Originally, it was just an ordinary criminal case, but when the police routinely tested DNA, it led to another child abduction case that had been covered up for 17 years. Recently, the People’s Court of Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province made a first-instance judgment on this child abduction case. The defendants Zhang, Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying constituted crime of trafficking in children and were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 2 years and 6 months to 5 years respectively.

　　At about 19: 00 on March 31st, 2001, Mr. and Mrs. Lin, who were doing small business in a market in Futian District, took their two daughters and their twin sons Xiao Da (a pseudonym) and Xiao Di (a pseudonym) to the supermarket. Soon after leaving home, everyone could not help laughing when they saw Xiao Da’s feet covered with her mother’s shoes. Because he was worried that he would not walk well, he asked Xiao Da to go home and find his grandmother to change shoes, so he didn’t have to follow him.

　　After that, Lin and others visited the supermarket for more than an hour. After returning home, they were told by their grandmother that Xiao Da went out to find them alone after changing his shoes, and has not returned yet. The distance from the supermarket to home is not far, but Lin launched relatives and friends to look back and forth several times, but did not find Xiao Da.

　　According to the security guard in the parking lot, he once saw a man in his 40 s holding Xiao Da, who was crying all the time. When the security guard saw it, he asked him. The man claimed that he and the child’s parents were fellow villagers, but he could also tell the situation of the child’s family, and the security guard did not stop him after listening.

　　Who is this man? Lin failed to check one by one from his acquaintances, thinking that Xiao Da must have been taken away by traffickers, so he quickly called the police and embarked on a long road of finding children.

　　In March 2018, in a detention center in a city in Guangdong Province, 22-year-old Jing Tsai (pseudonym) was detained according to law for theft. According to the results of police DNA test, Jingzai has no blood relationship with his parents registered in the household registration, but is in line with the blood sample of Lin and his wife, that is, Jingzai is Xiao Da, a lost child of Lin 17 years ago.

　　When Lin’s family cried with joy for this sudden good news, Shenzhen police quickly attacked and dug up clues from Jingzai’s adoptive parents. In September 2018, Zhang, his brother-in-law Zhong Moumou and his sister Zhang Mouying, who participated in the trafficking of Xiaoda, took the initiative to surrender to the public security organs.

　　According to Zhang’s confession, he lived near the crime scene that year. On the day of the crime, shortly after Xiao Da disappeared, a man named "A Jun" whom he knew brought him a little boy (Xiao Da), saying that he was an illegitimate child that others didn’t want, and gave it to Zhang Yangyang. Zhang did not ask again, and after accepting it, he was taken care of by his mother. More than 10 days later, because her mother was old and unwell, Zhang informed her brother-in-law, Zhong Moumou, to bring Xiao Da back to his hometown, a village in a town in Heyuan City.

　　After the child was brought back to the village, it quickly attracted the attention of other villagers, but Zhong Moumou and his wife claimed that the child was the illegitimate child of a friend from other places according to the reasons told by Zhang in advance. The child’s father died in a car accident, and the mother wants to remarry, so I want to entrust them to find a family to adopt.

　　After hearing the news, Zhu, who lives in the same village, quickly rushed to Zhong’s home. It turned out that just two years ago, Zhu’s 3-year-old grandson accidentally fell into the pond and drowned because of poor care by adults, and the whole family was heartbroken. Zhu and his wife, who have always felt guilty about their daughter, liked Xiao Da very much after seeing him healthy. After discussion, they decided to adopt Xiao Da on behalf of their daughter and son-in-law.

　　On April 29, 2001, the two sides signed a custody contract, stipulating that Zhong Moumou agreed to entrust the child to Zhu for custody, and Zhu paid Zhong Moumou 10,000 yuan as the original custody fee. The contract also stated that if there was abduction, Zhong Moumou would take full responsibility. After receiving the money, Zhong Moumou paid 3,000 yuan for milk powder according to Zhang’s request.

　　In this case, due to the long time interval between the incidents, coupled with the limited technical means of investigation in that year, and some important witnesses have died or left Shenzhen. Although the existing evidence can prove that the three defendants have committed the crime of abducting and selling children for profit, there are several chances hidden behind their "confession". In particular, Zhang’s confession either evaded the importance or said that he was too old to remember, resulting in some doubts about the details of the child’s transfer.

　　In order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of victims, crack down on crimes accurately and effectively, and ensure the quality of case handling, Futian District People’s Procuratorate undertook the careful deployment of prosecutors, took a multi-pronged approach, actively communicated with public security organs, coordinated and guided evidence collection, and helped victims to correctly defend their rights and get out of the shadows as soon as possible to return to normal life.

　　At the trial stage of the court, all three defendants argued that Xiao Da was left for his own adoption, and was later given to others because of real economic difficulties. There was no "selling for the purpose" of abducting children, and Zhang even put forward two new witnesses to prove it.

　　The prosecutor in charge made a strong complaint in court, which broke their luck psychology while popularizing the law: Zhang and Zhong each had four children and both had boys at the time of the crime. At that time, Zhang’s family income was about 1,500 yuan, and Zhong’s family income fluctuated between 500 and 1000 yuan, so they were hard-pressed when raising their own children. Therefore, it was not reasonable to adopt Xiao Da from the economic conditions or traditional ideas.

　　Xiao Da stayed in the two families for only about 29 days before and after, but Zhong Moumou and others charged Zhu an amount nearly 10 times more than his monthly income. As a nominal "original support", it is obviously unreasonable. According to article 17 of the opinions of the two high schools on punishing the abduction and trafficking of women and children according to law in March 2010, it should be recognized that Zhong Moumou and others have the subjective purpose of illegally profiting.

　　After the trial, the procuratorate and the public security organs started a new round of investigation and evidence collection on the new evidence presented in Zhang’s court. Investigators also went to Chongqing and found two witnesses in Zhang’s mouth. It was verified that they were not at the scene when the crime was committed, and the testimony they said was actually the situation that Zhang suddenly called a year ago. And this time is just after Xiao Da’s true identity is exposed. That is to say, the testimony was actually a confession after the event and did not have the real effect of on-site witness, so the court did not adopt it.

　　In the second trial, Zhang and his defenders did not put forward any new defense opinions in the face of this investigation result.

　　Finally, the court ruled that the defendants Zhang, Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying were convicted of crime of trafficking in children. At the same time, it was determined that Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying could truthfully confess the facts of the crime and had the plot of surrender. Finally, the defendant Zhang was sentenced to 5 years in prison and fined 10,000 yuan; The defendants Zhong Moumou and Zhang Mouying were each sentenced to 2 years and 6 months in prison and fined 10,000 yuan. (Reporter Tang Rong correspondent Wang Qian)

　　According to the monthly climate report released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on September 14th, according to the data so far this year, there is a 93.42% probability that 2023 will become the hottest year on record.

　　For many people, this summer seems to be particularly long and unbearable. In the past few months, rare high temperatures above 40℃ have continued to appear in many places in China, followed by heavy rainfall and floods; Globally, many countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia ushered in extreme heat waves early in April-May; Mountain fires raged in Canada and Hawaii in the United States, and the casualties were the highest on record; The abnormal warming of seawater around Britain and Ireland threatens the survival of fish … …

　　However, this summer’s extreme weather may be just a preview of the future. In fact, the summer in the northern hemisphere is indeed extending. A study published in Geophysical Research Letters shows that if no measures are taken to curb global warming, by 2100, the northern hemisphere will spend more than half of its time in summer every year. The extended summer will not only bring longer high temperature, but also witness more extreme weather events such as rainstorm and mountain fire, which will also bring severe tests to phenology and agriculture.

　　"If the trend of global warming is not contained, the climate model forecast shows that there is the possibility that winter will disappear at some time in the future." Guan Yuping, a professor at south china sea institute of oceanology, told The Paper, "It’s hard to imagine what the earth will be like then!"

　　"Arrive early and leave late" in summer

　　Guan Yuping and his collaborators did this research by accident and curiosity, but the "unexpected" discovery attracted the attention of the whole world.

　　In this study, they analyzed the climate data of the northern hemisphere from 1952 to 2011 and found that the average length of summer has increased from 78 days to 95 days under the influence of global warming. If no measures are taken under the current greenhouse gas emission, by 2100, the summer in the northern hemisphere will be as long as six months, and the length of the other three seasons will be shortened.

　　And this summer’s high temperature "early arrival and late departure" is confirming this trend.

　　As early as the beginning of April, record extreme high temperatures appeared in Southeast Asia and South Asia. At the end of April, the temperature in southwest Europe and North Africa was 20℃ higher than the normal level in the same period of last year, reaching the high temperature level that is usually only available in July and August. Subsequently, new records of high temperature emerged one after another, and many authoritative organizations announced that July this year has become the hottest month on record on earth.

　　Until the end of August, 28 provinces in France still issued orange heat wave warnings, the temperature in some parts of the Middle East exceeded 50℃, and the high temperature record in central America was still being refreshed … …

　　In addition to the high temperature, this summer’s unusual extreme weather events such as hurricanes, mountain fires and droughts have also brought unprecedented damage.

　　This summer, after the continuous extreme high temperature in North China, the Haihe River Basin experienced the heaviest rainfall and the biggest flood in 60 years. The rapid transformation of drought and flood has not only broken people’s conventional understanding of the weather, but also made disaster prevention and emergency prevention more complicated.

　　In May, the first residents in Canada were forced to evacuate due to mountain fires. As of August 19th, there were still more than 1,000 mountain fires burning continuously, and they suffered the "worst" forest fire season in history. In the middle and late July, more than a thousand wildfires occurred in many places in Greece, causing air pollution equivalent to consuming 2.3 million barrels of oil; On August 15th, a mountain fire swept through Maui, Hawaii, USA. The worst mountain fire in the United States for more than a century caused 114 deaths and thousands of people lost contact, and the historic town of Lahaina was reduced to ashes … …

　　Premature continuous high temperature may be disastrous for human beings, animals and plants. The latest assessment of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that compared with before the industrial revolution, global warming of 1.5℃ will bring irreversible impacts on human beings and natural systems. As the global average temperature continues to rise, summer will start earlier and last longer, and the frequency of extreme weather events will also increase.

　　Phenology: biological rhythm that is no longer punctual

　　Abnormal seasonal changes and temperature changes also have a direct impact on biological rhythm. Flowering, Reproduction and Migration … … Everything in nature operates in an orderly way according to phenology, and climate change is disrupting this biological clock that has been calibrated in the past centuries of biological evolution.

　　The United Nations Environment Programme’s Frontier Report 2022: Noise, Fire and Phenology Mismatch points out that under climate change, not all species can evolve in the same direction and at the same rate. It is this mismatch that has a profound impact on the survival of species, and many species will become extinct.

　　A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that global warming is making the spring in North America start earlier and earlier. Birds can’t keep up with this change, and if they deviate from the best breeding time, they will miss the most abundant opportunity in their habitat, resulting in fewer young birds.

　　In America and the Middle East, record warm winters disrupt the hibernation cycle of bears. Walking in the forest in winter, they not only face food shortage, but also pose a threat to the safety of surrounding residents and forestry workers.

　　The extension of summer caused by global warming has also contributed to the spread of infectious diseases. Studies have shown that when the water temperature rises, the time from egg to adult can be shortened from two weeks to one week; When the temperature reaches 26℃ to 31℃, the replication of Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus in mosquitoes increases compared with 20℃, and their infectivity is enhanced.

　　In fact, this effect is already happening. So far this year, more than 3 million cases of dengue fever have been reported in America alone. Dengue fever is spreading to areas where Aedes aegypti would not have entered. In 2015, Mexico City at an altitude of 2,240 meters recorded the invasion of Aedes aegypti for the first time.

　　The damage of sewage system and the interruption of drinking water caused by extreme weather events such as hurricanes, rainstorms and floods will also increase the risk of various pathogens. At present, driven by the unusually warm ocean, the hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean has just begun to "wake up". On August 20th, California, usually unaffected by hurricanes, issued its first hurricane warning in 84 years.

　　Agriculture: Race against Climate Change

　　"Many farmers have reported that it is getting hotter and hotter now, or it is very hot early in the morning." Feng Qihua, a researcher on the impact of climate change on ecological small farmers, told The Paper, "For example, farmers in Pinggu, Beijing, had to cover themselves with quilts in the mountains at the beginning of June last year, but it was already too hot in June this year."

　　In order to investigate the impact of climate change and the accompanying abnormal weather, Feng Qihua and his colleagues visited 18 farms in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and South China from May 2022, and interviewed 28 ecological small farmers.

　　During her visit, she learned that due to the extreme high temperature in summer, many farmers had to change their working hours and go to work in the fields before 8 am and after 5 or 6 pm.

　　"(We) are racing against the speed of climate change now." She described it.

　　In addition, some farmers found that when winter is too warm or short, the base of overwintering pests increases, and abnormal temperature or precipitation changes break the population balance of pests and beneficial insects in the soil, so crops will be more susceptible to pests and diseases in spring.

　　However, in Feng Qihua’s view, the greatest impact on agricultural production is not the high temperature and summer extension itself, but the high uncertainty of seasonal change and extreme weather events. "The biggest problem with climate change is that the speed of warming is beyond the range that some systems can bear."

　　This not only means that it is difficult for farmers to arrange production according to the original traditional solar terms and phenological signals, but also means that crops are more likely to reduce production or commodity.

　　"If it is a natural climate change, time will usually happen slowly in hundreds of thousands of years, and animals and plants can often adapt to the environment or move to places suitable for survival, but now the speed of climate change caused by human beings is more than 100 years, which makes them far away ‘ Can’t keep up with the pace ’ 。” She said.

　　Beijing, June 7 (Xinhua)-Today, the national college entrance examination in 2021 will officially kick off, and 10.78 million candidates will rush to the examination room to meet a big exam on the road of life. How to prevent epidemic in the examination room this year, and how to provide good protection for candidates in various places … For this year’s college entrance examination, this information needs to be understood.

　　10.78 million students went to the exam today.

　　According to the previously released schedule, the unified entrance examination for colleges and universities nationwide in 2021 will be held from June 7th to 8th.

　　The specific subject examination schedule is: June 7, Chinese from 9:00 to 11: 30; Math is from 15:00 to 17:00. On June 8, liberal arts comprehensive/science comprehensive from 9:00 to 11: 30; Foreign languages from 15:00 to 17:00.

　　In addition, some provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) also arranged some examination subjects on the 9th and 10th due to different examination subjects.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Education, in 2021, the number of applicants for the national college entrance examination was 10.78 million, an increase of 70,000 compared with last year and a new high.

　　In terms of examination room setting, this year, there are more than 7,200 examination centers and 466,000 examination rooms (including 26,000 spare isolation examination rooms), and there are more than 1.4 million staff involved in the examination, including more than 950,000 invigilators.

　　Epidemic prevention is not relaxed. Guangzhou sets up a special examination room for nucleic acid positive candidates

　　Recently, there have been cases of local infection and transmission in some places. According to experts from China CDC, the current situation of epidemic prevention and control is still grim, and it is necessary to continue to implement various prevention and control measures in accordance with the requirements of normalization prevention and control.

　　As early as the beginning of February this year, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Enrollment of Colleges and Universities in 2021".

　　The "Notice" requires that the daily temperature measurement and physical health monitoring of candidates and examiners should be done well, and each test center should be equipped with an anti-epidemic assistant examiner as required, and necessary isolation examination rooms and facilities should be set up, equipped with sufficient anti-epidemic materials.

　　Conscientiously implement measures such as temperature detection, comprehensive disinfection, ventilation and spacing in the examination room. Carry out full coverage epidemic prevention education and training to ensure that all candidates and examiners are familiar with epidemic prevention knowledge and operation procedures.

　　Recently, the epidemic situation in Guangzhou has touched people’s hearts, and local epidemic prevention arrangements have been carried out to ensure the smooth progress of the college entrance examination.

　　At the press conference on epidemic prevention and control in Guangzhou held on June 5, the relevant person in charge of the Guangzhou Municipal Health and Wellness Committee introduced that Guangzhou divided the test sites into two categories: ordinary test sites and isolated test sites. In the ordinary examination center, there are ordinary examination rooms, standby examination rooms and isolated examination rooms respectively. Different types of candidates will be arranged in the corresponding examination rooms, and different protection standards and requirements will be adopted to ensure that the trajectories do not cross each other and are completely spaced apart in space.

　　For candidates who are positive for nucleic acid testing, Guangzhou has set up a special examination room in designated medical institutions to ensure that candidates can take the test smoothly to the maximum extent.

　　For candidates in the sealed-off area, candidates with secret access, candidates with sub-secret access, etc., special cars and special drivers are used to shuttle to and from the isolated test sites. The drivers of the special cars have undergone strict health inspection, vaccination and nucleic acid detection.

　　During the flood season, many departments across the country cooperated to prevent flood and high temperature.

　　In June, China entered the flood season in an all-round way, which is in the summer. Flood control and heatstroke prevention and cooling work are also related to whether the exam can be held smoothly.

　　According to the forecast and analysis of China Meteorological Bureau, during the college entrance examination this year (June 7-9), there will be high temperature weather in southern North China, Huanghuai and other places; There are showers in northern and northeastern China; There is obvious rainfall from west to east in the eastern part of southwest China, Jiangnan and South China.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Education, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other departments have instructed all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to focus on the safety of the college entrance examination and the special inspection of epidemic prevention. In view of the sudden natural disasters, extreme weather, epidemic spread, etc. that may occur during the examination, all localities are required to check the emergency plan and emergency drills to ensure that in the event of an emergency, personnel from all departments can respond quickly, cooperate with each other and handle it safely.

　　From the local point of view, in order to cope with extreme weather, all localities have made arrangements in advance and launched multi-departmental linkage to escort the college entrance examination.

　　At present, Guangdong is in the period of "Dragon Boat Water" rainfall concentration. The Guangdong Provincial Security Committee, the Provincial Third Prevention Office and the Provincial Emergency Management Department issued a notice requesting relevant departments to repeatedly pull the net to check the low-lying areas and hidden points of geological disasters around the college entrance examination room, so as to eliminate potential safety hazards in time. Implement emergency control measures for examination rooms vulnerable to floods, landslides and other disasters.

　　In terms of heatstroke prevention and cooling, on the 4th, Shaanxi Province issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Heatstroke Prevention and Cooling during the College Entrance Examination, requiring education administrative departments at all levels and enrollment examination institutions to do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling during the college entrance examination while coordinating the prevention and control of the epidemic, so as to create a cool and comfortable examination environment for candidates.

　　The "Notice" clarifies that the heatstroke prevention and cooling work in the examination room can be done in flexible and diverse forms such as air conditioning, electric fans and ice cubes; Guide each test center to reasonably prepare alcohol wipes, drinking water and other heatstroke prevention and cooling items and medicines, provide thoughtful services for candidates to wait for the exam and ensure the reasonable needs of candidates during the exam.

　　Strictly crack down on cheating in exams and guard against rumors of college entrance examination.

　　In addition to doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control, all localities are also strictly grasping the examination discipline.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Education announced the telephone numbers of the Ministry of Education and the education administrative departments and enrollment examination institutions of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2021. The Ministry of Education said that the Ministry of Education and all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will work with relevant departments to check and deal with the clues as soon as possible, and resolutely safeguard the fairness and justice of the college entrance examination.

　　In addition, the Ministry of Education also introduced that on the eve of the college entrance examination this year, local public security organs have continuously detected many cases of cheating in organizational examinations, and criminal gangs involved used the Internet to recruit cheating candidates in an attempt to use wireless cheating equipment to assist candidates in cheating. The public security organs, together with the education and market supervision departments, will continue to maintain a "zero tolerance" attitude towards the crimes involved in the examination, severely crack down on all kinds of illegal and criminal activities of "assisting the examination" and effectively ensure the safety of the 2021 college entrance examination.

　　At the national video conference on the safety of college entrance examination held in May this year, the Ministry of Education said that it is necessary to strictly examine the qualifications of candidates, resolutely crack down on and control illegal behaviors such as "college entrance examination immigrants", strictly implement the enrollment policy, and take practical and effective measures to prevent impostors from entering universities.

　　On the eve of the college entrance examination every year, there are always some bad institutions or criminals on the Internet who use the college entrance examination to spread false information, mislead candidates and the public, and even commit fraud.

　　To this end, on the eve of the college entrance examination this year, the Ministry of Education, together with the Central Network Information Office and the Ministry of Public Security, sorted out the fake news and false information of the college entrance examination that appeared frequently in recent years, such as "selling the answers to the college entrance examination papers", "betting on the middle questions" and "low scores and high records", reminding the majority of candidates and parents to distinguish online rumors and beware of being deceived.

[technology circle]

Can Huawei P70 be booked? The store responded.

The trend of Huawei P70 series attracts consumers’ attention. Recently, some media reported that Huawei authorized stores began to accept blind ordering of P70 series products. On April 3rd, the reporter learned from two Huawei flagship stores in Shenzhen that the P70 series products can’t be booked at present. Huawei’s flagship store in Putian, Shenzhen, said that it has not received Huawei’s official notice yet, and it is recommended to continue to pay attention to Huawei terminals. Huawei’s flagship store in Nanshan, Shenzhen, said that the store can’t book P70 yet. In Shenzhen Huaqiang North Huawei authorized store, the staff told reporters: "Huawei P70 can’t be booked yet. You can add staff enterprise WeChat, and consumers will be notified when you can make a reservation later. " (CSI Taurus)

What is the influence geometry of Taiwan Province earthquake semiconductor factory? TSMC and UMC responded.

On April 3, several earthquakes occurred in Hualien County, Taiwan, with the largest magnitude of 7.3. Taiwan Province is an important place for semiconductor manufacturing in the world, and some semiconductor factories in Taiwan Province have responded to the earthquake. Among them, TSMC replied to the reporter that some factories had been evacuated, some machines of UMC were shut down, and Lianhua Electronics suspended the operation of some factory machinery and equipment. Qunlian Electronics replied to the reporter that the cooperative processing factory is still checking the impact of the earthquake. There are also earthquakes in some parts of Japan. Xia replied to the reporter that there is no news about the impact of the earthquake.

Google says it will release "AI SPRINTERS"

According to reports, Google said it would release "AI SPRINTERS" and promised to invest $15 million to support artificial intelligence skills.

Internet

The number of South Korean users of Pinduoduo’s Temu3 increased by more than 40% in March.

It is reported that the number of cross-border e-commerce "Temu" owned by China e-commerce platform "Pinduoduo" in South Korea increased by more than 40% last month, almost surpassing AliExpress owned by Alibaba. Two Korean service providers, Wiseapp·Retail·Goods and IGAWorks, both estimated that the number of Temu3 users increased by more than 2 million in March, and the number of users almost surpassed that of AliExpress. According to data from IGAWorks, the number of Korean users of AliExpress in March was more than 6.941 million.

[Car ring]

Lei Jun: Xiaomi SU7 has more than 100,000 people, and the number of lock orders has exceeded 40,000.

On the morning of April 3rd, the first delivery ceremony of Xiaomi SU7 was held in the assembly workshop of Xiaomi Automobile Factory in Yizhuang, Beijing. Lei Jun, the chairman of Xiaomi Group, revealed that in just a few days, Xiaomi SU7 had more than 100,000 people’s orders, and the number of lock orders had exceeded 40,000. In addition, regarding the bottleneck problem of production capacity, Xiaomi responded to the reporter that Xiaomi Automobile Factory has gone all out to increase production capacity, and fully mobilized supply chain partners to fully guarantee supply, and steadily promoted the delivery of existing orders as soon as possible and the orderly handling of future orders to ensure the delivery experience of users. (Securities Times)

Xiaomi Automobile Factory: The current daily production capacity is less than 300 vehicles, and the supplier said that "an email requesting to increase the spare parts production capacity has been received".

On the morning of April 3, a supplier who visited Xiaomi Automobile Factory told reporters that his company had recently received an email from Xiaomi Automobile requesting to increase the production capacity of accessories. "Xiaomi Automobile has raised the original planned monthly production of about 7,000 vehicles to about 12,000 vehicles." However, the above-mentioned Xiaomi automobile suppliers admit that although all suppliers can supply the accessories needed by Xiaomi automobile, its own production capacity is still difficult to achieve (this goal) in a short time. When the reporter visited, he found that at present, Xiaomi Automobile Factory is still advancing according to the single-shift production system and has not worked overtime. "After communicating with the person in charge of Xiaomi Automobile Factory, I learned that the existing daily production capacity of Xiaomi Automobile Factory is less than 300." The above-mentioned Xiaomi automobile supplier revealed to reporters. According to several suppliers of Xiaomi Automobile, Xiaomi Automobile has increased its annual production capacity demand to 120,000 units in 2024. In this regard, the reporter verified the Xiaomi Group, but as of press time, no response was received. (national business daily)

Krypton responded to "restart the US IPO": it has been filed with the SEC and is preparing for it.

According to reports, a person familiar with the matter has revealed that Krypton has restarted the US IPO plan and may raise up to 500 million US dollars. In a statement in response to the media, Krypton said that the company has filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and is making preparations. Krypton submitted an IPO prospectus to the SEC in November last year.

LI was reduced by Wang Xing and the company responded.

On April 3, the equity disclosure materials of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange showed that Wang Xing, the founder, director and controlling shareholder of Meituan, once again reduced his holdings of LI shares. Regarding Wang Xing’s reduction, LI responded that recently, Wang Xing sold LI shares, and the specific number of shares is subject to the equity statement filed by Wang Xing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. This stock trading is a personal act, and the transaction accounts for a small part of his total shareholding, and does not involve the shareholding of Meituan. (CSI Taurus)

LI: Launching Matrix Organization 2.0 to integrate products and commerce.

On the afternoon of April 3rd, LI issued a staff announcement, announcing the start of upgrading Matrix Organization 2.0, and at the same time adjusting the organizational structure of several departments. Specifically, this organizational change is mainly concentrated in the CEO’s office department in LI. In this announcement, the CEO’s office was officially renamed as "Product and Strategy Group", which focused more on products and strategies and weakened the functions of supply chain and commercial sales. For this adjustment, insiders said that the product line is mainly responsible for the decision-making and trading of product commercial success, achieving an overall goal: commercial success means customer satisfaction and the company making money. (36Kr)

The net profit of the five listed car companies last year was 60.9 billion yuan: BYD accounted for nearly half, and the net profit of the three companies declined.

A few days ago, five listed passenger car companies, including BYD, Great Wall Motor, Guangzhou Automobile Group, SAIC and Geely Automobile, all released their 2023 financial reports. Among them, SAIC’s revenue still ranked first, at 726.199 billion yuan. Two private car companies, BYD and Geely Automobile, both achieved double growth in revenue and net profit, especially BYD’s net profit exceeded 30 billion yuan; Great Wall Motor, Guangzhou Automobile Group and SAIC saw a decline in net profit, among which Guangzhou Automobile Group’s net profit was close to the waist. In total, the net profit of the five car companies totaled 60.906 billion yuan, with BYD accounting for nearly half.

BYD sold more than 300,000 vehicles in March, and the second-generation blade battery was released in August.

A few days ago, BYD Auto announced its sales data in March, and the cumulative sales of new cars in that month was about 302,500, a year-on-year increase of 46.06%. Among them, the export volume of passenger cars was 38,434, up 65% from the previous month and 188.72% from the same period last year. "BYD is currently developing the second generation of blade batteries, which will be released as early as August 2024." At the investor communication meeting of BYD’s 2023 financial report, Wang Chuanfu, chairman and president of BYD, said. It is reported that the energy density of the second generation blade battery will reach 190Wh/kg, and the battery life of pure electric vehicles will exceed 1000km.

Tesla introduced the 0 interest financial policy for the first time.

Tesla China announced in Weibo today that it will launch a low-interest replacement policy for Model 3/Y models in limited time, and for the first time, it will launch a preferential policy of "zero interest" to buy cars by stages. Order the latest Model 3/Y model before the end of April, and you can enjoy 0 interest rate for 3 years or ultra-low interest rate for 5 years. Take three years and 36 interest-free periods as an example. With a down payment of 79,900 yuan, you can drive away a Model Y, with a daily supply of up to 171 yuan.

[new energy]

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited: The company’s condensed battery is in the cooperative development of the civil electric manned aircraft project.

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited said on the interactive platform that the company’s condensed battery energy density can reach up to 500Wh/kg, and is cooperating in the development of civil electric manned aircraft projects, implementing aviation-grade standards and tests to meet the safety and quality requirements of aviation-grade. At the same time, it will also launch a vehicle-grade application version of condensed battery.

[Big consumption]

Chow Tai Fook, Zhou Shengsheng, Lao Fengxiang and other gold jewelry collectively exceed 700 yuan per gram.

On April 3rd, CBN reporter inquired about the official platforms of Chow Tai Fook, Zhou Shengsheng, Lao Fengxiang and other brands of gold ornaments, and found that the gold price of gold ornaments of many gold ornaments brands exceeded the 700 yuan per gram on April 3rd.

Ziyan Food: 30 million yuan is planned to participate in the establishment of equity investment fund.

Ziyan Food announced that it has signed the Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement with Shenzhen Tiantu Capital Management Center (Limited Partnership) and plans to jointly launch a food equity investment fund. The company plans to contribute no more than 30 million yuan.

[real estate]

Is it true that the insurance company and the company negotiate the debt extension? Vanke responded

Some investors have asked Vanke questions on the interactive platform. Is it true that the market rumors that insurance companies and companies are negotiating and negotiating the debt extension? Vanke replied that Vanke has always maintained diversified financing channels. With the increase of operating business, the insurance real estate debt investment plan has become one of the financing channels, and its long-term characteristics can match the characteristics of operating business and financing needs. When Vanke and insurance institutions set up real estate creditor’s rights investment plans, they will generally set the total duration of the investment plan to 10 years or more, and set the time point of option within this period, some of which are two-way and some are one-way, so as to retain financial flexibility, which is the usual operation of the industry. Every time when faced with the option of redemption, both parties will communicate in advance, and communicate on the survival plan such as interest rate and term, which is a routine business communication.

Financial circles

How did the Postal Savings Bank achieve a net interest margin of over 2% last year? President Liu Jianjun responded like this.

In 2023, the net interest margin of Postal Savings Bank was 2.01%, ranking first among the six state-owned banks. Compared with 2022, it has narrowed by 19BP. The growth rate of net interest income was 3%, 1.44 percentage points higher than that in 2022, ranking first among the six major banks. Other major banks except Bank of China increased by 1.27%, all of which were negative growth. Liu Jianjun, president of the Postal Savings Bank, said: "The Postal Savings Bank actively responded to market changes, accelerated the cultivation of differentiated growth poles, and made some countercyclical changes. Being able to achieve such results also fully verifies that differentiated growth has brought us different business results. "

Express delivery industry

Yunda was interviewed because of the blind box of express delivery. The company responded: it is waiting for the police investigation results.

On April 2nd, the Market Supervision Department of the State Post Bureau interviewed Shanghai Yunda Freight Co., Ltd., the headquarters of Yunda Express Company in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, about the illegal handling of returned pieces by users, and ordered it to strictly implement the unified management responsibility of its service network, promptly rectify the violations and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of users; It is also required to actively cooperate with relevant departments to investigate and deal with the problem of illegal handling of user returns by Yiwu Yunda Beiyuan outlets. The reason for this interview is that express outlets sell blind boxes for express delivery. In this case, the relevant person in charge of Yunda told CBN that he was waiting for the results of the police investigation.

Aerospace

The cost of air meals has shrunk into a trend: the cost of meals for China Southern Airlines is 18 yuan per person, while that for China Eastern Airlines is less than 26 yuan.

A few days ago, China Air China, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines released their 2023 financial reports. After comparing the financial data of the three major airlines, the reporter found that compared with 2019, the cost of air meals and the proportion of total operating costs of the three major airlines are declining, and the per capita cost of air meals for passengers is significantly reduced. After calculating the total cost of meals in the past year according to the number of passengers, the per capita cost of meals in the three major airlines is 18.05 yuan for China Southern Airlines, 24.02 yuan for Air China and 25.8 yuan for China Eastern Airlines. (@ beijing business today)

[medical care]

Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has sold about 860,000 copies of problem health products, and Osaka City, Japan has set up a countermeasure headquarters.

According to Japanese media reports on April 3, local time, regarding the health damage of consumers caused by Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Company’s health products containing monascus ingredients, Osaka City set up a countermeasure headquarters that morning and held its first meeting to confirm the recall of products containing monascus ingredients and the investigation progress of the cause of the incident. It is reported that the Osaka municipal government has ordered the company to recall three products containing monascus ingredients according to the Food Hygiene Law. According to the report, related products have sold about 860,000 copies in about 23,000 stores in 129 regions of Japan. At present, the health centers are confirming the specific sales of related commodities. (CCTV News)

Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Company of Japan decided to stop recruiting new graduates in 2025.

According to Japanese media reports on April 3, local time, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Company of Japan has decided to stop recruiting new graduates in 2025. Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. said that this decision was made after comprehensive judgment, considering the social impact of the company’s health care products containing monascus ingredients. It is reported that students who have applied to apply for Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Company have received the notice of termination of the recruitment plan from March 30th to 31st. (CCTV News)

Tomson Bianjian: Natto Hongqu Capsule meets the national food safety standards.

Tomson Bianjian replied to investors on the interactive platform that the "Shubaining Natto Monascus Capsule" produced and operated by the company is a health food approved by the State Administration of Market Supervision, and the approval number is Guo Shi Jian Zhu G20200358. The product is produced in strict accordance with the contents approved by the product approval certificate, and the raw materials of monascus used are purchased from patented raw materials produced by domestic suppliers, and the quality meets the requirements of the industry standard of QB/T2847 Functional Monascus Rice (Powder). The products have passed the factory inspection and meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations and national food safety standards.

Railway transportation

China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.: Trains on the lines affected by the Taiwan Province earthquake resumed operation one after another.

A 7.3 earthquake occurred in the waters off Hualien, Taiwan this morning, and some trains affected by the earthquake stopped. The reporter learned from China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. that at present, after the inspection of line equipment, the lines and trains affected by the earthquake have gradually resumed operation on the premise of ensuring safety. (CCTV News)

[Oil and gas exploitation]

Cosl: Some drilling platforms in the Middle East have been suspended.

Cosl announced that a few days ago, the company suddenly received a notice from a customer in the Middle East to suspend the operation of four drilling platforms, and the company is discussing with the customer the specific suspension time, follow-up arrangements and corresponding solutions. The suspension of this operation has a certain impact on the company’s original business expectations in the Middle East region, and the specific impact is still being further evaluated.

[construction industry]

China Nengjian Gezhouba Group won the bid for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

According to the news that China can build Gezhouba, on April 3rd, China Nengjian Gezhouba Group won the bid for the 7-bid project of civil construction and Jinjie electromechanical installation of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, with a bid amount of 2.733 billion yuan, which is scheduled to be completed in 2031. The project of diverting water from the Yangtze River to fill the Han River is the follow-up water source project of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and it is an important landmark project to speed up the construction of the main skeleton and artery of the national water network. After the project is completed, the average water regulation for many years is 3.9 billion cubic meters, and the static total investment is 55.158 billion yuan.

(Editor: Zheng Jiawei)

Chefs from all walks of life show off their cooking skills in a circle of friends. Can you stand it? So I moved all kinds of baking pans and pots and pans home every day, and finally, your kitchen couldn’t be piled up. The messy kitchen is getting more and more angry. What should I do? Julie R. Thomson, the food editor of Huffington Post, teaches you how to easily expand your kitchen storage space with these 11 tips.

This article is compiled with a few abridgements.

The kitchen is always the dirtiest place in the house. There are so many grotesque big electrical appliances and odds and ends waiting to be stored there, it’s strange not to be chaotic. Standing in a messy kitchen, everyone will fly into a rage.

However, there are some clever tricks that can help you cope with all this easily. They are simple and affordable, and you can do it yourself. They will make your kitchen more organized than you can imagine. Get ready, my friends. I promise you will fall in love with your kitchen again.

Customize a storage drawer for your small kitchen utensils.

This method can ensure that everything has its own specific position. All you need is to go to a home improvement shop and learn to use an electric drill.

Clever use of vertical storage box

Many people will use this kind of thing to store documents, but it is also very useful in the kitchen. Things that are not easy to store, such as chopping boards and baking pans, can be stored in them very neatly.

turn waste into treasure

This eliminated closet door not only allows you to store many small objects, but also looks quite artistic.

Label, label, label!

These clearly classified labels are not only practical, but also can be a part of your kitchen decoration.

Wonderful hole board

The hole board is nothing new, and the famous chef Julia Child is very good at using it. Use your imagination and give it a pot or something.

Start with a super-value storage rack for pots and pans

Yes, this thing really exists. You can install it yourself. Gone are the days when there is no room for cupboards to clean up all kinds of pots and pans. With this kind of shelf, everything can be put back in its original place, and it is very convenient to pick up.

Do some articles with wall-hung storage bags

This kind of storage bag can be hung behind the cupboard door of food, which can accommodate all kinds of small objects to the greatest extent and is quite useful.

Convert a cupboard into a pull-out trash can

Finding a suitable place to throw garbage is sometimes a tricky thing. Stuff the trash can into the cupboard and everything will be fine. In addition to the garbage bin with pulley, you can also choose to use a large jar.

look up (at sth)

On the top of the cupboard, there is often a little storage space. Of course you won’t put the most commonly used things there, but you can put some other things that need to be stored.

Make good use of those walls

We are often reluctant to use vertical storage in the kitchen, because not everyone has exquisite kitchen utensils worth displaying on the wall. However, if kitchen utensils and flowers are placed together, the eye-catching degree will be greatly improved.

The little magic of the turntable

This is absolutely a genius’s creation, and every cupboard should have one (or ten) of these round turntables.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 29th (Reporter Lu Guoqiang) Beijing police launched the "110 Internet (mobile phone) alarm platform" APP on September 29th, which can accept reports of criminal and public security cases and clues of illegal crimes except emergencies. The platform will be put into trial operation on October 1st.

　　The person in charge of the service headquarters of the Beijing Public Security Bureau said that the alarm platform only accepts criminal and public security cases and clues of illegal crimes under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Public Security Bureau. When citizens call the police, they should leave a valid contact number, as well as ID number and address, etc., and truthfully fill in the police situation. The police promised to keep the personal information and information provided by the police strictly confidential.

　　110 police officers will receive real-time interactive calls for help, online answers, etc., and connect with the public security command and dispatch system in real time according to the police situation, and quickly transfer the police situation. The person in charge of the police also reminded that in case of emergency, you should call 110 directly.

　　The first phase of "110 Internet (mobile phone) alarm platform" will open functional modules such as "I want to call the police", "nearby police station", "frequently asked questions" and "personal center". As a supplementary channel of 110 telephone alarm, it can facilitate the alarm demand of the masses when it is not suitable to use the telephone to talk directly. When the masses call the police, they can upload pictures or video information directly, which is beneficial for the police to judge the situation on the spot, strengthen the preparation and improve the efficiency of police handling.

　　At the same time, the police said that those who deliberately lied to the police and disturbed the normal office order of public security organs would be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

　　● The so-called duplicate checking of papers refers to inquiring about the repetition rate of papers, aiming at coping with academic misconduct and plagiarism of academic papers.

　　The "duplicate checking rate" of graduation thesis in some schools has been reduced from the original 30% to 20%, and even more strictly to below 8%. In addition, the school has added a retrial link, that is, the quality of the graduation thesis of the graduated students is tracked and monitored. Once it is found that it is higher than the duplicate checking rate, the degree certificate and graduation certificate will be cancelled directly.

　　At present, there is still a lack of infrastructure to curb academic corruption. We should constantly strengthen supervision and supervision, improve the academic evaluation system, and establish good academic norms.

　　Legal Daily reporter Zhao Li

　　The graduation season is coming, and the accompanying paper duplicate checking has also been put on the agenda.

　　However, this year’s strict paper duplicate checking rate has made many fresh graduates "shiver". According to the survey, the "duplicate checking rate" of graduation thesis in some schools has been reduced from 30% to 20%, and even more strictly to below 8%. In addition, some schools have added a retrial link, that is, the quality of graduation thesis of graduated students is tracked and monitored. Once it is found that it is higher than the duplicate checking rate, the degree certificate and graduation certificate will be cancelled directly.

　　On February 22 this year, the Ministry of Education announced the main points of work in 2019. In higher education, the Ministry of Education will strengthen the supervision and investigation of academic misconduct, and this year, it will carry out sampling inspection of master’s and doctoral dissertations.

　　On February 27th, the Ministry of Education issued a document to further standardize and strengthen the management of postgraduate examination enrollment and training, and to investigate the fraudulent behavior of dissertations immediately, investigate it to the end, investigate it with responsibility, and never tolerate it, so as to achieve "zero tolerance".

　　On April 2, the Ministry of Education announced the Ministry of Education’s Departmental Budget for 2019 in official website, saying that in 2019, the Ministry of Education plans to sample about 6,000 doctoral dissertations (excluding the military system), and the sampling ratio is about 10% of the number of doctoral degrees awarded in the last academic year. In 2019, the sampling budget for dissertations was 8 million yuan.

　　Some critics say that China’s colleges and universities are entering the "strict out" era, and those fresh graduates who can walk into the print shop are the "winners in life" this graduation season, because they have finally reached the final step of completing their graduation thesis.

　　Paper duplication checking is becoming more and more strict.

　　Water injection writing is a thing of the past.

　　After writing the first time, the instructor asked me to quote the literature of the last three years as much as possible. So, check it again on HowNet, and then modify it. The publication time of references is also very important. Finally, you should count the year and date of three years ago, for fear of miscalculation. Now, although the thesis is handed over to the instructor again, I always dream that something has gone wrong when I sleep at night.

　　Lin Hai, a senior graduate who has found a good job, is still very anxious, because the paper is duplicated.

　　Check the first draft once, check it blindly, check it on behalf of the school, and check it again for the defense. Nowadays, "a paper is checked four times" is passed down by some graduates.

　　At present, there are three authoritative papers testing institutions in China: Gocheck VIP, CNKI and Wanfang. Paper duplication checking, also known as paper detection, mainly refers to inquiring the repetition rate of paper content, aiming at coping with academic misconduct and plagiarism of academic papers. The duplicate checking rate of paper detection is the percentage of duplicate words in the total number of words.

　　There are also some people who have already graduated, because of the random inspection of their papers, and they have to check again.

　　Liu Shan (pseudonym), who has graduated with a master’s degree, was selected by the college because of the selective examination of his dissertation by the local education department. "I can only take time to fill out various forms and entrust my schoolmate to help me find a tutor to sign."

　　The sampling papers originated from two documents issued in 2014.

　　In 2014, the state issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Quality Assurance and Supervision System for Degree and Postgraduate Education, clearly proposing to carry out sampling inspection of doctoral and master’s dissertations. In the same year, the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and the Ministry of Education jointly issued the Sampling Measures for Doctoral and Master’s Dissertations (Degree [2014] No.5).

　　According to the relevant regulations, the author, tutor and graduate school will face corresponding punishment after sampling problems in doctoral thesis. The author of the thesis will be revoked his degree and the tutor will be stopped from enrolling students.

　　In September last year, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Paying Close Attention to the Implementation of the Spirit of the National Conference on Undergraduate Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era, emphasizing that colleges and universities should comprehensively sort out the teaching contents of various courses, eliminate "water courses", create "gold courses", strictly control the exit of graduation and resolutely cancel the "clear examination" system.

　　In October of the same year, the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of High-level Undergraduate Education and Improving the Ability of Cultivating Talents in an All-round Way", which clearly proposed to strengthen the whole process management of the topics, topics and defense of graduation design (thesis), strictly monitor the form, content and difficulty, and improve the quality of graduation design (thesis). Strengthening the management of undergraduate graduation project (thesis) is a measure to pay close attention to undergraduate education and teaching.

　　In this year’s graduation season, many colleges and universities have strengthened their management in "strict out".

　　In April, Tsinghua University published the latest revised Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Disciplinary Actions against Students in Tsinghua University, in which there was a significant change, that is, the punishment for academic misconduct was increased, and those who plagiarized dissertations could be expelled from school. The original punishment was to give "the above punishment".

　　On May 5th, the Undergraduate School of Central South University issued a relevant notice, which made it clear that students whose "copy ratio" was 70% or above in the second test were suspected of serious paper fraud. If the fraud (plagiarism) was confirmed to be true, the college would study and deal with the students and their instructors seriously according to the regulations.

　　On May 6th, the Academic Affairs Office of Emei Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Checking and Testing the Graduation Design (Thesis) of 2019, requiring that the checking and testing of this graduation design (thesis) should increase the comparison database of college students’ theses (including this one). If students from the same department and school are found to plagiarize from each other, the Academic Affairs Office will start the investigation procedure and deal with it strictly.

　　Paper testing promotes business.

　　There are hidden traps in price concessions.

　　In order to prevent the repetition rate of papers from being too high and unqualified, most students will check the duplicates themselves.

　　According to a survey conducted by the reporter of Legal Daily, it has become the choice of many graduates to check the duplicate in Taobao or use the duplicate checking software before the school organizes duplicate checking.

　　However, the school does not allow graduates to check the papers privately. Those students who can’t guarantee that they can meet the requirements twice or the school doesn’t provide duplicate checking accounts often choose to go to the e-commerce platform to buy duplicate checking accounts for papers.

　　When the reporter searched for "paper duplicate checking" on the Internet, he saw various brands of duplicate checking products, with prices ranging from tens of yuan to hundreds of yuan, and the scope of duplicate checking covered from undergraduate graduation thesis to doctoral thesis. Some businesses can sell tens of thousands of times a month.

　　According to the reporter’s observation, the introduction information of the merchants is almost the same: the duplicate checking of this master’s thesis, the VIP5.2 system, the test results are consistent with those of colleges and universities, and the verification of authenticity is supported.

　　After communicating with the merchants, the reporter learned that generally, as long as the payment is based on the number of words in the paper, the corresponding order will be generated, and you can enter the self-service entrance of HowNet to check the duplicate. After completing the corresponding steps, you will get the duplicate check result in an hour.

　　Price concessions are one of the main reasons for the popularity of online duplicate checking service at present.

　　Take the Webmaster VIP5.1/TMLC2 system as an example, the lowest price for a duplicate check is around 280 yuan, and the highest price in the peak season is around 350 yuan. For the undergraduate PMLC system of HowNet, the lowest price for a duplicate check is around 130 yuan, and the highest price is around 180 yuan.

　　However, the Academic Misconduct Network once said in "Beware of the Low Price Trap in Taobao HowNet Paper Detection" that some ordinary versions of HowNet detection in 5 yuan and 1 yuan on Taobao are mostly "selling dog meat by hanging sheep’s head". Although a few low-cost tests can support the verification of the authenticity of HowNet, the verification time is very old, that is, the old report verification code is inserted into the ordinary version of the test.

　　However, some students who use other duplicate checking software are easily caught in a dilemma.

　　"Last year, I used two softwares to check the duplicate for insurance, but I got very different results, one was 29%, and the other was only 12%." Zhang Yan, a Beijing resident who has been working now, recalled that in order to be "more stable", she could only compare the two reports word for word and make changes to the overlapping parts.

　　To Zhang Yan’s chagrin, in the final report given by the college, the repetition rate of his papers was less than 10%. "This shows that the previous two duplicate checks are inaccurate, and the software duplicate checking technology is really flattering.".

　　There are not a few people who have had the same experience as Zhang Yan.

　　Some interviewees recalled that they used three different duplicate checking softwares, which were modified every time they checked, but the repetition rate of the last check actually increased instead of decreasing.

　　With the cake of paper duplicate checking getting bigger and bigger, an industrial chain with dense culverts is emerging, which makes the simple duplicate checking service move towards "weight reduction", "ghostwriting" and "piracy".

　　On an e-commerce platform, the reporter noticed that a professional and streamlined production line that circumvented the duplicate checking software was formed. A paper with a total length of more than 10,000 words, which requires that the duplicate checking rate be reduced from 22% to 5%, is quoted at a store in 850 yuan.

　　In addition, there are still many students who spit out the current check-up standard.

　　Lin Hai believes that it is still unfair to avoid duplication of academic misconduct to some extent. He told reporters that taking the study of ancient documents involved in his thesis as an example, this kind of humanities papers quoted more original words from other works, which invisibly led to a high duplicate checking rate. "Duplicate checking rate should not be a prerequisite for determining the quality of papers and whether students participate in defense."

　　The foundation of national rejuvenation lies in education, while the whole education lies in primary and secondary schools.

　　A 70-year history of basic education in China is also a true portrayal of new China’s development from backwardness to revitalization. At the beginning of the founding of New China, China’s per capita education was only 1.6 years. In 2018, this figure has risen to 10.6 years, and China’s education has made remarkable achievements.

　　Since the founding of New China, China’s basic education has achieved great-leap-forward development. From 1949 to 2018, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China increased from 0.4% (in 1950) to 81.7%, the net enrollment rate of primary school increased from 20% to 99.95%, the gross enrollment rate of junior high school increased from 3.1% to 100.9%, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high school increased from 1.1% to 88.8%, which left a great legacy in the history of human education.

　　70 years of hard work, 70 years of spring and autumn.

　　In the past 70 years, the face of China’s weak education foundation has been completely changed, among which basic education has played an important role. Over the past 70 years, China’s basic education has always walked with the tide of the times, condensed China’s experience for human education, issued China’s voice and contributed China’s wisdom.

　　Re-establish order and get on the right track

　　To rebuild order and stabilize the situation, at the beginning of the founding of New China, China’s basic education was gradually standardized in the process of exploration.

　　In December 1949, the first national conference on education was held after the founding of New China, which defined the general policy of national education and marked the transformation of China from semi-colonial and semi-feudal education to new-democratic education.

　　According to the general policy of education, the decision on the reform of the educational system, the first educational system document in New China, was promulgated in 1951, which made new provisions on the status, years and mutual connection of schools at all levels, and a team of professional teachers was initially formed. In 1952, the Provisional Regulations for Primary Schools (Draft) and the Provisional Regulations for Middle Schools (Draft) were officially promulgated, which comprehensively standardized the education and teaching of primary and secondary schools in China and formed the basic framework of the curriculum of primary and secondary schools in China. According to these two documents, the Ministry of Education has formulated a new syllabus for primary and secondary schools, and a new basic education curriculum system has been initially established in New China.

　　However, the old society left a mess for the education in new China, with illiteracy and semi-illiteracy accounting for more than 80% of the total population, and the enrollment rate of school-age children is only about 20%. Universal education, especially universal primary education, has become the top priority of education in new China.

　　By the end of 1965, China’s basic education had been fully restored, with 14.32 million students in secondary schools and 116.269 million students in primary schools, which were 6.9 times and 3.9 times higher than the highest in 1946 before the founding of New China, respectively, and the enrollment rate of school-age children reached 85%. General secondary education has trained more than 20 million graduates and a large number of labor reserve forces for the country, laying the foundation for the training of senior professionals. From 1949 to 1965, 102.723 million people were illiterate in China, with an average annual literacy rate of 6.043 million.

　　In 1977, education in China ushered in the long-awaited spring. At the beginning of his comeback, Deng Xiaoping volunteered to be in charge of education and science and technology. School education is out of chaos and back on track.

　　China entered the new period of reform and opening up with a heavy historical burden. Although many large-scale literacy campaigns have been carried out throughout the country before, and many times it has been proposed to popularize primary education within a time limit, in the early 1980s, primary education in China was still not universal.

　　The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) promulgated in 1982 put forward "universal primary compulsory education", which was the first time since the founding of New China that it was determined in the form of a constitution to popularize primary compulsory education in China, and became the fundamental follow-up for popularizing primary compulsory education everywhere.

　　After the reform and opening-up, China has entered a new situation of all-round socialist modernization. Where should the reform of primary and secondary education go? In 1983, the teaching reform experiment of Jingshan School in Beijing has gradually entered a new stage of comprehensive reform of primary and secondary education from a single experiment. With such questions, the teachers and students of this school put questions to Deng Xiaoping in a letter of more than 500 words. A few days later, Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Beijing Jingshan School: "Education should face modernization, the world and the future." These "three aspects" set the beacon of modern education in China and became the general policy of education reform in China.

　　In 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Education System Reform (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) was promulgated. The "Decision" proposed for the first time that "nine-year compulsory education should be implemented step by step". In order to achieve the grand goal of popularizing nine-year compulsory education, according to the national conditions at that time, the responsibility for developing basic education was handed over to local governments, and the state mobilized the enthusiasm of local governments for developing basic education, while local governments also relied on the people to run education. This system reform has promoted the rapid popularization of compulsory education in China.

　　In order to ensure the smooth implementation of compulsory education, in 1986, the nine-year compulsory education was written into the newly promulgated Compulsory Education Law, which provided special legal guarantee for the popularization of compulsory education, and China’s basic education embarked on the track of legalization.

　　A leap towards a big country in human resources

　　An educational history is a historical portrayal of a country’s revitalization and development.

　　From the establishment of universal compulsory education system in the form of national legislation in 1986, education equity rose to the will of the state for the first time, and the goal of "two basics" was fully realized in 2011. In these 25 years, China’s basic education opened a road of "quantity compensation" and "scale expansion".

　　This is a shining link in the history of China: on the one hand, it is connected with China’s century-old dream of popularizing compulsory education, and on the other hand, it is connected with China’s bright future of building a powerful country with human resources.

　　Achieving nine-year compulsory education in an all-round way and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people is a brilliant milestone in the history of education in China and the most ambitious foundation stone project for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　In the mid-1980s, the Republic faced the reality that knowledge regained respect, education order was restored soon, primary education was just popularized, and more than 200 million people were still illiterate and semi-illiterate.

　　In 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "by the end of this century, nine-year compulsory education will be basically popularized and illiteracy among young people will be basically eliminated" as an important goal for the development of China’s education in the 1990s.

　　Throughout the 1990s, education in China has been asking: When will nine-year compulsory education be popularized so that all school-age children can enter schools?

　　In 1993, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China, which opened a new era of education reform and development in China, and formally took "two basics" as a new goal.

　　At the national conference on education held in 1994, the "two basics" really changed from a goal to a national action, which became the top priority of China’s education work, and a military order was issued in 1996, 1998 and 2000.

　　Dezhou, located in the northwest of Shandong Province, had a local fiscal revenue of only 740 million yuan in 1996. In the three years since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, a total of 860 million yuan was allocated for education. On December 25, 1997, with the last county in Texas passing the acceptance of "Pujiu", this "Pujiu" attack, which lasted for three years and went up and down to Qi Xin, was fully completed.

　　Like Texas, in the 1990s, "Nine-Year Compulsory Education" was launched vigorously throughout the country. At that time, the national construction was still in its infancy, and under the condition of very tight financial resources, the multi-channel school-running strategy was adopted to widely mobilize local governments and the people to hold compulsory education. This has made a great historical contribution to basically achieving the goal of "two basics".

　　On January 1st, 2001, the government of China solemnly announced to the world that China had achieved the strategic goal of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young people as scheduled. By the end of 2000, the population coverage rate in the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" area reached 85%, and the illiteracy rate among young and middle-aged people dropped below 5%.

　　As a result, the Republic has turned from "basic realization ‘ Two basics ’ " To "fully realize ‘ Two basics ’ " Another chapter in. In 2003, the State Council held the first national conference on rural education since the founding of New China, and put forward the requirements for tackling the "two basics" in the western region: realizing the "two basics" goal in the western region in 2007.

　　Achieving this goal faces extremely difficult conditions and special difficulties. Among the 410 counties that have not achieved the "two basics", there are 215 poverty-stricken counties, 309 minority counties and 51 border counties, and the level of compulsory education lags far behind the national average.

　　The biggest denominator of education in China is in rural areas, and the weakest link is also in rural areas. The compulsory education in rural areas, especially in western rural areas, covers a wide range, involving almost all the difficulties of educational equity.

　　In order to solve the funding gap of rural compulsory education, in 2001, the State Council’s Decision on the Reform and Development of Basic Education made a major reform on the management system of rural basic education, which clearly stated that the management of rural compulsory education was "county-oriented" and "people’s education is run by the people" began to shift to the track of "people’s education is run by the government".

　　However, in the central and western regions of China, the county-level finance with weak financial resources is unable to support the funding of rural compulsory education, and there is a general dilemma of "small horse-drawn carts". In 2005, the State Council’s Notice on Deepening the Reform of Rural Compulsory Education Funding Guarantee Mechanism proposed to establish a rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism that is divided into projects and shared by the central and local governments in proportion. Rural compulsory education is fully included in the scope of public financial security.

　　In 2006, the newly revised Compulsory Education Law clarified the principle of free compulsory education in legal form, and established the main contents of the reform of compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism. Under the background of abolishing agricultural tax, from the spring semester of 2006, students in rural compulsory education in the western region were exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees, which were extended to rural areas throughout the country in spring of 2007 and nationwide in autumn of 2008. At this point, compulsory education is "completely free", and the dream of several generations of Chinese has finally come true.

　　Policies such as rural boarding school construction project, "two exemptions and one subsidy" project, modern distance education project in rural primary and secondary schools, and "special post plan" for rural teachers are closely linked and promoted as a whole. In this context, in 2007, the "two basics" attack in the western region was completed as scheduled, and the education in the western region achieved historic changes. In 2011, China achieved universal nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminated illiteracy among young people.

　　This is an honor worthy of being remembered in the annals of history: it took China 25 years to complete the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" task that took the United States 100 years to complete, and completed the perfect turn from a populous country to a big country in human resources.

　　We have fully realized the "two basics" in a country that accounts for one-fifth of the world’s population and made great contributions to the civilization and progress of all mankind. According to UNESCO statistics, the enrollment rate of children in the world has increased from 80% to 84%, and China has contributed; From 1990 to 2005, there were 100 million illiterates in the world, including 90 million in China. Among the nine populous developing countries, China is the only country that has fully realized nine-year compulsory education, and has become an important force to promote the development of education for all in the world.

　　In this great journey towards equality of educational opportunities, the "two basics", like a spark, have played an important turning point in basic education in series. Educational supervision system originated from "two basics", free compulsory education was realized in "two basics", balanced development started in "two basics", and the concept of quality education was born out of "two basics" … …

　　When quantity is no longer the biggest problem faced by basic education, the voice of quality improvement is getting higher and higher. People are more and more aware of the disadvantages of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, and begin to pay attention to people’s all-round development and understand the law of education better.

　　In this context, in 1999, the third national conference on education since the reform and opening up was held in Beijing, with the theme of "deepening education reform and comprehensively promoting quality education". In the same year, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way was promulgated, which clarified the objectives, contents and safeguard measures of quality education.

　　Make a final decision Taking this as a symbol and paying attention to connotation development has become an important melody of basic education in China since the new century, bringing a new atmosphere to education in China.

　　The wind rises and sails again, and the development of basic education opens a new voyage.

　　Pursue fair and quality education

　　Seeking happiness for the people is the initial intention of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that people’s yearning for a better life is our goal.

　　When the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward the ruling idea of "people-centered", people found that this idea was also implemented in the educational action in China.

　　The basic education that has entered the new era has changed from "learning" to "learning", which reflects the people’s yearning for a better life and their expectation for the future. People’s sense of gain has become an important value orientation of basic education, and balanced development and quality improvement have become the new coordinates of the development of basic education in China.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "every child should strive to enjoy a fair and quality education". From basic balance to high-quality balance, from fair educational opportunity to pursuing high-quality educational fairness, it constitutes the main theme of basic education in China in the new period. They all point to the proper meaning of education: paying attention to the all-round development of people and giving every child a chance to shine in life.

　　From basic balance to high-quality balance, a series of measures have landed:

　　In 2002, the "Notice of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening the Management of Basic Education" formally put forward the goal of "actively promoting the balanced development of schools in the compulsory education stage". Since then, "key schools and key classes" have been gradually cancelled.

　　According to the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010— In 2020), a series of major basic education projects, such as the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students and "all-round thinning", have been implemented one after another. These projects are beneficial to the present and the future, and the bottom of basic education can’t be reached. Balanced development is empty talk.

　　In order to speed up the overall allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas, in 2016, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Reform and Development of Compulsory Education in Urban and Rural Areas in Counties", and ten measures such as eliminating large classes were subsequently introduced.

　　With the promulgation of "Measures for Supervision and Evaluation of High-quality and Balanced Development of County Compulsory Education" in 2017, China’s compulsory education has entered the stage of "high-quality and balanced" from "basic balance". By the end of 2018, 92.8% of counties (cities, districts) in China had passed the supervision and evaluation of the balanced development of compulsory education.

　　On the premise of paying attention to the degree of fair access to educational opportunities, basic education is focusing on the quality of the people’s acquisition process and the satisfaction of the results, comprehensively and systematically improving the quality, promoting the comprehensive reform of basic education, and constantly approaching the goal of quality education equity.

　　Who to train is the primary problem of education. In 2014, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Peking University, he pointed out that "the buttons of life should be buckled from the beginning"; During the investigation in Haidian District Ethnic Primary School in Beijing, it was pointed out that children should "remember the requirements, set an example, start from an early age and accept help" when cultivating and practicing socialist core values. On September 10, 2018, at the National Education Conference, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech, pointing out that "efforts should be made to strengthen moral cultivation, educate and guide students to cultivate and practice socialist core values, improve their moral character in a down-to-earth manner, and become a person with great love, virtue and great feelings."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has issued the Guide to Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools and compiled the Implementation Manual of the Guide to Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools, and made great efforts to build a moral education system with correct direction, perfect content, cohesive learning segments, rich carriers and normal development.

　　Classroom is the most critical link of quality. Since the launch of the eighth curriculum reform, the classroom has changed from imparting knowledge to students’ active learning, and "teaching and learning" has undergone profound changes, strengthening the role of the classroom as the main position; In the autumn of 2017, the textbooks of ethics and rule of law, Chinese and history of compulsory education were put into use in the initial grade of compulsory education, which marked that the textbooks of the three subjects had changed from "one syllabus and many books" to unified compilation, examination and use. This was a major deployment to run compulsory education with China characteristics and safeguard the long-term stability of the country with an eye to the requirements of the times.

　　Basic education is the foundation of education, and teachers are the foundation of foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is very concerned about the construction of the teaching staff, and calls on teachers to be "four haves" and "four guides" for students.

　　In order to make up for the shortcomings of rural teachers, since 2012, the "National Training Program" has trained more than 14 million teachers. The central and western provinces recruited 510,000 special post teachers, optimizing the structure of rural teachers. In addition, the establishment and improvement of the salary guarantee system and the evaluation and employment system of teachers’ professional titles have enhanced the professional attraction of grassroots teachers. In January 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers’ Team Construction in the New Era, which described the grand blueprint for teachers’ team construction in the new era.

　　At the same time, the "baton" of evaluation is also turning. In 2014, the "Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Examination Enrollment System" was promulgated, which established the examination enrollment model of classified examination, comprehensive evaluation and multiple admission. In the same year, the new college entrance examination was first implemented in Shanghai and Zhejiang. At the same time, since the Ministry of Education issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of Entrance Examination System in Senior High Schools" in 2016, most provinces and cities have successively announced the implementation plan for the reform of the senior high school entrance examination suitable for the region. The gradual establishment of a scientific evaluation system oriented to the development of quality education has forced the front line of basic education to accelerate the pace of reform.

　　Basic education concerns everyone and is a basic project to improve the quality of the people and realize the prosperity of the country. Implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, making efforts to improve quality and promote fairness, and striving to run a basic education that the people are satisfied with will become the strongest note for the future development of basic education.

　　After the National Education Conference, the central government successively issued three documents on the reform and development of preschool education, compulsory education and ordinary senior high schools: Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Normalization of Preschool Education, Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Educational Methods in Ordinary Senior High Schools in the New Era, and Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Education and Teaching and Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education in an All-round Way, which made a systematic design for the reform of basic education in the new era, marking that China’s basic education has entered a new stage of comprehensively improving the quality of educating people. The publication of China Education Modernization 2035 has become a programmatic document to accelerate the modernization of basic education in the new era.

　　From 1.6 years of education per capita to 10.6 years in 2018, from a big illiterate country to the full realization of nine-year compulsory education, from "not going to school" to "going to school" to "going to school" … … Looking back on the 70-year history, basic education has laid the foundation of national education in China, achieved great changes from scale expansion to connotation construction, and embarked on a road of basic education with China characteristics.

　　Today, China has more than 500,000 schools with nearly 240 million students in the basic education stage, which has provided strong intellectual support and talent reserve for the vigorous development of education at all levels and for China’s economic and social development and the improvement of comprehensive national strength.

　　Learning to teach determines the future of each child, affects the joys and sorrows of countless families and concerns the hope of a nation. Stepping into a new era, from a big education country to a strong education country, basic education will continue to write a new chapter for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. (Reporter Wang Jiayuan)

　　A few days ago, the 2017 "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress of Chinese Colleges and Universities" organized and selected by the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Education was announced in Beijing after the evaluation process of college declaration and publicity, formal review, preliminary evaluation of the department and final review of the project.

　　The selection of "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in Chinese Colleges and Universities" has been held for 20 times since it was launched in 1998. This selection activity has played a positive role in improving the overall level of science and technology in colleges and universities and enhancing their scientific and technological innovation ability, and has had a great social impact and won a high reputation.

　　The list of selected projects in 2017 (attached) is now published. The list of selected projects is sorted according to the phonetic order of the host unit, in no particular order.

List of Selected Projects of "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress of Chinese Colleges and Universities" in 2017

　　Note: Sorted according to the phonetic order of the reporting host, in no particular order.

Introduction of Selected Projects of "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in Chinese Colleges and Universities" in 2017

　　1. Research on the new principle of light field regulation in asymmetric microcavity.

　　The conservation of momentum is one of the objective laws of nature, which reflects the nature of time and space. The generalized momentum of a closed system always remains unchanged. As one of the main physical systems to enhance the interaction between light and matter, the direct coupling between optical microcavity and external light field needs to meet the momentum matching condition, but it is often only realized in a narrow spectral range, which makes the broadband optical physics and application of microcavity face challenges.

　　Academician Gong Qihuang and researcher Xiao Yunfeng of Peking University’s "extreme optics innovation research team" put forward a new principle of chaos-assisted photon momentum conversion in asymmetric optical microcavity, which realized efficient and ultra-wide spectrum optical coupling in optical microcavity. Asymmetric optical microcavity breaks the spatial rotational symmetry and regulates the local light field, thus obtaining a quasi-continuous chaotic mode while supporting the discrete echo wall mode. Photons first refract from the nano-waveguide into the chaotic mode of microcavity; Chaotic motion makes the angular momentum of incident photons increase rapidly in picosecond time scale; Then the dynamic tunneling process realizes its efficient coupling with the echo wall mode. Chaos-assisted coupling no longer needs momentum matching between microcavity and waveguide mode photons, and is expected to play an important role in integrated photonics and information processing. In addition, they also used the nonlinear modulation of optical Kerr effect to observe the spontaneous symmetry breaking of microcavity light field for the first time in experiments, and obtained the chiral light field of microcavity.

　　The research results were published in Science and Physical Review Express respectively, which attracted wide attention from international academic circles, and were featured by more than ten international scientific and technological media such as Phys.org and ScienceDailey, marking that the research on microcavity optics in China has reached a new height.

　　Second, 5 nm carbon nanotube CMOS devices

　　Chip is the foundation and driving force of the information age, and the existing CMOS technology will touch its limit. Carbon nanotube technology is considered as an important option in the post-Moore era. Theoretical research shows that carbon nanotube transistors are expected to provide higher performance and lower power consumption, and it is easier to realize three-dimensional integration, and the comprehensive advantages at the system level will be as high as thousands of times, so chip technology may be promoted to a new height. Professor Peng Lianmao’s team from the Department of Electronics of Peking University made a major breakthrough in the physics, preparation technology and performance limit exploration of carbon nanotube CMOS devices, abandoned the traditional doping process, controlled the polarity of the transistor by controlling the electrode material, and suppressed the short channel effect. For the first time, a high-performance carbon nanotube transistor with a gate length of 5 nm was realized, which surpassed the best silicon-based transistor at present and approached the physical limit determined by the principle of quantum mechanics, and it is expected to push CMOS technology to a technical node below 3 nm. On January 20, 2017, the landmark achievement was published online in Science (2017, 355: 271-276) with the title of Scaling Carbon Nanotube Complete Transistors to 5-nm Gate Lengths. It has been publicly and positively cited by peers including IBM researchers for 24 times in journals such as Science and Natural Nanotechnology, and has been selected as a highly cited paper of ESI.Related work was reported by mainstream academic media at home and abroad such as Nature Index, IEEE Spectrum, Nano Today, Science and Technology Daily and Xinhua News Agency. People’s Daily (Overseas Edition) commented that the working speed of carbon tube transistor is three times that of Intel’s most advanced commercial silicon transistor with 14 nm, and the energy consumption is only one quarter of it, which means that China scientists are expected to catch up with their foreign counterparts in chip technology and it is a new milestone in the development of information technology in China.

　　Third, early intervention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

　　Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third major cause of death in China. The prevalence rate of COPD among people aged 40 and above in China is 8.2%, of which 70.6% are early patients with no obvious symptoms. These patients are easily overlooked and missed diagnosis because of their mild symptoms or even no obvious symptoms. When patients have obvious symptoms such as shortness of breath, most of them are in the middle and late stage of the disease. During this period, the treatment effect of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is poor, and the mortality rate, readmission rate and disability rate are high, which brings a heavy burden to patients’ families and society.

　　For the first time, the team of Ran Pixin of Guangzhou Medical University carried out a multi-center clinical trial for patients with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and found that inhalation of anticholinergic drug tiotropium bromide can significantly improve the lung function and quality of life of patients with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, slow down the annual decline rate of lung function and reduce acute exacerbation. In view of the low popularity of pulmonary function examination and the high missed diagnosis rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China, a new screening technology for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was developed, which provided support for early diagnosis and early intervention. In order to cooperate with drug treatment, a community-based stratified and accurate comprehensive prevention and treatment model was established, and it was found that reducing the exposure of biofuel smoke could reduce the risk of COPD.

　　This study puts forward the early intervention strategy of COPD for the first time. It is suggested that high-risk groups who smoke for a long time and are exposed to polluted air and biofuel smoke should be screened early. Once diagnosed, even if there are no obvious respiratory symptoms, comprehensive intervention measures such as quitting smoking, reducing biofuel smoke exposure and drug treatment should be started in time to prevent further decline of lung function and disease development, and improve the comprehensive prevention and treatment level of COPD.

　　Four, the key technology and industrialization of high performance CNC system

　　High-performance CNC system is the foundation of developing high-end manufacturing equipment and represents the core competitiveness of national manufacturing industry. High-performance CNC systems and machine tools, such as high speed and high precision, five-axis linkage, multi-axis and multi-channel, are the bottleneck problems, which seriously affect the social and economic development of our country.

　　With the support of major national science and technology projects and enterprises, the team of Professor Chen Jihong from Huazhong University of Science and Technology "Industry-University-Research" jointly tackled key problems and developed a series of high-performance CNC system complete products. Build an all-digital and open CNC system software and hardware platform; The control functions such as multi-axis linkage and multi-channel are developed, and the motion control of complex trajectory is realized. A high-speed nano-interpolation method based on flexible acceleration and deceleration is proposed to develop high-speed, high-precision and high-stiffness drive control technology. Invented an analysis method based on big data in command domain, and realized intelligent applications such as health assessment, tool breakage monitoring and process parameter optimization of CNC machine tools. It won 1 second prize of national scientific and technological progress and 5 first prizes at provincial and ministerial levels, forming 13 national and industry standards.

　　The achievements have been applied to more than 2,000 enterprises such as Shen Fei, Chengfei, No.8 Aerospace Institute, No.9 Nuclear Institute, Pushing Ningjiang, etc., realizing the batch application of high-end CNC equipment and weapons and equipment in aerospace, energy and power, automobiles and their parts, 3C manufacturing, machine tools and other fields, and providing important technical support for the independent control of high-end CNC equipment in China. Appraised by China Machinery Industry Federation, its function, performance and reliability have reached the advanced level abroad, and it can replace imports. In the field of aerospace processing and manufacturing, domestic high-grade CNC has achieved a "zero breakthrough".

　　Five, deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic integrated positioning technology

　　Guided by the deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic integrated positioning system developed by Harbin Engineering University, China’s "Deep-sea Warrior" manned submersible quickly found the predetermined underwater target in the depth of 3500m in the South China Sea on September 29th this year, and achieved "finding a needle in a haystack", which indicates that China’s deep-sea high-precision underwater acoustic positioning equipment and technology have reached the international leading level.

　　Acoustic wave is the only effective information carrier underwater so far, and high-precision underwater acoustic positioning is the key for human beings to rely on many underwater submersibles to enter, explore and develop the deep sea. However, in order to achieve the same positioning performance as satellites underwater, we must overcome the challenges such as complex underwater acoustic channel environment, serious interference from underwater acoustic platform and difficulties in realizing independent intellectual property system.

　　After eight years of hard work, Professor Sun Dajun’s team has successively overcome key technologies such as deep-sea high-precision ultra-short baseline positioning (won the second prize of national technological invention in 2016), integrated positioning with ultra-short baseline array on water surface and long baseline array distributed on seabed, and solved the problem of asynchronous high-precision positioning with large time delay caused by slow ocean sound speed and platform movement. The underwater acoustic integrated positioning system with independent intellectual property rights (6 invention patents granted in 2017) has been developed, with deep-sea positioning accuracy of 0.3m and positioning efficiency exceeding. Successfully supported the just-concluded maiden voyage test of China’s "Deep Sea Warrior" and the comprehensive investigation and scientific investigation of China’s most advanced scientific research ship "Science" in the South China Sea, laying a solid technical and equipment foundation for China’s deep-sea practice such as scientific exploration of the 10,000-meter abyss "Mariana Trench".

　　Six, high orbit satellite-ground two-way high-speed laser communication system technology

　　The technology of high-orbit satellite-ground bidirectional high-speed laser communication system is one of the frontier scientific fields related to the overall situation and long-term development strategy of the country. The successful completion of the project marks that China has reached the international forefront in the field of space laser communication and is another new milestone in the field of satellite communication.

　　Satellite laser communication has the advantages of large communication capacity, long transmission distance and good confidentiality. It is an irreplaceable means to build a space information superhighway, and it is also the frontier science and technology in the current international information field. Satellite-to-ground laser communication in high orbit needs to achieve high-precision capture between the satellite and the ground station, effectively overcome the influence of satellite motion, platform jitter, complex space environment and other factors, and maintain the continuous high-precision and stable alignment of the laser beam, which is extremely difficult in technology and is a hot spot that countries are competing to develop at present.

　　On April 12, 2017, the laser communication terminal developed by Tan Liying of Harbin Institute of Technology was launched into orbit with the satellite. From May to August, 2017, the high-orbit satellite-ground bidirectional high-speed laser communication system realized "precise alignment, stable maintenance and high-speed communication" between the satellite and the ground station with a distance of nearly 40,000 kilometers. The two-way high-speed information transmission channel between satellite and ground established by laser beam has successfully carried out communication data transmission, real-time forwarding and storage forwarding with the highest transmission data rate of 5 Gbps per second, which is the highest transmission data rate of high-orbit satellite laser communication in the world so far, and its performance and technical indicators have reached the international leading level.

　　The two-way high-speed laser communication system between high orbit satellite and earth has established a high-speed backbone channel in the information network between heaven and earth, which has laid an important foundation for the establishment of an integrated information network between heaven and earth in China in the future.

　　Seven, "bait mode"-a new mechanism of pathogenic bacteria

　　Crop diseases caused by Phytophthora were once called "plant plagues", which seriously threatened global food and ecological security. In the mid-19th century, the European potato late blight epidemic caused millions of people to starve to death or flee, and this "Irish famine" was called a turning point in human history. At present, the annual losses caused by epidemic diseases in the world are still as high as more than 20 billion dollars. Crop diseases break out and spread quickly in the field, causing serious harm. Because of the complex genome of Phytophthora and the lack of understanding of pathogenic mechanism, the research and development of prevention and control technology is seriously restricted.

　　Team Wang Yuanchao of Nanjing Agricultural University systematically studied the action mechanism of Phytophthora effector around the main weapon "effector" that Phytophthora attacks plants. It was found that Phytophthora can secrete glycosyl hydrolase XEG1 to degrade plant cell walls, while plants secrete protease inhibitor GIP1 to inhibit the activity of XEG1. The inactivated mutant XLP1, which can secrete hydrolase, acts as a "bait" to interfere with the defense response, and cooperates with XEG1 to attack plant disease resistance. In addition, it was also found that Phytophthora secreted effector into host cells to destroy plant disease resistance by interfering with histone acetylation.

　　This achievement was published in Science, Current Biology and New Phytologist in 2017, and was reviewed by many magazines such as Nature chemical biology. The "bait model" found in this study is a brand-new pathogenic mechanism and a major theoretical breakthrough in the field of biological interaction in recent years. Because this mechanism is universal in pathogenic bacteria, it not only has guiding significance for improving the persistent disease resistance of crops, but also provides new clues for developing new biological pesticides, which has potential application prospects in the field of green production of crops.

　　Eight, eukaryotic yeast long chromosome chemical reconstruction

　　Genome design and synthesis is a brand-new design and construction of genome from scratch, which can shape life as needed, open the door of transforming from inanimate matter to living matter, and promote life science research from understanding life to creating life. Genome design and synthesis provides a new way to deepen understanding of basic scientific issues such as life evolution, the relationship between genome and function. However, genome synthesis faces some problems, such as the difficulty of precise synthesis of long chromosomes and cell inactivation caused by synthetic chromosomes.

　　After more than five years’ exploration, the teams of Yuan Yingjin of Tianjin University, Yang Huanming of shenzhen huada gene research institute and Junbiao Dai of Tsinghua University completed the chemical total synthesis of four long chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and created the rapid localization method of genome defect targets and the precise repair technology of multi-target fragment co-transformation, which solved the problem of cell inactivation caused by chemical synthesis of long chromosomes and realized the complete matching between the synthetic sequence of long chromosomes and the designed sequence. A multi-level modular and parallel chromosome synthesis strategy was created, and the rapid customized synthesis from small molecular nucleotides to eukaryotic long chromosomes was realized. The artificial ring chromosome was constructed, which established a research model for the mechanism and potential treatment of the currently incurable chromosome ring disease.

　　On March 10th, 2017, this research published four Science papers in the form of long articles, which attracted great attention from experts and media at home and abroad, and was highly praised by articles published in journals such as Science, Nature, Nature Biotechnology, NatureReviews Genetics and Molecular Cell.

　　Nine, coal supercritical water gasification hydrogen generation and power generation technology

　　On December 25th, 2016, Xi ‘an Jiaotong University transferred the "Polygeneration Technology for Hydrogen Production and Power Generation from Coal Supercritical Water Gasification" proposed by Professor Guo Liejin and successfully developed by the team for 20 years to Shaanxi CNNC Jiaotong University, an industrialized investment group, at a price of 150 million yuan, which officially started the industrialization of this technology. Over the past year, the team has continued to tackle key problems, developed a system integration and matching method for large-scale engineering cogeneration of this technology, solved the key technologies and auxiliary engineering technologies existing in industrialization, completed the technical design of two large-scale engineering demonstration devices such as cogeneration and hydrogen-heat cogeneration, and promoted the industrial investment group Shaanxi CNNC Jiaotong University to jointly invest 420 million yuan and 500 million yuan in Xi ‘an Chengtou Group and Yulin Environmental Protection Group respectively to carry out the construction of the first demonstration projects of cogeneration systems such as heat, electricity and hydrogen.

　　This technology can solve the smog-causing coal-fired gas pollutants such as SOx and NOx and dust emission from the source. The mixed product gas composed of supercritical water, H2 and CO2 can be used for hydrogen production, power generation, heat supply and steam supply. CO2 enrichment and resource utilization can be naturally realized in the process, which can improve the coal-electricity conversion efficiency of generator sets by at least 5 percentage points, reduce the one-time investment by 30%, save water and lower the operating cost. The third-party demonstration expert group believes that "the technology has completely independent intellectual property rights, the technology is feasible and the economy is reasonable". Investors believe that this technology "realizes the efficient, clean and pollution-free utilization of coal energy, which will surely bring about profound changes in energy technology and make great contributions to global energy conservation and emission reduction".

　　Ten, high-speed railway train dynamic effect test system (iHSRT)

　　The running speed of high-speed railway trains is high, which is close to or exceeds the wave propagation speed of subgrade soil. The vibration generated by train operation can not spread out in time, causing shock wave phenomenon and Mach effect, resulting in excessive vibration and cyclic cumulative settlement of subgrade, which affects train safety and ride comfort. It is of great scientific significance and engineering value to study the dynamic effect of railway subgrade caused by high-speed train operation under controllable conditions in the laboratory.

　　Academician Chen Yunmin, led by Professor Bian Xuecheng of Zhejiang University, invented the world’s first test device for dynamic effects of high-speed railway trains. The device converts the running load of the train into vertical dynamic load acting on a series of sleepers, and realizes the loading of the subgrade by the high-speed movement of the train axle by accurately controlling the loading phase difference of adjacent vibration exciter. The whole test system consists of train loading exciter array, loading control system, full-scale line model and test system, and the maximum speed is 360 km/h. The core technology won 2 invention patents in the United States and 8 invention patents in China.

　　Using this system, the Mach effect of saturated subgrade and dynamic soil arching effect of pile-supported subgrade accompanied by the sharp increase of dynamic pore pressure are found, and the dynamic stress amplification effect, attenuation law along depth, cyclic cumulative settlement law and mechanism of excessive settlement in high-speed railway subgrade are revealed. Based on this, the evaluation, control and repair methods of subgrade cyclic cumulative settlement are put forward, which have been successfully applied to more than 10 high-speed rail and subway projects on soft soil foundation, and achieved remarkable social and economic benefits. Ten papers were published in international authoritative journals, among which the papers published in Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering were rated as "Most Cited Articles".