and Wuxi (894.511 billion yuan), and ranks eighth with Foshan.The growth rate of gross industrial output value above designated size in Guangzhou (20.3%) is lower than that in the whole province (25.0%), Suzhou (23.3%), Wuxi (23.6%) and Foshan (30.2%). In 2007, the total value of Guangzhou’s merchandise exports was US$ 37.902 billion, which was lower than that of Shenzhen (US$ 168.493 billion), Shanghai (US$ 143.928 billion), Suzhou (US$ 118.884 billion), Beijing (US$ 48.923 billion), Ningbo (US$ 38.255 billion) and Tianjin (US$ 38.255 billion) The growth rate of Guangzhou’s total merchandise export value is 17.0%, which is lower than Ningbo (33.0%), Shanghai (29.7%), Beijing (28.9%), Suzhou (25.6%) and Shenzhen (23.8%), and also lower than the national (25.7%) and provincial (22.2%) averages. In 2007, the general budget revenue of local finance in Guangzhou was 52.379 billion yuan, ranking sixth among major cities in China, lower than Shanghai (210.263 billion yuan), Beijing (149.264 billion yuan), Shenzhen (65.806 billion yuan), Suzhou (54.182 billion yuan) and Tianjin (54.013 billion yuan). The growth rate of general budget revenue of local finance in Guangzhou is 22.6%, which is lower than that of Suzhou (35.4%), Beijing (33.6%), Shenzhen (31.4%), Shanghai (31.4%) and Tianjin (29.6%) and lower than that of the whole province (28.0%).The level of growth. IV. Outlook of Economic Situation in 2008 and Countermeasures and Suggestions Looking forward to 2008, the national economic development will still face a more favorable domestic and international environment. From the international environment, the trend of economic globalization is developing in depth and the world economic situation is generally stable, which is beneficial to the development of our city. However, the risks of the world economy are still increasing gradually. The economic slowdown in the United States, the increasing global inflationary pressure and the intensification of international trade protectionism cannot be underestimated. From the domestic environment, the successful convening of the 17th National Congress and the Olympic Games, the gradual deepening of the reform of the system and mechanism, and the continuous expansion of opening to the outside world will mobilize the enthusiasm and potential of all sectors in developing the economy. Macro-control policies in 2007 will continue to play a role, and the development of individual industries and fields will slow down. 2007 is a year of intensive macro-control policies. In terms of fiscal policy, the export tariffs on some commodities have been increased, the export tax rebate for "two high-tech and one capital" products has been abolished, the export tax rebate rate for commodities that are prone to trade friction has been reduced, and import tax concessions have been implemented for some resource products and major technical equipment products. In terms of monetary policy, the statutory reserve ratio of financial institutions was raised ten times, and the benchmark interest rate of RMB deposits and loans of financial institutions was raised six times. In 2008, a moderately tight monetary policy will be implemented, and land management will also be strengthened. Judging from the development environment of our city, we will fully implement the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress in 2008, further deepen reform and open wider to the outside world.Vigorously promote independent innovation and structural optimization, strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction and ecological environment protection, and actively improve people’s livelihood. The 2010 Asian Games will be held in our city, and the construction of large-scale Asian Games venues and facilities will be fully launched. The economic development environment of our city in 2008 was generally good. Looking at the economic development environment at home and abroad and in our city, it is predicted that the trend of sustained and rapid economic growth in our city will not change in 2008, and the growth rate may drop slightly; Among the three major demands, export growth may slow down, investment is expected to grow steadily, the consumer market will continue to flourish, and the pulling effect of consumption on economic growth will be further enhanced. In order to ensure sound and rapid economic development in 2008, it is suggested to do the following work in combination with the actual situation of this city while implementing the national macro-control measures: (1) Further adjust the industrial structure and strive to build a modern industrial system. Agriculture should focus on developing characteristic agriculture and agricultural product processing, improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and establishing a long-term mechanism to ensure the stable development of animal husbandry, especially pig production, on the premise of stabilizing the grain planting area. Industry should intensify energy conservation and emission reduction, further strengthen the ability of independent innovation, and expand the production of high-tech products and high-processing products. Accelerate the development of service industry, especially the development of emerging service industries such as finance, logistics, exhibition, information transmission and software. (2) maintain a moderate level of foreign trade exports, prevent the impact of excessive deceleration on the overall economy, and continue to guide and promote the transformation of production and operation methods of "two high-tech and one capital" enterprises.Reduce the negative impact caused by the adjustment of export tax rebate. At the same time, adjust the structure of foreign trade. First, strive to expand the export of high-tech products and improve the quality and grade of export products; Second, constantly explore new markets; The third is to develop service trade and establish a mechanism to promote the development of service trade. (3) Effectively raise the income level of residents, expand their purchasing power, continue to increase new jobs, strengthen skills training and expand the scale of employment. We will continue to improve the social security system, raise residents’ expectations for future income growth, and provide dynamic support for domestic demand growth. It is necessary to increase subsidies for low-income groups, prevent them from living in difficulties due to rising prices, and strive to improve their quality of life. We should do everything possible to increase farmers’ income. Strengthen vocational training for farmers, improve their comprehensive quality and vocational skills, and improve the scientific and technological content of agriculture and the comprehensive agricultural productivity; Reasonably guide rural surplus labor to transfer employment to secondary and tertiary industries and cities, and accelerate the process of urban-rural integration. (4) Efforts to maintain the basic stability of the price level should continue to ensure the supply of non-staple food, strengthen the supervision of food quality and market prices, give full play to the guiding role of information in market supply and demand, avoid the ups and downs of consumer goods prices, and prevent prices from evolving from structural increases to inflation. (V) Vigorously support the development of the private economy, create a better development environment for private enterprises, further take effective measures to support the development of the private economy, strive to create a social atmosphere suitable for the development of the private economy, and further relax market access conditions.Create a fair competitive market environment, tap the development potential and strive to make the private economy bigger and stronger. Continue to take effective measures to activate private capital to invest in high-tech industries, modern service industries and modern agriculture, especially to guide private enterprises to take the road of scientific and technological entrepreneurship and vigorously support private enterprises to develop high-tech industries; Improve the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises, help private enterprises solve the financing problem, and encourage private enterprises to go public for financing. (6) Improve the ability of independent innovation, create new advantages for scientific development, and take improving the ability of independent innovation as the priority strategy of economic construction, the core content of improving the comprehensive competitiveness of cities and the central link of transforming the mode of economic growth. First, we should strengthen the dominant position of independent innovation of enterprises, encourage more investment, support research and development, strengthen intellectual property protection, and improve the independent innovation system with Guangzhou characteristics. Second, we should build a high-tech industrial system with international competitiveness, and focus on promoting the construction of high-tech industrial projects such as Guangzhou International Biological Island. (VII) To further improve energy conservation and pollution reduction, we should adhere to the priority of saving and environmental protection, implement strict environmental protection policies, focus on major energy-consuming industries such as petrochemical industry, steel manufacturing, power production and transportation, strictly control high-energy-consuming projects, form a pattern of government guidance, market promotion and participation of the whole society, and continuously improve the capacity for sustainable development.

　　Cctv news Recently, the Shenyang Science and Technology Innovation Service Center of Liaoning Province, Zhong Jun, the inheritor of tussah silk clothing making skills of Shenyang Industrial Competition and intangible cultural heritage, and the teachers and students of the "Wild Silkworm (Tussah) Creative Design Project Team" of dalian polytechnic university Institute of Fashion Technology came to Zhujia Street of Shenyang City to hold an exchange meeting on the development of tussah industry and the design and development of tussah intangible cultural works, and held discussions with more than 30 representatives of silkworm farmers.

　　Sun Caihong, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Zhujia Street in Shenyang, presided over the meeting and introduced the overall layout of the cultural tourism industry and the development of tussah industry in Tianjiawa Village.

　　Ding Wei, Dean of dalian polytechnic university Institute of Fashion Technology, said that the college will devote itself to building a bridge of cooperation between schools and villages, exploring a new mode of urban-rural integration of "Wild Silkworm Valley" schools+enterprises+villages, providing intellectual support for rural revitalization and maintaining Liaoning’s characteristic industries, and helping Liaoning, China’s tussah industry to develop with high quality.

　　At the seminar, the relevant members of the "Wild Silkworm Creative Design Project Team" demonstrated and explained the design concept, application materials and production technology of tussah wenchuang works, so that the majority of silkworm farmers could fully understand tussah wenchuang works through cases and arouse their enthusiasm for learning and participation. Zhong Jun introduced the related situation of Liaoning Heritage Base of Tussah. Finally, the Organizing Committee of Shenyang Industrial Design Competition introduced the related activities of the 2023 Shenyang Industrial Design Competition for teachers and students, and called on everyone to actively promote outstanding creative design works and promote the transformation of outstanding design works.

　　Silkworm farmers have said that through this activity, everyone has a more comprehensive understanding of the extension chain of tussah industry, and they are more confident to expand the scale of farming and develop tussah cultural and creative works.

　　In the next step, Zhujia Street in Shenyang will speed up the promotion of the Wild Silkworm Valley project, make efforts to extend and improve the tussah industrial chain, and let more people put on the tussah "golden rice bowl" to help the cultural tourism+tussah industry integrate and grow, and the creative design will empower the tussah industry to jointly help the rural revitalization and development.

　　Tesla was targeted by the short-selling institution Shannon, and the stock price fell against the market.
　　Tesla’s share price suddenly dived against the market on Tuesday, with a drop of more than 4%. At the close, the company’s share price fell by 2.91%, while the Nasdaq Composite Index rose by 2.89% for the whole day. The sudden diving of Tesla’s share price is related to Citron Research, a well-known short-selling institution, eyeing the company. Citron suddenly posted a tweet on Tuesday, saying: "Citron shorted Tesla, and the supply problem will make the company’s share price drop to $100 by the end of the year. All the news surrounding this company seems to be unfavorable to the company’s share price. " Since the beginning of this year, Tesla has been constantly hit, and the company’s share price has also fallen by more than 20%.

　　Verizon will continue to investigate Yahoo’s assets or make an acquisition plan.

　　Verizon is still considering the acquisition of Yahoo. However, Verizon said that the company needs to have a better understanding of Yahoo’s assets before making a formal decision on whether to acquire Yahoo. On this issue, Fran Shammo, chief financial officer of Verizon, said at Morgan Stanley Investment Conference on Tuesday that Verizon is considering various merger and acquisition schemes, including acquisition and divestiture. Summer confirmed that Verizon was still weighing whether to keep or sell its data center.

　　According to the report, 40% of insurance companies are worried that Google will rob their jobs.

　　On March 1, local time, consulting service company Capgemini released a report saying that more than 40% of insurance companies regard Google as a potential competitor. Capgemini said in the report that Google has a wide popularity and a large amount of user data, and young consumers are likely to bypass traditional insurance companies and choose new competitors like "Google". Capgemini believes that in order to resist the upcoming market competition, insurance companies must establish their own brands, learn to use real-time consumer data and develop flexible operating models. Nevertheless, some insurance industry experts are still skeptical about the entry of technology companies such as Google into the highly regulated insurance market. These industry experts believe that technology companies are likely to become partners of insurance companies, rather than entering the market alone.

　　SoundHound beta virtual voice assistant intends to replace Siri.

　　Although in the past few years, SoundHound’s APP has mainly focused on listening to songs and recognizing songs, SoundHound has been accumulating strength for the birth of Hound. Hound is a natural voice virtual assistant built on the company’s own platform. In other words, SoundHound intends to replace existing similar voice assistants, such as Apple’s Siri, Google’s Google Now or Microsoft’s Cortana. In fact, as early as last June, when SoundHound began to accept the application of the beta version of Hound, there were rumors that it intended to replace Siri. At that time, SoundHound recruited 1,000 testers to participate in the internal testing, but received 300,000 applications for internal testing in just two months. It is reported that the current Hound version is not only suitable for Android system, but also for iOS version.

　　Apple gets a patent for a new headset: Bluetooth when the cable is disconnected.

　　On March 1, local time, Apple obtained a patent for a new headset technology called "detachable wireless listening device". This patented technology allows an earphone to receive audio signals through a traditional cable, while also supporting seamless connection of Bluetooth or other wireless fidelity. From the design point of view, this earphone seems to be no different from the traditional earphone, and two earplugs are connected to the playback device through cables. But in fact, this earphone uses two independent cables: one is used to connect two earplugs, and the other is used to connect the playback device. The key point of this patented technology is that the two cables are connected by "magnetic attachment mechanism". When connected, the playback device can transmit audio signals to the headset, and at the same time, it can supply power to the battery built in the headset. When the two cables are separated, the system will detect the state change, so as to stop the power supply, and use wireless mode to transmit audio data to users, all of which are seamlessly connected.

　　Microsoft launches new Windows security service for enterprise users.

　　It is reported that Microsoft has launched a new security service "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection" for Win 10 operating system, aiming to help large enterprises detect hackers and security threats more efficiently. According to Yusuf Mehdi, vice president of Microsoft, the service has been tried by Microsoft and a few users, and some software codes will be released with the new version of Win 10 operating system, but the pricing and final launch time of the service have not yet been determined. Since a large number of loopholes in Microsoft system appeared in recent years, Microsoft has been committed to improving the security of information, such as the introduction of Windows fingerprint and facial recognition security protection measures.

　　Gmail provides OCR image scanning to prevent confidential data from being leaked.

　　Google has released a data loss prevention (DLP) service to avoid accidental disclosure of confidential company files during transmission, while a recent update of Gmail can further prevent data loss. After the update, Gmail can use optical character recognition (OCR) technology to ensure that the attached pictures do not contain sensitive content like social security numbers or passwords. Google’s business platform had the function of scanning files before, but now it can match passwords or specific text strings to the blacklist of administrators to prevent accidental issuance of files, and the software can also identify employees who deliberately disclose company secrets. At present, only paid Google Apps Unlimited users can use this OCR function.

　　Sony stops selling PlayStation TV

　　Recently, Sony publicly announced on its official website that it would stop selling PlayStation TV, and the reason for the suspension was that the sales volume was too unsatisfactory. It is reported that PlayStation TV is a device launched by Sony in November 2013, which allows players to play PSV games on the TV screen or stream PS4 games. Originally, PlayStation TV was expected for its unique game streaming function, DualShock 3 handle control and low price, but many PSV games that need to use touch are incompatible with it because it does not support touch function. Soon, Sony tasted the cruelty of reality, and the seemingly powerful products performed poorly, so Sony finally decided to give up PlayStation TV, stop losses in time and try its best to recover losses.

　　Uber Real Estate dominates all start-ups in the San Francisco Bay Area.

　　As early as last September, Uber spent $123.5 million in Oakland, San Francisco, and bought the historic Sears Department Store, which covers an area of 380,000 square feet. Uber plans to use this building as one of its future headquarters. At the same time, Internet radio pioneer Pandora, solar energy company Sungevity and other small technology companies have also settled in Auckland. It is reported that the reason why these start-ups from the San Francisco Bay Area choose to enter Auckland is largely due to the trouble of housing prices. Uber has spent $2 million to decorate its new headquarters building, and plans to bring 2,000 to 3,000 jobs to Auckland. In addition, Uber real estate has dominated all start-ups in the San Francisco Bay Area. For example, Uber’s office is four times larger than Pandora, the pioneer of Internet radio, and Uber can accommodate five times as many employees as its competitor Lyft (another taxi software).

　　Google Cardboard glasses case officially goes on sale

　　Accordingly, Google officially launched and sold Cardboard glasses cases in its own Google store. Since the release of Google Cardboard’s cheap virtual reality solution in 2014, Google Cardboard has shipped more than 5 million units, surpassing HTC Vive and Microsoft’s HoloLens to become the best-selling VR devices in history. Many third-party companies use Google Cardboard’s solution to produce their own Cardboard glasses cases. Google itself has also cooperated with many third-party companies and launched the Google Cardboard certification program. According to the Google Store, a single Cardboard glasses case costs $15, and buying two glasses at one time is $5 cheaper. At the same time, there are two other VR devices for users to choose from, namely Google Tech C1-Glass VR Viewer Virtual Reality Viewer and Matte View-Master Virtual Reality Starter Kit.

　　Waze 4.0 will be put into use soon.

　　The new Waze application has been in use for several months, and now it is finally going to be officially announced. Waze is a free application, which uses the GPS information of mobile devices to obtain information about road traffic flow, thus providing better driving routes for car drivers. The new Waze will have a brand-new look, can quickly visit the destinations that users have visited frequently, and improve people’s driving experience. In addition, users can quickly share ETA with friends and family. The new version will be officially put into use soon.

　　Sony PS 3.5 does not support remote operation function.

　　Sony will launch the latest spring update of PS4 firmware system version 3.5 Beta on March 2nd, but it is reported that the PS4 version 3.5, which is in public beta this time, will not support the remote operation function as mentioned before. As early as last November, Sony announced that PS 4 3.5 would support remote operating systems on PCs and Macs, but now it is reported that Sony PS 3.5, which is about to undergo public beta, does not include this function. Sony said that the remote operation function will appear on the next version of PS 4.

　　Neato launched the world’s first sweeping robot controlled by smart watches.

　　Recently, Neato announced the launch of Botvac Connected, the world’s first sweeping robot that can be controlled by smart watches. It is reported that this sweeping robot supports the remote control of Apple Watch and Android Watch. Users only need to connect the worn watch and the sweeping robot to the same wireless network to match, and then they can start and close the cleaning program of the robot on the watch. After the robot completes the cleaning task, the user will also receive the corresponding prompt message on the watch. However, it is reported that Botvac Connected may get stuck in the corner during operation. In addition, the current price of Botvac Connected sweeping robot is 699 US dollars (about 4578 yuan).

　　Microsoft Adapts to "My World" Oculus Virtual Reality Edition

　　The fun game "Minecraft" has achieved great success. Although the thick pixel wind lacks a sense of reality, it is very suitable for virtual reality. Microsoft has run the game on HoloLens, and announced the upgrade of Oculus virtual reality headset. It is reported that this version does not deliberately simulate reality, but is based on three-dimensional scenery, which makes people feel like being in animation and can provide a good virtual reality experience. Compared with the HoloLens version, the Oculus version lacks gestures and voice control, but users can also experience a real sense of speed and height, and also have a 360-degree surround view when moving.

　　China Youth Network compiled the original, please indicate the source of China Youth Network (www.youth.cn), otherwise legal responsibility will be investigated.

Original Piaoyinke aesthetics

In today’s life, "art" can be seen everywhere, and many of the goods we choose also have relative artistic designs.

For example, vans printing is a retro art design that comes from the arts and crafts period.

Why do both art and design like retro? What kind of charm does retro have?

Why does art design like retro?

Retro, an element of art design, is a very huge concept of art design.

Fashion itself is a cyclical process, and some retro trends will easily become popular again after years of silence, which is also the representative way of its unique artistic design concept in reincarnation.

Why should art design be retro? Is the current art design so bad?

The answer is naturally, NO! ! !

In fact, there are several reasons why artists and designers prefer retro.

First of all, it can be said that retro is not only a tribute to the former art design, but also a tribute to the former art design in a brand-new form and in the best way in the art world.

The appearance and development of art need not only a flash in the pan, but also be remembered by people, artists and art designers.

Giorgione’s Sleeping Venus

Titian pays tribute to giorgione’s Venus of Urbino.

In different times, art may be different, but it will retain the essence of the times that was once designed by art.

The mysterious and attractive artistic charm in art design will be repeated in one era and one century, and will be paid tribute to by countless artists and countless art design works in the ways of retro and re-creation.

At the same time, making good use of the previous elements is to re-extract familiar information in people’s cognition, and there is no need to re-educate the market from the perspective of aesthetic cognition, which greatly reduces the cost of aesthetic communication.

To complete a good retro art design, it is often necessary to make the goods and users reach a resonant role.

It can be said that this is also one of the tricky ways.

The retro psychology is also caused by human’s attention to self and instinct of self-development.

When people are tired of the unchanging and boring aesthetic ideas that have been accompanied by real life for a long time, driven by people’s nostalgic natural psychology, they will have a psychological need to seek novelty and novelty.

Retro design, in your casual life

In fact, our daily life is full of a lot of retro elements.

Early and classic art design works still have a far-reaching impact on the current art design concept.

For example, the Victorian art design concept, the design that fills the whole page but keeps symmetry at the same time, tries to add shadows, outlines and decorations to the text with hand lettering and carefully crafted fonts.

In the works of modern times, the symmetrical artistic design, the shaping of shadow level, the modification and change of outline and surrounding shape in the artistic design of contemporary jewelry more obviously highlight the retro art design of Victorian era.

With the development of the times, the spread of its modeling and the use of its artistic design features are retro, and the structure of its artistic concept has remained until now.

These former art designs are the ideas of thinking about the times of that year, the evidence of the continuation of civilizations in different times, and the direction in which each era forms its own dawn.

To create a retro visual aesthetic feeling, the visual effect must also highlight the sense of the times of its artistic design.

It requires artists to reorganize the visual elements full of memories according to specific commodities, readjust their artistic ideas and styles, highlight the aesthetic effect with more visual appeal on the basis of the original artistic design elements, and carry out a brand-new retro on the current artistic ideas.

Art can’t be achieved overnight. It’s a reflection and discovery of each artist’s own time.

Modern retro art design of clothing is more prominent, and the mainstream clothing art design is more influenced by retro art design.

Retro in its artistic design can better solve the structural problems, so that the retro quality makes it surpass those items selected for their fit, quality and design value.

The Victorian and medieval style art design is retro, and elements such as symmetry, bright colors and blank margins are added to the retro art design, which adds brand-new inspiration to the art design of the present era.

Violette, a chocolate brand, highlights the outline of lines in its brand logo, which is in line with the emphasis on lines during the Art Nouveau Movement, and the mosaic of women’s faces is more in line with the influence of the birth of female charm on artistic design in its era.

Posters and advertisements of its brand highlight the beautiful women’s faces and lines, and highlight its retro art design concept of emphasizing lines and abstract forms.

Another example is fonts.

In the period of hand-painted characters and arts and crafts, the fonts created by Morris have the same tension and vitality. In order to give some new vitality to the fonts in the new era, the artistic design created by retro makes people feel the natural purity and beauty in the new era.

The retro avant-garde art design by Rcket and Wink redefines the visual shape, arranges and assembles geometric bodies according to different shapes, and forms a brand-new object posing shape, which is an experiment of visual aesthetic feeling and an experience of visual impact, and adds a new visual change to the avant-garde art design of line shape in retro.

Postmodern design is the opposite of orderly modernist design.

In the modern graffiti art, its artistic design inherits the retro post-modern artistic design. The artistic design that is bold, gorgeous and fashionable, the artistic design that combines the characteristics of popular culture and elegant culture, and the expressive graphic design still exist in the poster art design of the present era.

The modern office stationery brand Write Sketch is an artistic design of retro postmodernism.

It uses simpler modeling in products, uses bright and soft colors, deletes too many lines and forms, and continues the bold design style in the post-modernism art design concept.

With more concise design into the current products, it gives people a pure aesthetic pleasure in the vision of artistic design.

In the retro art design of internationalism style, The Negra, a brand of visual art design, has slightly modernized the artistic design of characters, and still uses sans serif fonts for the artistic design of retro internationalism style.

For example, Helvetica fonts are filled with patterns, leaving a sense of breath to the space by leaving white space on the side, and using structured and asymmetric grid layout to reshape the artistic design of modern architectural studios with a very small and modern environmental pattern per square centimeter.

Our retro design of art has once again verified its rationality in the new era and new understanding.

In these artistic design concepts, in addition to the new development and understanding of the concept, there is also an understanding and excavation of the times, which still affects artists and artistic designers today.

Innovate in retro.

Nowadays, many art designers hope to give people a classic and nostalgic feeling in their works when they use retro classical textures, colors or various other elements.

In professional art galleries, some old-fashioned music and interiors are often used to increase the sense of art and inspire people with some inspiration about the past.

Retro art design is also for better appreciation, for better discovery, its once beauty and once concept.

But retro, not surprisingly, there is no innovation.

On the contrary, retro is to climb again on the shoulders of giants.

In the present art design, there are still many art designers who admire the former art, and after seeing the shadow of history and the precipitation of time, the retro art design is the new design created by the present art designers.

For example, Du Qiurui, a young artist and painter, presents most of his artistic design works to everyone who watches with a retro artistic design concept and a brand-new era connotation.

In Qiu Rui’s work "The Adventures of Aunt Wang", we can see that his artistic design has added new forms of artistic design such as painting with new technology and multiple use of colors.

The use of retro art design also expresses its abandonment of the weird aesthetics of the present era and its nostalgia and tribute to the artistic design concept.

Art design takes time to accumulate, so that products can rediscover the epitome of the present era on the basis of spanning a hundred years, and finally make art design have an epoch-making sublimation. This sublimation is a qualitative upgrade from ancient times to the present, and its connotation is an upgrade of thought and culture as the core.

And its change in retro design is also a brand-new understanding and creation of the present era, resulting in the communication of art and design across the times and a brand-new aesthetic sense of the times.

Looking at the time going around, what passed quietly can’t stand the test of the times, but for art design, it has been preserved until now in the constant alternation of retro.

For those original art designs, the content of the times it carries is not enough to bring people ideas in the present era, and to some extent, it is a former art design concept.

This is also an important reason why retro and innovation appear at the same time.

A professor who studies retro art design once said:

"The seeds of the future lie in the past,

Retroism is actually an innovation. "

Retro art design is a brand-new process of seeking inspiration from the past, organically combining with modern ideas and technologies, using contemporary ideas, reconstructing with the help of past elements, and then re-creating.

See an art exhibition and interview some interesting people.

Push a beautiful object to hold a literary activity.

Original title: "Please admit, retro charm and sexy"

Read the original text

Summer is full, and the sun is just right.

It’s graduation season.

It is also the harvest season.

UCASer keeps innovating and making progress.

New discovery of two new "four quark states" hadrons

New progress of eggshell of Hami pterosaur

Reveal the carbon cycle mechanism of vitamin community in biological crust

… …

With Guo Xiaowei

Look at the latest issue of scientific research express

01 led the discovery of two new "four quark states" hadrons.

Progress has been made in the study of eggshell composition of Hami pterosaur

Joint research and publication of high quality reference genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

Progress has been made in the study of epigenetic mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure interfering with reproductive endocrine.

USP7 degradation agent was proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for p53 mutant cancer.

Revealing the carbon cycle mechanism of microbial community in biological crust

Revealing the evolution mechanism of microstructure of sulfur dioxide aerosol by Dalian light source

08 reveals the ligand recognition and G protein selection regulation mechanism of some serotonin family receptors.

Cloning of important genes regulating soybean grain size and quality

Click on the corresponding title below to read the original report.

Click on the journal name to learn more.

Leading the Discovery of Two New Quaker Hadrons Recently, the LHCb International Cooperation Group of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced the discovery of three new exotic particles: a new five quark hadron and two new four quark hadrons which are mutually adjoint states. Among them, two "four quark states" hadrons were discovered by the particle physics team of National Science and Technology University, one with two charges and the other neutral. Their internal structure is very strange: they contain four different types of quark components, and their mass is about 3.1 times that of protons.

This is the first time that a double-charge "four-quark state" hadron has been discovered experimentally, and it is also a hadron partner that has found two completely new quark components at the same time. At the same time, the discovery of these two "four quark states" hadrons provides brand-new experimental evidence for confirming the existence of new material forms beyond the conventional baryons and mesons in nature, which will help deepen human understanding of the most basic structure of matter in the universe. Undergraduate and graduate students of the National Science and Technology University played a key role in it.

Mars, a doctoral supervisor of the National Science and Technology University and a doctoral student of Wang Xiaolin, a researcher at the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, cooperated with Luo Wugan, an associate professor at the School of Humanities of the National Science and Technology University, to analyze and study the egg fossils of Hami pterosaur in Tianshan Mountain. The results revealed that the main component of the protein-colored eggshell of the pterosaur was fluorapatite.

This study is of great significance to the research and protection of pterosaurs and pterosaur egg fossils. Related research results were published in Heritage Science. Mars is the first author, and Wang Xiaolin and Luo Wugan are the corresponding authors.

Collaborately researching and publishing high-quality reference genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, Wang Ying, an associate professor at the School of Life Sciences of the National Science and Technology University of China, cooperated with Jiao Yuling, a doctoral supervisor at the National Science and Technology University of China and a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and obtained a nearly complete reference genome Col-PEK of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 ecotype by combining long-reading ONT, high-fidelity long-reading PacBio HiFi and short-reading Illumina NovaSeq sequencing data. Col-PEK assembly filled most gaps in all regions including five centromeres.

The related research was published online in Molecular Plant with the title of "A Near-Complete Assembly of an Arabic Genome". Hou Xueren, a doctoral student at National Science and Technology University, is the first author, and Wang Ying and Jiao Yuling are co-authors.

Progress has been made in the study on the epigenetic mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure interfering with reproductive endocrine. Huang Qingyu, a graduate tutor of National Science and Technology University and a researcher at the Institute of Urban Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed the mechanism of histone modification in PFOA interfering with male reproductive endocrine by analyzing the effects of low-dose PFOA exposure on the expression of key genes in testosterone synthesis, the level of hormone synthesis and the status of histone modification (methylation/acetylation) in rats.

The research results were published in environmental science & technology with the title of "low levels of perfluoro petrochemical acid exposure activations steroid hormone biosynthesis through reproducing histone methylation in rats". Han Xueying, a master student of National Science and Technology University, and Md Nur Alam, a doctoral student, are co-first authors, and Huang Qingyu is a correspondent author.

USP7 degrading agent was proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for p53 mutant cancer. Zhou Bing, Li Jia and Zhou Yubo, doctoral supervisors of National Science and Technology University of China and researchers of Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, designed and synthesized the first small molecular probe U7D-1 with high efficiency and selective degradation of USP7, and studied its antitumor activity and mechanism in p53 wild-type cells and p53 mutant cells.

The related research work was published online in angew.chem.int.ed. with the title of "discovery of a potential and selective degrader for USP 7". Pei Yuan and Fu Jingfeng, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, and Shi Yunkai, postdoctoral fellow of Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies of National Science and Technology University, are co-first authors. Zhou Bing, Li Jia and Zhou Yubo are co-authors.

Ho Xuan Huong, a doctoral supervisor of National Science University of China and a researcher of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted five batches of sampling surveys for four consecutive years on biological crusts (algae crusts, cyanobacteria lichen crusts, green algae lichen crusts and moss crusts) in different succession stages of typical field plots. By using various metagenome technologies and big data model analysis methods, combined with the determination of enzyme activities at physiological level and the correlation analysis of environmental factors, the microbial carbon cycle pattern and its interaction and regulation mechanism of biological crusts were revealed.

The related research results were published online in Soil Biology and Biochemistry with the title of "carbon cycle in the microbial ecosystems of biological soil crusts". Wang Qiong, a doctoral student at National Science and Technology University, is the first author, and Ho Xuan Huong is the correspondent author.

Using Dalian light source to reveal the microstructure evolution mechanism of sulfur dioxide aerosol, Jiang Ling, a graduate tutor of National Science and Technology University of China, a researcher of molecular reaction dynamics State Key Laboratory of Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zhang Zhaojun, an associate researcher, discovered the structural evolution mechanism of sulfur dioxide hydrated clusters by using a self-developed infrared spectrum experimental device based on Dalian coherent light source, which provided a new idea for understanding the nucleation mechanism of sulfur dioxide aerosol. This achievement helps to clarify how pollutant molecules grow into clusters step by step, so as to help people better understand the formation mechanism of smog.

The related results were published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters with the title of "Infrred Spectroscopy of Stepwise Hydration Motives of Sulfur Dioxide". Chong Wang and Fu Liangfei, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, are co-first authors.

Revealing the ligand recognition and G protein selection and regulation mechanism of some serotonin family receptors, led by Xu Huaqiang, a doctoral tutor at National Science University and a researcher at Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with Zhang Yan, a professor at Zhejiang University, and David E. Gloriam, a professor at Copenhagen University, Denmark, etc. The research results "gpcrs steergi and GS selectivity via tm5-tm6 switches as revealed by structures of serotonin receivers" were published online on Molecular Cell. Huang Sijie and Xu Peiyu, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, Shen Dandan, research assistant of School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang University, and Icaro A. Simon, University of Copenhagen, Denmark are the co-first authors of this paper.

This study has made another progress in the field of structure and function of serotonin receptor, and successfully analyzed the three-dimensional structure of 5- HT, 5-HT, 5-HT receptor and activated G protein (Gs protein) and 5-HT receptor and inhibited G protein (Gi protein). The structural basis of small molecular ligands 5-HT and 5-CT recognizing 5- HT receptor subtypes was revealed, and the molecular mechanism of 5- HT receptor selectively coupling Gs protein and Gi protein was clarified. Huang Sijie and Xu Peiyu, Ph.D. students of National Science and Technology University, Shen Dandan, research assistant of School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang University, and Icaro A. Simon, University of Copenhagen, Denmark are the co-first authors of this paper.

Tian Zhixi, a doctoral supervisor of National Science and Technology University of China and a researcher of Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, cloned an important gene regulating soybean grain size and quality. Through genome-wide association study analysis of more than 1,800 soybean germplasm resources, a stable signal interval related to grain thickness was identified on chromosome 5, which overlapped with many reported candidate QTL intervals for yield, oil content and protein content. The team further combined with the analysis of multi-omics data to determine a gene GmST05 (Seed Thickness 05) which controls the thickness and size of soybean seeds.

The research results were published online in Plant Biotechnology Journal with the title "Natural Allelic Variation of GMST 05 Controlling Seed Size and Quality in Soybean". Duan Zongbiao, a doctoral student at National Science and Technology University, and Sharla Cheung, an assistant researcher, are co-first authors, and Tian Zhixi is a correspondent.

This issue of scientific research express is here.

Original title: "New progress in scientific research, coming! 》

Read the original text

　　As a special road facility to help visually impaired people walk, an important prerequisite for blind roads is safety and anti-skid. In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of urban renewal in Zhangzhou, the municipal departments of Zhangzhou have upgraded many roads in the old city, and improved the smoothness and comfort of sidewalks, especially the consistency and safety of blind road traffic, by lowering kerb ramps, connecting blind road breakpoints and repairing damaged pavement bricks. However, there are still many citizens who report that there is a "skid" phenomenon in the blind roads passing through some sections. Is the blind road in Zhangzhou safe and anti-skid? The reporter visited and investigated this.

Venue: Shengli West Road (Xiyangping to Zhangzhou No.1 Middle Section)

Blind road: newly paved permeable brick　

Shengli West Road (Xiyangping-Zhangzhou I Middle Section), which just resumed traffic a few days ago, has a large traffic volume, and pedestrians and electric vehicles travel intensively. The red and gray blocks on the newly paved sidewalk clearly distinguish non-motor vehicle lanes from pedestrian walkways. On the gray pedestrian passage, the yellow blind road paved with permeable bricks is particularly eye-catching.

▲ The blind road of Shengli West Road (Xinhuadu section) is clearly distinguished.

The reporter tried to walk blindfolded on the blind road of this section, and there was a clear concave-convex feeling under his feet. The strip-shaped blind road brick indicating the forward direction was basically the same as the permeable concrete pavement on both sides, and there was no discomfort when he accidentally stepped on the brick surface. The blind road paving brick at the end of the road section has been changed into a round stop brick, and a long gentle slope has also been set when getting off the curb. During the hundreds of meters’ journey, except for the tension caused by "invisibility", there is no feeling of slipping under the feet. Subsequently, the reporter poured water on the brick surface to experiment, and the water quickly penetrated into the brick surface, and there was also a clear sense of friction when stepping on it again.

"Laying blind roads with materials with strong water permeability can minimize water accumulation in rainy days and prevent special people from slipping when passing." The person in charge of the Engineering Department of the Municipal Engineering Center told the reporter that in the reconstruction of this section, Zhangzhou chose silica sand permeable blind brick, and the surface of the brick has many small concave and convex points, which is not only good in water permeability, anti-skid and weathering resistance, but also has the characteristics of noise reduction and sound absorption, which can slightly absorb the noise generated by vehicles while preventing the road from slipping.

Blind roads not only pay attention to non-slip in material design, but also pay attention to the location of laying. "In this renovation, we laid the sidewalk close to the inner side of the building along the street, and the blind road was set in the middle of the sidewalk, as far as possible away from the non-motor vehicle lane, to avoid the non-motor vehicle from accidentally pressing the blind road and slipping to the greatest extent." The person in charge of the project of Zhangzhou Chengtou Municipal Investment Group said that although the original intention of setting the blind road was to provide guidance for the blind on the sidewalk, many citizens would "borrow the road" to ride on the sidewalk when the traffic volume was heavy during the rush hour. If you just ride the strip guide bricks on the blind road at this time and the speed is too fast, it is very likely that the tires will slip and yaw. Especially in rainy days, when driving an electric vehicle through the blind road, it is very easy to slip and swing when changing speed, braking suddenly and turning because of the small tires and weak friction.

"Sometimes when I walk, I will meet someone riding a bicycle in the opposite direction on the sidewalk, and the speed is quite fast. In order to avoid them, I often have to dodge in a hurry. As a visually sound person walking on the road, there are still so many hidden dangers. It is hard to imagine what a blind friend should do if he encounters such a situation when walking in a blind road. " In the view of citizen Huang Ruzhen, electric vehicles should try their best to take non-motor vehicle lanes. When it is really necessary to "borrow roads" to walk on sidewalks, cyclists should also slow down and be polite to pedestrians, and avoid riding in blind areas. Pedestrians should also avoid blind roads when walking. "Don’t occupy blind roads just for the sake of convenience. After all, blind roads are designed for blind people to pass, not for cycling. Only when everyone goes his own way and abides by the rules can the possible hidden dangers be fundamentally eliminated, which also reflects the civilized quality of our citizens. " Huang Ruzhen said.

Venue: Bridge deck of Xinpu Road (Danxia Road to Jiulong Avenue)

Blind road: hot melt marking　

Water-permeable brick has become a new darling in road construction in recent years because of its good water-permeable and anti-skid performance and high safety factor, and is used in more and more municipal road projects. However, in the early road construction before the rise of permeable bricks, the blind roads in some sections of the old city were mainly made of colored bricks, marble slabs and thunderbolt bricks, with different water permeability and anti-skid performance, and many cycling skidding incidents that made the citizens complain often occurred in such sections.

On June 10th, a news report that "the blind road became a slipway and the citizens slipped on rainy days" triggered a heated discussion among many citizens. The reporter visited the bridge deck sidewalk of Xinpu Road (Danxia Road to Jiulong Avenue), where the incident occurred, and found that the blind road in this section had been re-bricked, fenced and set up warning signs.

According to the person in charge of the construction unit, the road section was located in the red line of the bridge, and the early construction was limited by the objective conditions such as insufficient height of the original sidewalk. In order to avoid affecting the bridge structure, only a thin color brick material was selected at that time, although it met the national regulations and there were suppressed strip-shaped blind lines, but with the extension of service life, there was a real risk of slippery when riding through the brick surface in rainy days. Because of the particularity of this section, it is impossible to use thick permeable bricks for laying. In this reconstruction, the construction unit used hot melt materials to mark the blind road guide line.

"In fact, we have rectified this section many times. Because of the limitation of bridge deck construction, we have tried different materials to lay it. Although it is not as high as water permeable bricks, the friction under the feet is enough when the blind people pass through the rectification, even if they walk in rainy days, it is safe. " The person in charge of the construction unit has no choice but to say that whether the blind road is selected with permeable bricks or hot-melt materials, the target object is the blind after all. Non-motor vehicles will "borrow roads" to crush the blind road for a long time, which will lead to excessive load bearing of the paving bricks and serious wear of the brick surface, so the blind road bricks often break and need to be replaced frequently.

"If it is damaged, it will have to be renovated and replaced with bricks. If it is renovated, it will have to be blocked for construction. It is inconvenient for everyone to travel and resentment will be even greater. This is a vicious circle." Xiao Junjie, a resident of a nearby community, sighed.

Coincidentally, the blind road on Zhongshan Bridge is paved with stainless steel due to its special location and early design planning. The reporter saw at the scene that the stainless steel blind road next to the pavilion in the bridge has clear bar and dot indication graphics, but there are many non-motor vehicles parked on the blind road, which has caused obstacles in barrier-free facilities, and the occupied blind road has become a "broken road". "Every time we walk through here, we don’t feel the skid under our feet, but the vehicles touched by the blind guide often make us feel that there is no way to go." Chen Tengwen, a visually impaired person, said helplessly.

▲ Blind Road Dot Stop Brick on Zhongshan Bridge

The person in charge of the Engineering Department of Zhangzhou Municipal Engineering Center told the reporter that in view of the unreasonable layout, non-conforming settings and materials of some blind roads in the early construction, Zhangzhou has continuously intensified its rectification efforts in recent years, focusing on the setting and safety of blind roads while upgrading the sidewalk pavement, so that the blind roads can be "excellent" and more convenient for visually impaired people to pass. At present, the blind roads of Yimin Road, Nanchang Road, Narcissus Street, Yuanguang North and South Road, Xinhua South Road, Ruijing Road, Daxi Lane, Qingnian Road, Shiyuan West Road, Beicang Road, Xiabei Road, Zhishan Park Road, Gan Tang Road, Huimin Road, Jinling Road, Shengli Road and Zhangxiang Road in the central city have all been updated with water-permeable bricks and sand-based water-permeable bricks with good anti-skid performance.

Related links: Creating a civilized city needs you and me to "help the blind"　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　 　

When the reporter blindfolded and tested whether the blind road was anti-skid from the visual angle of the blind, it was less than 100 meters away and he was frightened.

In the invisible world, I only hear the occasional sound of cars passing by. I was accidentally hit by a passerby who was in a hurry, so I had to stop at once, grope for the concave and convex feeling of the blind road by my feet, find the right direction and take my feet carefully again. A section of the road that can usually be completed in a minute or two, this time it was abruptly "moved" with its feet for more than 20 minutes. Fear is the only thought in my heart; The road under your feet is the only "real thing" that can be touched in the dark world.

The original intention of the experiment is to test whether the blind road is anti-skid, but the process of the experiment can not help but make people think: in a civilized city, can good barrier-free facilities really help the blind to travel? The safety, convenience and comfort of the passage of special people not only test the level of urban builders and managers, but also torture the moral and civilized level of citizens.

Of course, the blind road should be anti-slip, and civilized behavior should be "anti-slip". The blind road is the eyes of the blind. When we park motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles on the blind road, when we put breakfast stalls and newsstands on the blind road, when we ride on the blind road at will, the bricks are damaged, which is like blinding the blind and making them struggle.

A narrow blind road reflects the "people-oriented" concept that runs through the development of modern urban civilization, and also reflects the temperature of the city. Only by paying attention to the details of the construction and caring for the daily trifles can we really weave a "civilized network" to protect and serve special people, so that visually impaired people living in this city can feel more sense of security and happiness in the dark world. The creation of a civilized city needs you and me to "help the blind".

Source: Minnan Daily, Municipal Engineering Center.

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