Women are an important force in economic development, social stability and family construction, and children are the expectation of the family, the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation. A few days ago, the Kunming Municipal People’s Government issued the Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030) and the Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as the "two regulations"). In order to do a good job in interpreting the relevant policies and measures of the "two regulations" and promote the implementation of the documents, it is convenient for the whole society to better understand the relevant contents of the "two regulations". The Office of the Municipal Working Committee on Women and Children (hereinafter referred to as the "Office of the Municipal Working Committee on Women and Children") invites relevant departments, experts and scholars to interpret it for you from different angles.
I. Compilation background
Women and children are important members of hundreds of millions of families and an important force in building a better life and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. The Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attach great importance to the development of women and children’s undertakings, and have successively formulated and implemented three-cycle development plans for women and children to continuously promote the coordinated development of Kunming’s women and children’s undertakings and the economy and society. Since the implementation of the development plan for women and children in Kunming from 2011 to 2020, the cause of women and children in Kunming has made great progress, the main objectives of the plan have been basically achieved, and the level of survival, protection and development of women and children has been greatly improved, entering the best period in history.
The next decade will be a crucial period for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and it will also be an important period for Kunming to promote the brand of "China Spring City", "Historical and Cultural City" and "International Great Health City" and the construction of a regional international center city. The cause of women and children has entered a new stage of development, and its development is facing new opportunities and challenges. The "two regulations" have made overall arrangements for the development of women and children and family construction in Kunming in the next decade, which is an important guarantee to promote the sustained and healthy development of women and children’s cause, an important measure to effectively solve the key and difficult problems that restrict women and children’s development and family construction, an important way to promote women’s all-round development from the source, ensure children’s priority development, and strengthen the construction of family education style, an important content to realize the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity, and provide an action guide for promoting the development of women and children’s cause in Kunming. The compilation and implementation of the "two regulations" is of great significance to accurately grasp the new development stage, thoroughly implement the new development concept, and simultaneously promote the high-quality development of women and children in Kunming in accelerating the construction of a new development pattern.
Based on the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on women, children and family construction, the Municipal Working Committee for Women and Children has implemented the important decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on women and children’s work and the work arrangements of the municipal party committee and municipal government, and organized the compilation of the "two regulations" in line with the requirements of the national two programs, the Yunnan two regulations and the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Kunming and the outline of the long-term goals for the year 2035.
Second, the preparation process
The Kunming Municipal People’s Government attaches great importance to the compilation of the "two regulations", and the Municipal Working Committee for Women and Children has strictly compared the development program for women and children in China and the development plan for women and children in Yunnan, and started the compilation of the "two regulations" in a new cycle in 2020. The Municipal Working Committee for Women and Children took the lead in setting up the "two regulations" compilation group, issued the "two regulations" compilation plan, and carried out the compilation work seriously, systematically and rigorously. In the early stage, we went to all counties and departments to carry out research, and formed special research reports and consulting reports for the newly added fields of "women and family construction" and "children and safety". On the basis of full investigation and listening to women and children workers and public opinion, the first draft of the "two regulations" and the draft for comments were formed through expert argumentation and legality review procedures. He has sought the opinions of experts in many fields and disciplines, such as health, education, law, sociology, statistics and psychology. The opinions and suggestions of 14 county (city) district women and children’s working committees, member units of the municipal women and children’s working committees, the public and grassroots cadres and masses from all walks of life were compared with those of the state and provinces, and compared with those of Tianjin, Weihai, Changsha, Suzhou, Lianyungang and other cities. After repeated revisions and improvements, the "two regulations" were submitted for review. On July 8, 2022, the plenary meeting of the Municipal Working Committee on Women and Children was held for deliberation, and the draft of the "two regulations" was adopted in principle; After revision and improvement, it was deliberated and adopted at the 12th executive meeting of the 15th Municipal People’s Government on November 3rd and the 66th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th Municipal Party Committee on December 7th, and finally printed. The process of compiling the "two regulations",It is a process that Kunming plans the development goals and tasks of women and children in the next decade based on reality, and it is a process of scientific and democratic decision-making, gathering people’s wisdom and public opinion, and building a broad consensus.
Third, the main content
The "two rules" have the same structure and consist of four parts respectively.
The first part is the guiding ideology, basic principles and overall objectives. This paper briefly introduces the purpose, main significance, preparation method and expected effect of development planning. It is expounded that under the overall leadership of the Party, we should adhere to the people-centered development idea, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children, promote the synchronous and coordinated development of women and children with the economy and society, and share the fruits of economic and social development.
The second part is the development field, main objectives and strategic measures. The first is the development field. Women’s development mainly involves eight fields, namely, women and health, women and education, women and economy, women’s participation in decision-making and management, women and social security, women and family building, women and environment, and women and law. Children’s development mainly involves seven areas, namely children and health, children and safety, children and education, children and welfare, children and family, children and environment, children and legal protection. Second, according to the situation in the field of women’s and children’s development, the main objectives and tasks that are in line with Kunming’s reality have been set, including 79 objectives and tasks in the field of women’s development and 90 strategic measures. There are 70 goals and 89 strategic measures in the field of child development. Third, according to the goals and tasks of women and children in various development fields, practical strategies and measures have been formulated respectively, ensuring the operability of the main goals from the aspects of laws and policies.
The third part is the organization and implementation. Emphasis is placed on adhering to the overall leadership of the party in the process of organization and implementation, and persisting in promoting the implementation of the plan in synchronization with the overall planning of Kunming’s economic and social development and departmental special planning. By clarifying the main responsibility of planning implementation, we will promote relevant departments to formulate implementation plans and gradually improve the working system and mechanism for implementing planning. By strengthening the construction of the implementation plan, we will ensure the investment of funds for the development of women and children, improve the ability of investigation and research, and innovate the ways and methods of implementing the plan. By intensifying the publicity and training of planning, we will encourage all sectors of society to participate extensively in the implementation of planning.
The fourth part is monitoring and evaluation. It is clear that through the establishment of an evaluation team and a monitoring team, the annual monitoring, mid-term evaluation and final evaluation of the implementation of the plan will be carried out to promote the effective implementation of the "two regulations".
Iv. main features
The goal setting of Kunming’s "two regulations" is generally at the leading level in the whole province. Compared with the "two regulations" in the previous cycle, the new "two regulations" not only maintain continuity, but also have new characteristics:
First, adhere to the overall leadership of the party. The "two regulations" adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on the development of women and children, and effectively put the party’s leadership throughout the whole process and all aspects of planning and implementation. The "two regulations" strengthen ideological and political guidance, promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education, and guide women to listen to the party and follow the party; We will fully implement the fundamental task of cultivating moral, intellectual, physical and artistic talents, and cultivate new people in the era of all-round development, and promote gender equality and children’s priority to become the code of conduct and value standards that the whole society will follow together.
The second is to combine multiple regulations and highlight the characteristics of Kunming. Emphasize the actual situation of Kunming, and implement the relevant planning spirit of the state and the province to the realistic background, objective requirements and development trend of Kunming. It is connected with the overall requirements of Kunming’s "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" and the special planning of municipal functional departments. The Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government require all levels and departments to increase financial investment to ensure that the cause of women and children and the economic and social development of Kunming are planned, deployed, promoted and implemented together. Put the work into practical strategic measures to solve the unbalanced and insufficient problems in the development of women and children in the city. Adhere to the principle of doing your best and doing what you can to ensure the scientific, reasonable and instructive planning indicators.
The third is to put the people-centered development thought throughout. Emphasis is placed on promoting the equalization of basic public services, strengthening the protection of women’s and children’s health, education, social welfare and legal rights, and resolutely cracking down on illegal and criminal acts that infringe on women’s and children’s rights and interests. Combined with the task of setting indicators for key and difficult issues in the previous cycle planning, the indicators for screening and prevention of "two cancers" for urban and rural women were added, and the mental health of women and children was included in the indicators of health and family education. In the field of "children and environment", it is proposed to promote the construction of child-friendly cities and communities, emphasizing the care and protection of left-behind children, children in distress and migrant children. In the field of "women and law", we will intensify law enforcement inspection of laws and regulations protecting women’s rights and interests, and resolutely stop and correct acts that discriminate against women and infringe on women’s rights and interests.
The fourth is to focus on the urgent problems of women and children. Increase the implementation of the "three-child" birth policy, provide quality birth services, and increase the supply of inclusive childcare services. We will improve the supporting measures for the three-child birth policy, and propose to basically build a care service system covering infants under 3 years old in urban and rural areas, and the proportion of infants under 3 years old will not be less than 20%.
"Women and Health" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Take multiple measures to ensure the safety of mother and baby.
Kunming Maternal and Child Health Service Center Yang Haiyun
Maternal mortality rate is one of the main indicators reflecting a country’s people’s health, and it is also listed as an important indicator of the United Nations sustainable development agenda in 2030. Since 2016, the state has launched a campaign to promote maternal and child health, established and improved five systems for maternal and child safety, and implemented the "Action Plan for Maternal and Child Safety". The national maternal mortality rate has dropped from 300.0/100,000 in 2010 to 16.9/100,000 in 2020. At present, China’s maternal and child health core indicators rank among the top in the middle and high income countries in the world. The Kunming Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government attach great importance to maternal and infant safety. In 2017, the Notice of the General Office of Kunming Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for Controlling Maternal and Infant Mortality in Kunming (Kun Zheng Ban [2017] No.147) included indicators such as maternal and infant mortality in the annual assessment of the target management responsibility system of the county (city) district people’s government. With the cooperation and support of many departments, the maternal mortality rate in Kunming has dropped significantly in recent years, and it has entered the advanced ranks of domestic cities. In the face of the adjustment of the birth policy from "two children alone" and "two children in an all-round way" to "three children", the proportion of elderly and high-risk pregnant women is gradually increasing, and the pressure of maternal and child safety is increasing. The Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030) puts forward that "the maternal mortality rate should be controlled below 9/100,000, and the systematic management rate of pregnant women should reach over 92%, in urban and rural areas.
First, improve the system and mechanism to protect maternal and infant health
With the implementation of the "Healthy Kunming" campaign, indicators such as maternal mortality and infant mortality are still included in the annual assessment of the county (city) District People’s Government by the Kunming Municipal People’s Government. Improve the working mechanism of women’s health protection led by the government, coordinated by departments, social participation, industry supervision and scientific and technological support. We will continue to strengthen the rescue work for critically ill pregnant women and critically ill children in poor families. The municipal finance will invest special funds every year to support the rescue of critically ill pregnant women and critically ill children and the early hospitalization service for poor pregnant women in remote mountainous areas, so as to ensure that every critically ill pregnant woman and child can be treated in time and further improve the fairness and accessibility of maternal and child health services. Each county (city) district will improve and strengthen the interview notification system, and compact the responsibilities at all levels to ensure that the two mortality rates are stable and declining, and meet the annual target requirements. At the city and county levels, a situation analysis meeting will be held at least once a quarter for maternal mortality, child mortality under 5 years old and maternal and child safety. For cases of maternal death, "one death, one evaluation and one accountability" is implemented, and avoidable maternal death requires serious accountability of relevant responsible institutions and personnel.
Second, strengthen the construction of maternal and child health service system
Strengthen the construction of three-level service network for maternal and child health, promote the standardized construction and management of maternal and child health institutions at all levels, and improve the supply capacity and level of maternal and child health services. Actively strive to incorporate the construction of maternal and child health care institutions in counties (cities) into the "14 th Five-Year Plan" and focus on promoting the construction of the new hospital of Guandu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Comprehensively carry out the performance appraisal of maternal and child health care institutions in the city. We will promote the pilot innovation of the system and mechanism of maternal and child health care institutions, implement the requirements of "two permits", explore the establishment of an operating mechanism that combines security and incentives, and enhance the vitality of development. Actively promote the level evaluation and ability standard of maternal and child health care institutions, and comprehensively promote the standardization construction of tertiary maternal and child health care institutions with the level evaluation and ability standard of maternal and child health care institutions as the starting point.
Three, improve the construction of severe maternal and neonatal treatment system.
Kunming has continued to push forward the task of building critical pregnant women and newborns’ rescue centers. Two provincial-level critical pregnant women’s rescue centers (Yan ‘an Hospital of Kunming and First People’s Hospital of Kunming), three provincial-level critical newborn rescue centers (Yan ‘an Hospital of Kunming, First People’s Hospital of Kunming and Children’s Hospital of Kunming), one municipal-level critical pregnant women and newborns’ rescue center (Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 14 county-level people’s hospitals and 11 county-level people’s hospitals have been built step by step. Through emergency drills and counterpart assistance from city and county rescue centers, the level and quality of treatment in critically ill pregnant women and newborn rescue centers will be improved, and the gap between urban and rural areas and regions will be continuously narrowed.
Four, continue to strengthen administrative and industry supervision, standardize the practice environment of obstetrics.
Based on the annual obstetric quality inspection of midwifery institutions in Kunming for 10 consecutive years, combined with the changes of high-risk factors of pregnant women and new management requirements in Kunming after the implementation of the "three-child" policy, the inspection standards were revised, and the cesarean section rate, cesarean section rate of primipara, postpartum hemorrhage rate, and mother-to-child blocking of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B were included in the key indicators of obstetric quality inspection to strengthen and pay attention to, and the midwifery institutions that failed the inspection were required to rectify within a time limit. By strengthening the supervision of law enforcement in the industry, we will seriously investigate and deal with illegal medical practices that endanger women’s health and promote the development of new formats of maternal and child health.
Five, improve the management level of maternal health care, and ensure the safe delivery of pregnant women.
We will continue to do a good job in the systematic health management of pregnant women in basic public health services, so that the systematic management rate of pregnant women will reach over 92%. Improve the "Kunming pregnant and lying-in women system management network", use Kunming pregnant and lying-in women’s personal and maternal health care, delivery and postpartum health care database to supervise the quality of pregnant and lying-in women’s health care in the city in real time, analyze various management quality indicators in time, and find out the existing problems and improvement measures. The screening and evaluation of pregnancy risk will be fully implemented, and the personalized management mode of high-risk pregnant women will be implemented to improve the quality of high-risk management. Improve the awareness of parturient and their families on painless delivery, and appropriately promote painless delivery. Advocate scientific pregnancy preparation and school-age pregnancy, maintain appropriate birth spacing, and reasonably control the cesarean section rate and the cesarean section rate of primiparas.
Six, innovative ways of health communication, improve maternal health literacy.
Integrate the propaganda resources of "Healthy Kunming" and use the "health science expert database" to construct and standardize the mechanism for the release and dissemination of health science research knowledge. Encourage the use of micro-signals, video numbers and other new media forms to produce popular science works such as animations and short films, popularize national maternal and child health policies and knowledge, and cultivate healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Make effective use of the resources of Kunming Maternal and Child Health Training Base, and strengthen the cultivation of compound maternal and child health talents and talents in urgent need of obstetrics and midwifery. Using the simulated delivery room, operating room, ICU, ward, consulting room, clinical thinking training room and OSCE standard test station, and using a variety of clinical skills simulation equipment for obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics, medical simulation training with personalized simulation teaching and distance training was carried out for medical and health service institutions and personnel in the city. The traditional lecture training is replaced by practical skill operation and emergency drill. Design and develop personalized simulation teaching courses, and improve the training quality of grassroots personnel through simulation operation training and distance training.
"Without the health of the whole people, there will be no overall well-off society". Maternal and infant health is an important part of the national health system. Through a series of accessible, fair and sustained intervention measures in Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030), the maternal mortality rate will be further reduced, laying a foundation for improving the maternal and child health level in Kunming.
"Women and Education" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Follow the law of women’s development and ensure women’s enjoymentFair and quality education
John young, Deputy Director of Primary Education Department of Kunming Education and Sports Bureau (on post)
Education is the national plan, the party’s plan, the cornerstone of social development, and the fundamental way to achieve gender equality and women’s all-round development. The party and the state insist on giving priority to education in a strategic position, taking women’s education as a priority area to promote women’s development and ensuring women’s equal enjoyment of the right to education. Recently, Kunming issued the "Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as the "New Women’s Regulations"), which set 9 main goals and 10 strategic measures in the field of "women and education", involving strengthening women’s ideological and political education, implementing the basic national policy of gender equality, promoting gender equality in the campus, and paying special attention to women’s equal right to enjoy all kinds of education and the cultivation of female scientific and technological talents.
First, emphasize the importance of ideological and political work
The "new women’s regulations" put forward: "carry out in-depth ideological and political education for women." Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we should fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", "four self-confidences" and "two safeguards", lead women’s political identity, ideological identity and emotional identity, and firmly establish a correct view of the country, history, nationality and culture. It is put forward that ideological and political guidance should run through the whole process of education, teaching and management and all aspects of campus life. According to the characteristics of women’s education at different stages, ideological and political guidance should be done well to guide women to strengthen their ideals and beliefs, which shows that the "new women’s regulations" is of great significance for cultivating women into builders of great undertakings, advocates of civilized fashion and strugglers who dare to pursue their dreams.
Second, fully implement the basic national policy of gender equality in education.
The "New Women’s Regulations" put forward that "the basic national policy of equality between men and women should be fully implemented in education, and the principle and concept of gender equality should be fully reflected in all kinds of education courses at all levels". First, strengthen classified guidance and urge legal guardians to ensure that school-age girls receive compulsory education according to law. Effectively protect the education rights and opportunities of girls in underdeveloped areas, left-behind girls in rural areas, children of migrant workers in cities and disabled girls. Take effective measures to support girls with academic difficulties to complete compulsory education and improve the consolidation rate of compulsory education for girls. The second is to provide support for women’s lifelong learning. Establish and improve a more open and flexible lifelong learning system, improve the enrollment, flexible learning and continuing education systems, broaden the channels of academic education, meet the diverse learning needs of women, and pay attention to the development needs of women who interrupt their studies due to childbirth and professional women. Establish and improve the national credit bank and the recognition system of learning achievements, and provide individual learning accounts for women. Expand the supply of educational resources, provide convenient community and online educational resources for women, and provide targeted education and training for migrant women, female new citizens and unemployed women. Third, continue to eliminate illiteracy among young women. Improve the working mechanism of female young adults’ literacy, establish an information base of literacy targets, and strengthen dynamic monitoring. Eliminate the phenomenon of girls dropping out of school and put an end to the emergence of new illiteracy among young women. All kinds of vocational training are inclined to groups such as women and disabled women in underdeveloped areas. According to different types and degrees of disability, targeted literacy work for disabled women should be carried out. Deepen the continuing education after literacy. Increase the average number of years of education for women.
III. Ensuring girls’ equal access to all kinds of education
First, ensure girls’ equal access to compulsory education. The "New Women’s Regulations" put forward: "Ensure girls’ equal access to compulsory education, and the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education will reach over 98%". Promote the integration of urban and rural compulsory education. Implement the "county-based" management system of compulsory education, and actively and steadily promote compulsory education to enter the school without examination. Scientifically plan the layout of urban and rural schools, and strictly establish a supporting school system for new residential areas. Improve the allocation mechanism of teachers in urban and rural areas, implement the "county-managed school employment", and promote the exchange and rotation of principals and teachers in urban and rural areas. We will implement full coverage of pairing assistance for primary and secondary schools in the county, and promote schools in remote and poor areas to start a good national curriculum. Use "Internet+Education" to expand the coverage of quality education resources and improve the running level of weak schools in rural areas. Accelerate the implementation of the "all-round thinning" plan, improve the functions of schools, solve the problems of weak villages and crowded towns, and eliminate large classes. Actively promote the collectivization of compulsory education and school district management, establish a precise assistance mechanism, and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and schools. We will improve the working mechanism of "controlling dropouts to ensure that girls enjoy fair and high-quality compulsory education". Support girls with blood difficulties to complete compulsory education and improve the consolidation rate of compulsory education for girls. The second is to increase the proportion of girls receiving high school education. The "new women’s regulations" put forward: "women receive education in senior high school equally, and the gross enrollment rate in senior high school reaches and remains above 97%." Continue to promote the expansion and upgrading of ordinary high schools, pay close attention to the quality of high school education, increase the construction of characteristic high schools, and further improve the three-level hierarchical and key education and scientific research mechanism of "cities, counties and schools".Ensure that women, especially women from low-income families in underdeveloped areas and rural areas, have equal rights and opportunities to receive high school education. The third is to improve the level of women’s vocational education. The "New Women’s Regulations" put forward: "Strengthen the construction of vocational skills training system and increase the proportion of women receiving vocational education". Improve the level of vocational education serving economic and social development, strengthen the connection between secondary and higher vocational schools and explore the pilot project of integration of production and education, and vigorously support the development of higher vocational colleges. Strengthen the training of innovative, applied and skilled female talents, increase vocational skills training for rural women, women who return to work after giving birth, disabled women and unemployed women, support women to obtain various types of vocational skills level certificates, and promote the proportion of women receiving vocational education and vocational skills training.
Fourth, improve women’s scientific and technological literacy and scientific innovation ability
The "new women’s regulations" put forward: "Vigorously cultivate female scientific and technological talents, and the scientific quality level of both men and women is shrinking. The proportion of female scientific and technological talents has reached more than 36%. " Pay attention to the cultivation of women’s scientific interest, scientific literacy and rational thinking, and strengthen the knowledge and technology education for women. Give play to the role model and leading role of female scientific and technological talents, improve the scientific and cultural quality of rural women, and encourage and support women to choose disciplines and majors related to science and technology.
Fifth, improve the lifelong learning system for women
The "New Women’s Regulations" put forward: "Promote women to establish the awareness of lifelong learning and improve the system of lifelong learning for women". The first is to build a more smooth "overpass" for talent growth. Guided by the concept of lifelong learning, relying on school education, and taking modern educational technologies such as computers and networks as important means, we will give full play to the role of various schools and training institutions, and establish a lifelong learning system in which all levels of education communicate and connect with each other, school education, social education and family education are closely linked, and academic education and non-academic education complement each other. Provide women with various forms and personalized lifelong education opportunities and resources to meet the educational needs of women of different ages and different cultural foundations. The second is to improve the diversified lifelong learning service platform. Construct a new ecology of online learning and expand the scope of social public education. Create a digital learning society and comprehensively improve the cultural quality of the entire female population.
"Women and Economy" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Promoting women to be at the forefront of economic development in the new journey of building a regional international central city
kunming municipal bureau of human resources and social security
Equal participation in economic activities is the right and obligation of women, and it is the basis for women to achieve equal, independent and all-round development. In order to promote gender equality and women’s all-round development at a higher level in the new stage of development, encourage and support women to be at the forefront of economic development in the new journey of building a regional international central city, fully absorb the achievements of women’s participation in economic activities, and face new problems, changes and challenges in women’s economic participation under the new situation of jointly promoting the basic national policy of gender equality and the population and birth policy. "Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as "New Women’s Regulations") adjusts and optimizes the relevant contents in the field of women and economy, and sets 9 main objectives and 12 strategic measures from the aspects of ensuring equal employment between men and women, improving women’s employment structure, narrowing the income gap between men and women, safeguarding rural women’s land rights and interests, improving women’s occupational health and safety, and increasing the economic income of rural low-income women, so as to promote women’s equal and full participation in economic activities.
One, Promote women’s high-quality employment and entrepreneurship
In order to ensure women’s full participation in the high-quality development of Kunming’s economy and constantly meet the differentiated needs of women’s professional ability development, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward the goals of promoting women’s equal employment, keeping the proportion of women in employment at about 46%, the proportion of women in urban units reaching about 42%, and the proportion of women in senior professional and technical personnel reaching more than 42%, and put forward the goals of optimizing women’s employment structure and promoting the development of female talents. In order to implement the above objectives, a series of strategic measures are put forward, including improving the service support system for women’s entrepreneurship and employment, improving the lifelong vocational skills training system, and holding the "Spring City Entrepreneurship Fair" entrepreneurial innovation competition, Spring City Entrepreneurship Forum and investment docking activities on a regular basis. Put forward to further promote the implementation of the "Spring City Plan" series of policies for the introduction and training of high-level talents, and continuously increase the proportion of women in high-tech industries, strategic emerging industries and modern service industries; Explore salary surveys, strengthen gender statistics of income, and establish and improve the investigation and supervision mechanism related to equal pay for equal work between men and women.
Second, Safeguard women’s labor rights and interests and labor safety
In view of the problem of gender discrimination in women’s employment, specific provisions are made from the aspects of punishment, supervision, supervision and judicial relief, so as to promote the coordinated promotion of the government, society and law to eliminate employment discrimination, and emphasize that party and government organs and state-owned enterprises and institutions should play a leading role in gender equality and build an employment policy system with Kunming characteristics. In terms of strategic measures, special emphasis is placed on strengthening the construction of the "red and black list" evaluation and supervision system of Kunming vocational skills training institutions; Provide employment and rights protection support for women returning to their posts or re-employment after giving birth. In order to ensure women’s labor safety, the "New Women’s Regulations" proposes to increase the signing rate of labor contracts and special collective contracts for the special protection of women employees’ rights and interests; Improve the occupational health management system, improve the technical support system for occupational disease prevention and control, and improve the "double random and open" supervision and law enforcement mechanism; Guide employers to establish a working mechanism to prevent and stop sexual harassment, and increase the punishment for violations of female workers’ labor rights and interests.
Third, Pay attention to the participation of key groups in economic construction
In order to ensure the equal participation of urban and rural, regional and different groups of women in economic development, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward the objectives of ensuring rural women’s equal enjoyment of land rights and interests, enhancing the sustainable development ability of low-income women, and promoting women’s participation in rural revitalization. In order to achieve these goals, the corresponding strategies and measures are put forward, including ensuring rural women to enjoy all economic rights and interests equally, establishing assistance mechanisms for rural low-income population and underdeveloped areas, improving the monitoring and assistance mechanisms for preventing poverty, deepening the "rural revitalization action" and actively giving play to women’s role in the integrated development of rural primary and secondary industries and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Strengthen the cultivation of high-quality female farmers, guide rural women to strive to be rural craftsmen, cultural talents, craftsmen, agricultural technology association leaders and new agricultural management experts, and support women to contribute to the high-quality development of Kunming’s economy.
Interpretation of "Women’s Participation in Decision-making and Management" in Kunming’s New "Two Regulations" Series
Continuously improve women’s participation in decision-making and management.
A cadre of the Organization Department of Kunming Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China
The new goals and strategic measures set in the field of "Women’s Participation in Decision-making and Management" in Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as "New Women’s Regulations") provide support for women’s participation in grassroots governance in urban and rural communities under the new situation.
First, form a good atmosphere for women to participate in grassroots democratic management and grassroots governance.
Village and community are the last mile of grass-roots governance and the basic link of social governance. Promoting women to play an important role in grass-roots governance is an important content for the country, province and city to consolidate the ruling foundation of the party and promote social harmony. In the context of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, the "New Women’s Regulation" puts forward a reasonable interval value for the proportion of female cadres in villages and communities, and pays attention to the promotion of women’s participation in grassroots governance, which promotes the formation of a good pattern of women’s participation in grassroots democratic management and grassroots governance in the city and provides guidance for the election of female members during the transition period.
Second, pay more attention to women’s participation awareness and ability training.
Women’s participation in grass-roots democratic management and social governance is an important aspect reflecting their political participation level and the realization of political rights. In view of the goal, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward "the improvement of women’s awareness and ability to participate in politics", and put forward that by improving laws and regulations, women’s participation in decision-making and management can be provided with more powerful institutional guarantee. In the Notice of the Office of the Kunming Municipal People’s Government of the Office of the Kunming Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China on Doing a Good Job in the Transition of the "Two Committees" of Villages (Communities) in the whole city (Kun Ban Tong [2020] No.60), it is proposed that "in principle, a young cadre under the age of 35 and a woman should join the team of the" two committees "of villages (communities), and measures such as giving priority to the nomination of women candidates and full-time special elections of women members should be taken to ensure the village. At the same time, focus on the difficulties of women’s participation in grass-roots governance, implement the project of improving women’s quality, and pay attention to bringing young, outstanding and highly educated young women into the village (community) youth talent party branch and reserve force talent pool to effectively enhance women’s ability to participate in grass-roots governance.
"Women and Social Security" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Promoting women to share high-quality social security in improving the social security system
Kunming medical security bureau
Social security system is one of the important symbols of national civilization and the foundation of people’s livelihood. Women’s equal enjoyment of social security rights and interests is an important embodiment of women’s status promotion and gender equality. In the past ten years, Kunming has basically achieved the goal of ensuring all the benefits and saving all the benefits, and the level of social security enjoyed by women has been continuously improved. The next decade will be an important period for the high-quality development of China’s social security. In order to further promote women’s equal enjoyment of social security rights and promote women’s common prosperity, Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030) has set 10 targets and 12 safeguard measures in the field of women and social security, aiming at the shortcomings and weaknesses of women’s social security in Kunming, and improved the social security system benefiting women groups. Mainly includes the following aspects:
One, Improve the maternity insurance system for urban and rural women.
Maternity insurance is an important guarantee system to reduce the family’s fertility burden. In order to respond to the needs of the masses, implement the new fertility policy and establish the social value concept of fertility, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward "improving the maternity insurance system for urban and rural women and increasing the participation rate of maternity insurance." We will promote the construction of the universal maternity protection system, realize the effective connection between urban and rural areas and regional maternity protection systems, consolidate and improve the coverage rate of maternity insurance, and improve the policy of maternity medical expenses payment and maternity allowance. Fully respect and recognize the social contribution of female fertility, further improve the maternity security system, and promote the convergence with the adjustment of fertility policy. Strengthen the protection of maternity medical expenses for urban and rural residents, and gradually establish a maternity security system covering the whole people. Ensure that women groups such as flexible employment and new business employment enjoy reproductive medical treatment.
Second, Improve the participation rate of urban and rural women’s basic medical insurance
Medical security is the basic demand of women. In order to continuously expand the coverage of social insurance and eliminate the obstacles for women to participate in insurance, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward: "Improve the medical security system. The participation rate of urban and rural women’s basic medical insurance is stable at over 96%, and the treatment guarantee is fair and moderate. " Construct a unified basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents, and promote female employees and urban and rural female residents to continue to participate in basic medical insurance; Give full play to the comprehensive guarantee of the triple system of basic medical insurance, supplementary medical insurance and medical assistance; Promote the complementary connection of multi-level medical security and do a good job in medical assistance for poor women who meet the conditions of medical assistance; We will promote mutual medical insurance for serious illness of female employees and develop commercial insurance for major diseases such as cervical cancer and breast cancer.
Third, To realize women’s basic old-age insurance, all insurance should be guaranteed.
Old-age insurance is an important system for urban and rural women to have a sense of security. The "New Women’s Regulations" put forward that the reasonable adjustment mechanism of basic old-age insurance benefits should be implemented to promote the effective connection between urban workers’ old-age insurance and urban and rural residents’ old-age insurance systems. Encourage qualified employers to pay enterprise (occupational) annuities for all employees, including female employees, enrich commercial endowment insurance products and improve the level of women’s endowment insurance.
Four, improve the participation rate of women’s unemployment and industrial injury insurance.
Unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance are important social security rights for women. The "New Women’s Regulation" proposes to improve the unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance systems, and urge employers to handle unemployment insurance for female employees according to law. Pay unemployment insurance money in full and on time for eligible unemployed female workers. Strengthen the function of unemployment insurance to promote employment and prevent unemployment, and support the stable employment of female employees. Improve the "trinity" system of prevention, compensation and rehabilitation of industrial injury insurance, explore the establishment of occupational injury insurance mechanism in new business fields, include women with flexible employment and new business employment in the scope of protection, urge employers to handle industrial injury insurance for female employees according to law, and effectively protect the insurance rights and interests of women who are injured or killed at work.
V. Ensuring the basic living needs of women with difficulties and disabilities
Social assistance is an important part of social security and an important guarantee for the basic life of poor women in urban and rural areas. In order to improve the level of women’s social assistance and social welfare, the "new women’s regulations" put forward that it is necessary to strengthen the bottom-up protection of social assistance for women with difficulties in life. Improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of social assistance standards that are adjusted in a timely manner with economic development, and steadily improve the minimum living security standard and living allowance standard for urban and rural residents; Strengthen policy convergence and improve the special assistance system for medical care, education and employment; Promote the establishment of a unified relief information platform and strengthen gender statistics of social assistance.
VI. Improving women’s basic social services
In view of the large proportion of elderly women, long life span and relatively high disability rate, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward some safeguard measures, such as ensuring women to enjoy basic old-age services, increasing the supply of old-age services through multiple channels, perfecting the "internet plus Old-age Care" and improving the rural old-age service network covering three levels of counties and villages. For rural left-behind women and migrant women, it is proposed to improve the information service system of rural left-behind women and carry out caring actions for rural left-behind women; Strengthen the investigation of the floating population, build a systematic, comprehensive, meticulous and scientific social security system for the floating population, and use the existing medical insurance, old-age insurance and commercial insurance systems to undertake the obligation to protect the floating population, showing Kunming’s responsibility.
"Women and Family Construction" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Promoting the family concept in the new era and taking root in accelerating the construction of a regional international central city
Kunming women’s Federation jiaerbu
As the most basic organizational unit of society, family plays an important role in human history. From the national level, the family is the smallest production unit and common living unit, which maintains the progress of production activities and social stability; From the individual level, the family plays the role of raising children, supporting the elderly and providing spiritual comfort, which is an important guarantee for individuals in social life. For individuals in modern society, the spiritual comfort function of the family is becoming more and more important. Family construction is of great significance for maintaining family harmony, promoting family development, consolidating the foundation of comprehensive social management, accelerating the all-round development of Kunming women in the new period and gender equality in the whole society, and further promoting the goal of the second century.
The main data of the seventh national census in Kunming shows that among the permanent residents in the city, the female population is 4132101, accounting for 48.84%. There are 3,004,398 households and 315,728 collective households in the city, with a population of 7,238,800 households and 1,221,288 collective households. The average population of each household is 2.41, which is 0.32 less than 2.73 in the sixth national census in 2010. The scale of households in Kunming is characterized by miniaturization and structural core. Before the compilation of the new "Two Regulations", the writing team made a thorough investigation on the newly-added field "Women and Family Construction", and found that since the implementation of the "Kunming Women’s Development Plan" (2011-2020), Kunming has made remarkable achievements in implementing various family-related policies such as fertility, family medical and health care, supporting women’s employment, family parenting education and family pension, but like other regions, there are still family policies that are not systematic. The task of caring for the family is still highly feminine, the balance between work and family is in conflict, and the situation of women’s employment and entrepreneurship is still very grim; The supply of public resources for children aged 0-3 years is insufficient, and there is a gap between the demand and supply of old-age services. The rapidly increasing birth cost has become an important factor affecting the fertility will and behavior of women of childbearing age.
In order to give full play to the important role of women in Kunming as the vanguard of the province’s economic and social development, the Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as the "New Women’s Regulations") takes "women and family construction" as a priority development field, and sets up 9 main objectives and 10 strategic measures, aiming at exploring the road of common progress and mutual promotion among families, women and society, and promoting families through the unique and dynamic role of women.
One, Clarify the value orientation of family concept in the new era
The social division of labor based on gender equality, the division of family roles in China’s traditional parenting culture and the proportion of women determine that women play a particularly important role in family construction. The "New Women’s Regulations" set three complementary goals in the field of "women and family construction", including "establishing a family view in the new era, promoting the new trend of socialist family civilization of patriotism, loving each other, being kind and building and sharing, and promoting the socialist core values to take root in the family" and "paying attention to the important role of family education in grassroots social governance. The township (street) and community (village) have a full coverage of the construction rate of family education propaganda positions. "Give full play to women’s unique role in social life and family life, carry forward the family virtues of the Chinese nation and establish a good family style, and support women to become practitioners, advocates and promoters of building a happy and healthy family." These three goals clearly set up the family view in the new era, including feelings of home and country, kinship of flesh and blood, thoughts and sentiments of upward kindness, and rights and obligations among family members, emphasizing the sharing of family responsibilities and rights and interests, which is the embodiment of the principle of "equality" in the socialist core values in the family view in the new era. Through the goal of establishing the family view in the new era, giving full play to the unique role of women in family life, and giving full play to the important role of family, family education and family style in grassroots social governance, the value orientation of families in Kunming in the new era and the basic path to promote family construction are clarified, which embodies the "new women’s rules"The value orientation and code of conduct for gender equality and women’s all-round development further strengthen the important function of the family in promoting high-quality economic and social development.
Second, Emphasize the policy of supporting family development and the supply of public services
In recent years, faced with the changes in family structure and the interweaving collision between traditional family values and modern family values brought about by the persistent low fertility level and large-scale population mobility, it has become the consensus of governments at all levels and all walks of life that we should adhere to the family perspective, formulate and improve policies to promote family development and expand the supply of public services to support families when formulating public policies. In the field of "women and family construction", the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward the goals of "establishing and improving the family policy guarantee of gender equality and women’s all-round development, enhancing family functions, improving women’s satisfaction with marriage, and enhancing family development ability", "improving the public service system of family’s all-round development, increasing the government’s purchase of family services, and expanding and supporting social organizations to provide professional services for families". Taking specific strategic measures such as improving the maternity leave system with gender equality, developing infant care services and universal public care services as the starting point, the "work-family-friendly" family policy is launched, which takes the family as the object, promotes the balance between work and family, and enhances the core development ability of the family, takes family care and other issues as an important part of government responsibilities and social policies, pays attention to gender equality and women’s welfare rights, and makes the family-oriented public policy more mainstream. The strategic measures put forward "exploring the establishment of policy evaluation mechanism to promote family development, carrying out theoretical research on family policy and formulating evaluation and monitoring index system", changing the restrictions of traditional gender norms on women’s resources and opportunities with the policy orientation of gender equality, providing a basis for ensuring the healthy development of families and supporting women’s all-round development.
Third, Promote gender equality and responsibility sharing in the family.
Influenced by women’s physiological characteristics and traditional ideas, women are more likely to become the main caregivers in family responsibilities. The preliminary investigation results of the writing group show that women in Kunming still have not got rid of the division of labor and role expectation of "women in charge". Before the gender division of labor mode of "men dominate the outside and women dominate the inside" is completely changed, women’s own development will be more influenced by the family structure in which they live than men. The inequality of family relations and family responsibilities also reduces women’s expectations for family and marriage happiness, especially for fertility, which hinders the construction of a good and harmonious family relationship. Therefore, promoting gender equality in the family and building a good marriage and family relationship has become an important goal of "women and family construction". Through the goal setting of "advocating the construction of equal, harmonious and civilized marriage and family relationship between men and women", "advocating and supporting men and women to share housework, narrowing the time gap between men and women", "promoting husband and wife to share the responsibility of raising, educating and protecting children", and the corresponding strategic measures such as marriage and family counseling, conflict mediation services and socialized support for housework, we can promote men and women to change their consciousness and behavior, encourage the cooperative development between women and men, and promote the development of women. In particular, explore the flexible working hours system, give parents a certain degree of time flexibility in infant care, help parents alleviate the balance pressure of "work-parenting", divide their work and cooperate in parenting and housework, share family responsibilities, and realize the mutual promotion of women, family and society.Integrated development and common progress.
The core principle of "New Women’s Regulations" is equality between men and women, and the setting of objectives and strategic measures in the field of "Women and Family Construction" is an important and concrete embodiment of the core principle. The "New Women’s Regulations" adhere to the political guidance of family construction, adhere to the construction of a harmonious, friendly and supportive family policy system, and closely combine women’s all-round development with family construction, which is more conducive to advocating the establishment of equal, harmonious and civilized marriage and family relations in society, women’s all-round development, grass-roots social governance and family happiness and tranquility.
In the next step, Kunming Women’s Federation, together with all members of the Women and Children’s Working Committee, will conscientiously implement the task requirements of the "New Women’s Regulations", and make efforts in supporting the all-round development of families and women, giving play to the important role of family education in grassroots social governance, giving play to women’s unique role in family life, advocating the establishment of a harmonious and civilized marriage and family relationship between men and women, supporting families to support the elderly, and promoting society. I believe that through the implementation of the ten-year plan, the role of women in family construction will be more fully demonstrated, the policy system of family development in the city will be more perfect, the development ability of families will be further improved, and men and women in the city will work together to write a new chapter in building socialist modernization in an all-round way!
"Women and Environment" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Adhere to the harmonious coexistence and common development of women and the environment.
Kunming Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Kunming Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security,Kunming Education and Sports Bureau
People’s living environment includes natural environment and social environment. The environment referred to in Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as "New Women’s Regulations") follows the definition of "women and environment" in China Women’s Development Program (2021-2030), including both natural environment, ecological environment and social and cultural environment. To this end, the "new women’s regulations" set the main objectives from two levels. One is to create a good external environment for women’s development, including cultural and public opinion environment, production and living environment, and international exchange environment; Second, it puts forward requirements for women’s ability to participate in environmental construction, including improving their ideological and political awareness, ecological civilization awareness, media literacy, and the ability to deal with emergencies. Based on this, the "New Women’s Regulations" set 11 main objectives and 13 strategic measures, showing many new highlights.
One, Strengthen the ideological and political guidance for women and put women and their development at the center of environmental construction.
The "New Women’s Regulations" emphasizes the propaganda and education of the values of equality between men and women. On the one hand, it includes guiding women’s ideological and political consciousness, guiding women to listen to and follow the party, strengthening "four consciousnesses", strengthening "four self-confidences" and achieving "two safeguards". On the other hand, it includes cultivating the awareness of gender equality in the whole society, incorporating the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on women and women’s work and the basic national policy of gender equality into the teaching plans of party schools and administrative colleges at all levels and the training plans of cadres at all levels, and promoting the awareness of gender equality into the mainstream of decision-making. Focusing on women’s own development and progress, women’s ideological situation in the new era is diversified, so it is necessary to guide and condense firm ideals and beliefs, unite the majority of women around the party with socialist core values, so as to transform and build the environment and promote women’s own development with a good environment and social atmosphere.
Second, Establish and improve the evaluation and supervision mechanism of gender equality, and constantly optimize the cultural and public opinion environment for women’s development.
On the one hand, the "New Women’s Regulations" set up a sound gender equality evaluation and supervision mechanism, with the goal of evaluating, supervising and managing gender issues in the field of culture and media. On the strategic measures, it proposed to attract gender experts to participate in the evaluation and strengthen the monitoring and supervision of public cultural products and media content; Strengthen the management of media platforms, improve the warning and recording system for violations, and optimize the online public opinion warning and offline evaluation and disposal mechanism. On the other hand, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward requirements for women’s own capacity building, and proposed to improve women’s media literacy, use women’s homes, libraries, online classrooms, etc. to carry out media literacy training and guidance for women, focusing on helping elderly women, women with difficulties and women with disabilities to master the basic knowledge and skills of the network and bridge the gender digital divide.
Third, Solve the actual needs of women and continuously beautify the ecological environment for women’s development.
The "New Women’s Regulations" set the goal of building an ecological environment conducive to women’s development, and put forward clear requirements for promoting women’s participation in the construction of ecological civilization, improving women’s living environment and reducing the harm of environmental pollution to women’s health. Based on the reality of Kunming’s new development stage, it is put forward that "the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage has reached more than 40%, the penetration rate of rural tap water has reached 95%, and the water quality compliance rate of urban centralized drinking water sources has reached more than 95%", "the rural sanitary toilets have been basically popularized, and the rural sanitary toilets where the administrative villages are located have been fully covered, and the larger natural villages have more than one sanitary toilet", "the ratio of male to female toilet seats in urban public toilets has reached more than 2:3, and the ratio of male to female toilet seats in public toilets in tourist attractions has reached more than 2: From the above clear quantitative indicators, it can be seen that the "New Women’s Regulation" points out a new development direction and sets operational measures to implement targets, which reflects the city’s emphasis on improving women’s production and living conditions and gender care for the allocation of public resources and public space.
Fourth, Improve women’s ability to cope with emergencies and meet their special needs in emergencies.
According to the research results that women are often in a relatively weak position in emergencies, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward that we should pay attention to improving women’s ability to deal with emergencies, carry out relevant education guidance and training, and further guide women to participate in disaster prevention and mitigation, which can not only effectively protect themselves, their children and the elderly, but also take on the corresponding rescue and stability tasks, and become a positive force to deal with emergencies. At the same time, the special needs of women, especially pregnant women, lactating women and women with difficulties, should be fully considered when building emergency response mechanisms and preparing emergency plans, and a gender perspective should be included in dealing with emergencies, paying attention to the special needs of women.
Five, Give full play to the role of women in the radiation center and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with women’s organizations in neighboring countries.
Based on the location characteristics of Kunming and the positioning of Kunming to accelerate the construction of a regional international central city, the "New Women’s Regulations" put forward the goal of "strengthening exchanges and cooperation with women’s organizations in neighboring countries and supporting more women’s organizations to participate in public welfare undertakings such as women’s development in neighboring countries", supporting women to further strengthen exchanges and cooperation with women’s organizations in neighboring countries and international organizations, actively serving and integrating into the "Belt and Road" construction, strengthening exchanges and exchanges with women’s organizations in South Asia and Southeast Asia, telling stories about Kunming and promoting
"Women and Law" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Effectively safeguard women’s legitimate rights and interests and strive to promote the construction of Kunming under the rule of law
Kunming Municipal Bureau of Justice and Kunming Women’s Federation
The party and the government have always attached great importance to the protection of women’s rights and interests. "Kunming Women’s Development Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as "New Women’s Regulations") has set 10 main objectives and 11 strategic measures in the field of "Women and Law", which is highly scientific, instructive, professional and targeted, and is extremely important for effectively protecting women’s legitimate rights and interests and giving full play to women’s role in the construction of Kunming under the rule of law.
One, Highlight the constitutional principle of equality between men and women and the basic national policy.
The "New Women’s Regulation" highlights the guiding role of the constitutional principle of equality between men and women and the basic national policy, and takes "fully implementing the constitutional principle of equality between men and women and the basic national policy, and promoting the formulation and improvement of relevant laws and policies to protect women’s rights and interests" as the primary goal, which embodies the development direction of women’s cause in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Focusing on the goal of building Kunming under the rule of law, we should comprehensively protect women’s legitimate rights and interests from the aspects of building a systematic, scientific, standardized and effective system for safeguarding women’s rights and interests, attach importance to the construction of the legal team for safeguarding women’s rights and interests, attach importance to the gender equality assessment in the formulation and implementation of local laws and regulations, and promote and promote gender equality. Make full use of judicial means to improve the enforcement of protecting women’s rights and interests and the efficiency of supervision and supervision of related issues, and realize gender equality in various channels and ways.
Second, Focus on solving the key problems faced by the protection of women’s rights and interests
The "New Women’s Regulations" adhere to the goal orientation and problem orientation, and put forward targeted goals and measures in view of the key and difficult work faced by the protection of women’s rights and interests in reality, such as the in-depth implementation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Anti-Domestic Violence Law. First, "deeply implement the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Anti-Domestic Violence Regulations of Yunnan Province, establish and improve the multi-departmental working mechanism to prevent and stop domestic violence", strengthen the implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Anti-Domestic Violence Regulations of Yunnan Province, implement the mechanism of domestic violence discovery, reporting and disposal, strengthen the sense of responsibility of all subjects in performing their duties according to law, increase the enforcement of handling police and other work, and severely punish them according to law. The second is to severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as trafficking in women, sexual assault and sexual harassment of women, promote the improvement of professional working mechanism, and improve the long-term mechanism of anti-trafficking work integrating prevention, crackdown, rescue, resettlement and rehabilitation of trafficking cases; Improve the mechanism of timely, comprehensive and one-time collection of fixed evidence in sexual assault cases; We will improve the information inquiry system for criminals who commit sexual assault, and improve and implement the employment prohibition system, so as to achieve better prevention and control effects and respect and protect women’s privacy and psychological needs. The third is to crack down on cyber crimes against women, clearly standardize cyber content, manage cyber platforms, purify cyber environment, strengthen cyber supervision, and improve women’s awareness and ability to prevent telecommunication network fraud. The fourth is to protect women’s property ownership and inheritance rights in family relations.Ensure that women enjoy the right to know and equal treatment of the common property in marriage and family relations. In view of the fact that the man is in a dominant position in the family, the "New Women’s Regulations" emphasizes that women and men should equally enjoy the ownership and the right to know about the joint property of husband and wife, and that divorced women should obtain land, houses, shares and other rights and interests according to law, so as to provide necessary divorce relief for divorced women in vulnerable situations.
Third, Highlight the overall improvement of women’s own rule of law literacy
The "New Women’s Regulation" puts forward the goal of "improving women’s awareness and ability to respect law-abiding usage and giving full play to women’s role in the construction of Kunming ruled by law". In terms of strategic measures, it attaches great importance to the improvement of women’s own legal literacy, attaches importance to the special legal popularization activities related to the protection of women’s rights and interests, such as People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Code and People’s Republic of China (PRC) Domestic Violence Law, and shapes women’s legal thinking and behavior habits in various legal popularization ways. Support women to participate in legislative, judicial and legal popularization activities in various forms, promote women’s own rule of law literacy to adapt to the pace of modernization of the national governance capacity governance system, and give full play to women’s role in the construction of the rule of law in Kunming.
"Statistics and Monitoring" in the Interpretation of the New "Two Regulations" in Kunming;
Improve data quality and do a good job in monitoring service.
Kunming statistics bureau
In the last round of "Kunming Women and Children Development Plan (2011-2020)" (hereinafter referred to as "the two regulations"), the compliance rate of women’s regulations monitoring indicators was 99.0%, and the compliance rate of children’s regulations monitoring indicators was 98.2%. Generally speaking, the cause of women and children is developing well, the health care situation has improved obviously, the social status has been continuously improved, the development environment has continued to be optimized, and the legitimate rights and interests have been further guaranteed. The new round of "Kunming Women and Children Development Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as the new "two regulations") is a programmatic document for the all-round development of women and children in Kunming in the new era, which clearly puts forward the strategic measures and new development requirements for promoting the all-round development of women and children in the new development stage.
The first is to actively integrate into the "two regulations." The new "two regulations" are the ten-year plan for the development of women and children in Kunming. They always adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, unswervingly implement the new development concept, adhere to the people-centered development idea, adhere to the development path of women and children in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implement the basic national policy of equality between men and women, attach great importance to the protection of children, constantly improve the system and mechanism for the all-round development of women and children, and actively promote the cause of women and children to be at the forefront of the times. Therefore, Party committees, governments and member units at all levels should attach great importance to it, take the initiative to integrate, include the work of women and children in the annual key work objectives of the unit, deploy and implement it together, actively coordinate and serve actively.
The second is strict departmental system. Compared with the last round, the new "two regulations" added a field of "women and family building" in the women’s regulations and two fields of "children and safety" and "children and family" in the children’s regulations. At the same time, the new "two regulations" statistical indicators involve various departments and member units and belong to the departmental statistical system. According to the Statistics Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations, the departmental statistical system shall be submitted for examination and approval. Therefore, on the one hand, the office of the Working Committee on Women and Children should, in accordance with the requirements of the departmental statistical system and the new statistical monitoring index system of the two regulations, formulate a new statistical monitoring report system of the two regulations, submit it for examination and approval, implement statistics according to law and effectively monitor it. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen communication and coordination with member units, formulate mid-term and final goals scientifically, reasonably and realistically, standardize the interpretation of indicators, clarify the scope of indicators, and unify the caliber and measurement units of statistical indicators. On the other hand, member units should set up special posts of new "two regulations" monitoring statisticians according to departmental regulations to ensure data quality and ensure the continuity, comparability, authenticity and accuracy of the new "two regulations" statistical monitoring data.
The third is to strengthen business training. According to the division of responsibilities of member units, all levels should actively cooperate with the Office of the Working Committee on Women and Children to do a good job in the statistical monitoring of the new "two regulations", strengthen the professional training of statistical monitoring of women and children, clarify the system of departmental statistical reports in strict accordance with the requirements of statistical laws and regulations, clarify the provisions and requirements for reporting indicators of statistical monitoring of women and children, and clarify the methods for collecting, analyzing and processing monitoring data, so as to make the statistical monitoring of the new "two regulations" detailed and practical.
The fourth is active research services. Under the coordination of the Office of the Working Committee on Women and Children, we should actively conduct timely research on the statistical monitoring of women and children in counties (cities), find and solve the difficulties and problems existing in the statistical monitoring of women and children in counties (cities) in time, and make early warning and judgment in time, so as to form a good atmosphere in which leaders attach great importance to the statistical monitoring of the new "two regulations", data collection is complete, data is true and accurate, and departments are linked quickly, and strengthen coordination and communication with member units
The fifth is to strengthen analysis and research. On the basis of carefully writing the annual, mid-term and final statistical monitoring and analysis reports of women and children’s development planning, we should actively strengthen early warning analysis and strive to solve the important and difficult problems in the completion of the objectives and tasks of Kunming’s women and children’s development planning. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to establish a monitoring and analysis report exchange, feedback and release mechanism, sum up useful experience in time, find out outstanding problems, predict development trends, put forward countermeasures and suggestions, and improve monitoring and analysis work ability and professional level. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the research and application of monitoring and analysis results, give early warning to monitoring indicators that are expected to meet the standards and fluctuate greatly, put forward countermeasures and suggestions in time for outstanding problems and weak links found in the analysis, and summarize and popularize good practices and experiences in time. On the other hand, it is necessary to give full play to the role of monitoring and analysis results in serving decision-making, and regularly submit monitoring and analysis to the government at the same level and relevant departments to provide data basis for decision-making.
"Children and Health" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Improve the children’s health security system Children’s health has reached a higher standard.
Kunming Health and Wellness Committee
Children are the future of the country, and children are shouldering the historical mission of building a socialist modernization power and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Children’s health is an important guarantee for their development. Kunming actively promotes the rapid development of children’s health. The Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as the "New Children’s Plan") not only inherits the effective objectives and measures of the last round of Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2011-2020) to ensure the continuity of the plan, but also has new features and highlights, which are more in line with the needs of children’s health services and focus on children’s health. Specifically, the "New Children’s Code" has the following four characteristics in the field of children and health:
First, improve health indicators to ensure the high-quality development of children’s health.
The overall goal of the "New Children’s Regulations" in the field of children and health is centered on the healthy China strategy. In view of the problems and new situations that children’s health needs long-term attention, 12 goals and 15 strategic measures have been set for the construction and improvement of children’s health management service system, the guidance of children’s health literacy awareness, the popularization of healthy lifestyle, the improvement of children’s health literacy level, the reduction of mortality rate and the improvement of vaccination rate. The neonatal mortality rate (city < 2 ‰, province < 2 ‰, China < 3 ‰), infant mortality rate (city < 3 ‰, province < 3.5 ‰, country < 5 ‰), mortality rate of children under five (city < 4 ‰, province < 5 ‰, country < 6 ‰), anemia rate of children under five (city < 8%, province < 10%, country < 10 ‰).
Two, extend the scope of work, and strive to improve the primary child health service system.
In the field of "children and health" in the "new children’s regulations", efforts are made to build a grassroots child health service system. The construction of mechanisms and systems, such as "promoting the construction of regional medical centers, building a medical and health care service network for children at the city and county levels" and "establishing a multi-sectoral linkage mechanism to prevent and control birth defects", all show that the "New Children’s Regulations" pay more attention to the construction of children’s health service system and are committed to uniting all sectors of society to build a strict guarantee system for children’s health. In terms of talent team construction and resource allocation, it is proposed to "focus on maternity and child health care institutions, children’s hospitals and pediatrics of general hospitals, improve the three-level diagnosis and treatment service network for children, and strengthen the talent team for children’s health services" to protect children’s health from the source, requiring "1.12 pediatric practicing (assistant) doctors per thousand children", speeding up the training of children’s medical talents and improving the professional skills of pediatrics and child health care of general practitioners. Carry out appropriate technical training for early childhood development, improve the service ability and technical level of industry personnel, and strengthen the early childhood development guidance services for families and nursery institutions. In the prevention and treatment of children’s diseases, according to the goal of "screening at the county level and diagnosing at the municipal level", a training base for prevention and treatment of birth defects at the municipal level should be established, the prevention and monitoring network of birth defects should be improved, the development of maternal and fetal medicine should be promoted, and early screening, early diagnosis and early treatment should be achieved. The "New Children’s Regulations" create a complete primary child health service system from the aspects of mechanism construction, personnel training and disease prevention, so as to ensure the healthy development of children.
Third, build a prevention and control system to help children grow up healthily in the whole process
In the field of children and health, the "New Children’s Regulations" emphasizes the importance of constructing and perfecting the prevention and control system covering all stages of children’s growth and doing a good job in basic health services.
The first is to move the health barrier forward further. It is proposed to "build and improve the prevention and control system of birth defects covering pre-marriage, pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, newborns and children". Establish a multi-sectoral linkage mechanism to prevent and control birth defects, standardize the establishment and management of pre-marital and pre-pregnancy health care clinics, prenatal screening institutions and prenatal diagnosis institutions, and improve the network for screening, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal diseases. Strengthen the construction of three-level rescue centers for critically ill newborns at the provincial, city and county levels, and strengthen the rescue guarantee for critically ill newborns. Improve the quality control management system of obstetrics and neonatology in medical institutions, strengthen the construction of neonatal health care specialty and the application of appropriate technologies for neonatal health care.
The second is comprehensive care in the process of growth. From towns to rural areas, from birth to growth, from family, school to society, Kunming’s children’s health service system embodies the characteristics of continuity and professionalism, highlighting the health significance of "1,000-day nutrition" in children’s early life. In terms of preventing and controlling myopia, the goal of preventing and controlling myopia is listed separately, "the coverage rate of eye care and vision examination for children aged 0-6 is over 92%". It is pointed out that "students’ eyesight will not decline during school" should be included in the assessment target during the principal’s term of office, electronic files of children’s eyesight should be established, bad reading and writing postures should be corrected, and children should be guided to use electronic products scientifically, which reflects the determination to comprehensively control myopia.
The third is to expand coverage in basic services. It is put forward that "gradually expand and optimize the types of vaccines in the national immunization program, and the vaccination rate of school-age children will reach more than 95% in the township (town)", with special emphasis on "strengthening the service for left-behind and floating children and improving the quality of immunization services", which reflects the concern for special groups of children and effectively plans for parents to solve worries.
Fourth, in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, we should give priority to prevention and combine prevention with treatment, and strengthen the health management and early development of children aged 0-6. Focusing on children’s health problems such as premature delivery, low birth weight, anemia, obesity, abnormal psychological behavior, pneumonia, diarrhea, poor eyesight and dental caries, it is required to implement prevention and control strategies of early screening, early diagnosis and early treatment to reduce the burden of disease and promote children’s health. Strengthen the management of infectious diseases and improve the diagnosis and treatment ability and treatment level of major diseases such as hematological diseases and malignant tumors in children.
Fourth, show humanistic care and attach importance to children’s mental health and sex education.
Compared with the last round of children’s rules, the "new children’s rules" pay attention to the importance of mental health for children’s development. It is proposed to "enhance children’s mental health service ability, improve children’s mental health level, and protect children’s mental health from various aspects such as system, platform and manpower. School-age children generally receive sexual health education, and the accessibility of children’s sexual health services has been significantly improved. " Put forward the requirements and specific measures to protect children’s mental health from medical institutions, schools and society. In terms of building a public service network for children’s mental health education, consulting services, assessment and treatment, crisis intervention and psychological assistance, it is also mentioned that "secondary vocational schools and primary and secondary schools in the city have set up psychological counseling rooms according to national standards, and the proportion of primary and secondary schools equipped with full-time (part-time) mental health staff has reached over 80% and over 90% respectively, and the teacher-student ratio is not less than 1:800", and a linkage mechanism for children’s psychological crisis intervention and early warning has been established.
Sexual health is an essential part of children’s development. In terms of sex education, the "New Children’s Regulations" do not avoid talking about it, but should know everything and put forward that sex education should be included in the basic education system and quality monitoring system. Actively guide children to correctly understand the relationship between the sexes, establish a correct concept of gender, and improve the popularization rate of sexual and reproductive health knowledge among school-age children. In the aspect of family education, parents or other guardians are guided to carry out sex education according to children’s age and development characteristics, and the prevention of sexual assault education is strengthened, with the aim of further improving children’s awareness and ability of self-protection. Promote cooperation between schools and medical institutions, and standardize the information protection system of medical institutions to fully protect children’s sexual health and privacy.
"Children and Safety" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Constructing the prevention and control system of children’s injuries and further improving the level of children’s safety development
Kunming Health and Wellness Committee, Kunming Education and Sports Bureau, Kunming Public Security Bureau.
Safety is the basis of ensuring children’s growth and the most important part of children’s rights. Children’s life safety and health are greatly threatened by injuries, and families and society bear a huge burden because of injuries. In the field of "Children and Safety" in Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as "New Children’s Regulations"), combined with the characteristics of children’s safety work in Kunming, it is clearly proposed to do a good job of children in the new era in the new development stage from the aspects of preventing children’s injuries, ensuring the safety of children’s food and supplies, preventing all forms of violence against children, comprehensively controlling students’ bullying, strengthening children’s network protection and perfecting relevant working mechanisms. Specifically, the characteristics of the "New Children’s Rules" in the field of "Children and Safety" are as follows:
First, pay attention to the risks faced by children’s safety in the new era.
The vast majority of children’s injuries and deaths are caused by accidental injuries. At the same time, poisoning and disability caused by children’s food and supplies also occur from time to time. school bullying, cyber violence and other forms of violence against children are also endless, among which many child safety incidents with particularly serious consequences have attracted the attention of the whole society. In the field of "children and safety", the "New Children’s Regulations" clearly put forward that by 2030, the death and disability caused by child injuries should be reduced, and the death rate of child injuries should be reduced by 20% based on 2020. It also put forward clear objectives and specific measures for road traffic safety, prevention of drowning, prevention of falling, prevention of food poisoning and burns, safety of children’s articles, prevention of violence against children, bullying by students and network protection, and further responded.
Second, focus on the practical problems of children’s safety work in Kunming
On the basis of scientific research on the overall situation and existing problems of children’s safety in recent years, under the overall framework of the new round of national children’s development program, combined with the specific practices, experiences and models of Kunming’s relevant departments, organizations (including mass organizations and social organizations) and urban and rural grass-roots units in child safety prevention and control, after several rounds of departmental consultation and expert consultation, the new children’s regulations have been revised many times to form the main objectives and strategic measures system to promote children’s safety in the next decade. The strategic measures of the "New Children’s Regulations" first propose to innovate the concept of child safety, and sort out the concept of paying equal attention to traditional safety and non-traditional safety, then propose to establish and improve the work system of child injury prevention and control, strengthen legislation and law enforcement, and then propose to create a safe environment for children, and then put forward specific prevention and control strategies and measures for specific types of injuries, including road traffic safety, drowning, falling, poisoning, burns, food safety, and supplies safety. From ideas, policies and laws, work system, environment creation to specific injury prevention and control measures, it fully embodies the scientific and systematic nature of children’s safety work.
Third, emphasize the protection concept of zero tolerance for children’s violence
The "New Children’s Code" emphasizes the concept of zero tolerance for children’s violence, strengthens the protection responsibilities of the state, society, schools and families, and establishes a departmental cooperation mechanism for preventing and controlling children’s violence. The "New Children’s Regulations" adhere to the problem orientation, and clearly put forward the goals of "preventing and stopping all forms of violence against children", "improving the comprehensive management ability of student bullying, preventing and effectively handling student bullying" and "preventing and intervening children from indulging in the internet and effectively managing bad information and privacy leakage" in view of the most common and prominent problems of children’s safety. At the same time, the "new children’s regulations" also put forward the goal of further improving the "monitoring and reporting system for children’s injuries and violence", laying a solid foundation for doing a good job in children’s safety. In the aspect of family education, it is emphasized that parents must adopt legal and appropriate education methods and must not commit domestic violence against children. In terms of school education, we should further tighten the responsibility of schools in resisting school violence, and ask them to clarify the specific responsibilities and work processes for preventing and handling student bullying, implement various measures to prevent and deal with student bullying, and cooperate with relevant departments to properly handle student bullying incidents and educate students who practice bullying. The school has the obligation to report to the public security organs and the administrative departments of education in time for students who refuse to mend their ways and commit bullying or violence for many times.
Four, strengthen the coordination of children’s safety work in Kunming.
Children’s safety involves many aspects. It not only attaches importance to accidental injuries such as traffic safety, drowning, falling and poisoning, but also attaches importance to non-accidental injuries, that is, all forms of violent injuries against children. It also includes child protection issues that have been highly concerned by the whole society and parents in recent years, and focuses on the establishment and improvement of child injury prevention and control work system, child injury monitoring system and departmental cooperation mechanism for child injury prevention and control. Children’s safety work involves children and their families, schools, relevant government departments, enterprises, mass organizations, social organizations, urban and rural grass-roots communities and many other subjects, which requires that all subjects should carry out their duties and coordinate with each other from concept awareness to action implementation, so as to effectively protect children’s safety.
First of all, for children and their caregivers, it is necessary to carry out safety education, improve their safety awareness, help them master safety knowledge and skills, and cultivate children’s safe behavior habits. Secondly, it is necessary to implement the main responsibilities of safety management such as schools, kindergartens and nursery institutions, and carry out safety drills to improve children’s ability to respond to emergencies and self-care, self-help, disaster prevention and escape. Thirdly, urban and rural communities strengthen environmental governance and eliminate potential safety hazards. Strengthen child safety protection measures in public places and crowded places where minors concentrate their activities. Finally, the relevant enterprises and organizations should implement the responsibility of maintaining children’s safety according to law. Children’s safety requires all relevant subjects to bear corresponding responsibilities, and all forces are integrated into a joint force to ensure children’s safety.
"Children and Education" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Promote education, popularize inclusive, safe and quality development
John young, Deputy Director of Primary Education Department of Kunming Education and Sports Bureau (on post)
Education is a national plan and a party plan. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, Kunming has unswervingly implemented the strategy of giving priority to the development of education, and has made all-round progress in education, and its development vitality has been continuously enhanced. Recently, Kunming issued the "Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as the "New Children’s Regulations"), which set 9 main goals and 12 strategic measures in the field of "children and education", involving preschool education, compulsory education and high school education, covering all-round cultivation of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, paying special attention to the overall improvement of children’s scientific quality and implementing the "double reduction" proposal.
First, the fundamental task of comprehensively establishing Lide Shuren
Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we should fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and resolutely achieve the "two safeguards". Under the strong leadership of the Party, we should fully implement the Party’s educational policy and follow the "nine adherences". Firmly implement the strategy of strengthening the city through education, take rallying people’s hearts, perfecting personality, developing intelligence, cultivating talents and benefiting the people as the working goal, take moral education as the fundamental task, take reform and innovation as the driving force, take improving quality as the core, focus on promoting fairness, and take the "three-person" project as the starting point to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development. To this end, the "New Children’s Regulations" clearly put forward "fully implementing the fundamental task of educating people by virtue, ensuring children’s right to education according to law, improving and perfecting the education public service system, promoting the balanced development of basic education, and cultivating socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, beauty and labor". The "New Children’s Regulations" emphasizes that to fully implement the fundamental tasks of Lide Shuren, first, we must fully implement the party’s educational policy. The party’s educational policy is the concentrated expression of the party’s theory, line, principles and policies in the field of education, and it is necessary to improve the implementation mechanism of Lide Shuren. It is necessary to integrate moral education, cultural knowledge education and social practice education, run through basic education, vocational education and higher education, continuously improve students’ ideological level, political consciousness, moral quality and cultural accomplishment, and run the ideological and political work system through talent training systems such as discipline system, teaching system, teaching material system and management system.The second is to extensively carry out education on ideals and beliefs. The third is to strengthen the rule of law education and national defense education. The fourth is to strengthen mental health education. Strengthen the construction of mental health teachers, take the school as the unit, equip full-time mental health teachers, organize professional training in various forms and at different levels, and ensure that teachers in mental health education enjoy the same treatment as class teachers. Continue to carry out the construction of mental health demonstration schools, and realize that psychological counseling rooms in primary and secondary schools should be built. Explore the establishment of a screening mechanism for mental health problems of teachers and students, carry out mental health monitoring of teachers and students, implement classified assistance for the problems found, unblock the green referral channels of designated medical institutions, strengthen home-school cooperation, guide off-campus education, and prevent and reduce serious psychological crisis cases to the maximum extent.
Second, further improve the level of education popularization and realize the high-level development of all kinds of education at all levels.
Focus on rural areas, poverty-stricken areas and ethnic areas, make precise policies, fill shortcomings, and increase people’s educational opportunities. The first is to improve the universal level of preschool education. The "New Children’s Regulations" mentions "building a pre-school education service network that is run by citizens at the same time, promoting the universal and inclusive development of pre-school education, and keeping the gross enrollment rate of pre-school education above 99%". It is clear that in the next ten years, preschool education will aim at "high-level popularization and high-quality development", start with the creation of a universal inclusive county, and focus on "expanding preschool education resources, increasing the proportion of inclusive kindergartens, adjusting the structure of citizens’ offices and improving the level of education protection" to continuously promote the universal inclusive development of preschool education. The second is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. The "New Children’s Regulations" mentions "promoting the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas, and the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education has reached over 98%". Implement the action plan for balanced development of compulsory education, implement the standards for the construction of compulsory education schools, and realize the unification of the standards for the construction of compulsory education schools in the county, the standards for the preparation of teachers, the benchmark quota for public funds per student, and the standards for the allocation of basic equipment. On the basis of consolidating the basic balance, we will promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and the proportion of high-quality and balanced counties will reach 20%, 50% and 100% by 2022, 2025 and 2035 respectively. Promote the modernization of educational technology and equipment in primary and secondary schools, and meet the necessary requirements by 2022; Basically meet the requirements of high standards in 2025; Fully meet the requirements of high standards in 2035. Promote the integration of urban and rural compulsory education.Implement the "county-based" management system of compulsory education, and actively and steadily promote compulsory education to enter the school without examination. Scientifically plan the layout of urban and rural schools, and strictly establish a supporting school system for new residential areas. Improve the allocation mechanism of teachers in urban and rural areas, implement the "county-managed school employment", and promote the exchange and rotation of principals and teachers in urban and rural areas. We will implement full coverage of pairing assistance for primary and secondary schools in the county, and promote schools in remote and poor areas to start a good national curriculum. Use "Internet+Education" to expand the coverage of quality education resources and improve the running level of weak schools in rural areas. Accelerate the implementation of the "all-round thinning" plan, improve the functions of schools, solve the problems of weak villages and crowded towns, and eliminate large classes. Actively promote the collectivization of compulsory education and school district management, establish a precise assistance mechanism, and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and schools. Improve the working mechanism of "controlling dropping out of school and protecting education". Establish a closed-loop management mechanism to control school dropout, further promote the "double-line ten-person system" and "dynamic zero-return supervision system", implement the responsibility of controlling school dropout, and clarify the responsibilities of government, schools and guardians. The policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy" covers all urban and rural areas, improves the targeted assistance mechanism for dropouts, and improves the classified resettlement and compensatory education measures for returning students to ensure that dropouts can stay and study well after returning to school. Run boarding schools well, keep and run necessary small-scale rural schools (including teaching points) to prevent students from dropping out of school and dropping out of school because of inconvenient schooling. Comprehensively strengthen the quality management of compulsory education. Carry out the activities of establishing characteristic schools, strengthen school-based research, teacher training, curriculum reform, campus culture construction, etc., promote the development of characteristics and enhance students’ core literacy.Construct the basic education pattern of "one school, one product". Optimize the management of teaching process and further improve the institutionalized, standardized and scientific level of teaching management in primary and secondary schools. Strengthen the regular supervision of teaching, strengthen the special guidance for weak schools, and improve the normal management level. The third is to improve the development level of high school education. The "new children’s regulations" put forward "to consolidate and improve the popularization level of high school education, and the gross enrollment rate in high school will reach and remain above 98%. Promote the coordinated development of ordinary high schools and secondary vocational education. " We will continue to promote the expansion and upgrading of ordinary high schools, pay close attention to the quality of high school education, increase the construction of characteristic high schools, and further improve the three-level layered and focused educational and scientific research mechanism of "cities, counties and schools". Improve the level of vocational education serving economic and social development, strengthen the connection between secondary and higher vocational schools and explore the pilot project of integration of production and education, and vigorously support the development of higher vocational colleges. In view of the shortcomings and weaknesses, strengthen the top-level design, introduce the implementation opinions of local party committees and governments to strengthen education, create a good atmosphere for education development, and strengthen the policy and mechanism guarantee.
Third, ensure fairness and care for special groups
The "New Children’s Regulations" put forward that "the level of special education should be improved, and special children should be guaranteed equal access to basic education. The gross enrollment rate of compulsory education for disabled children will reach over 96%, and the consolidation rate will continue to increase". Improve the care system for left-behind children. To implement territorial responsibility, schools in all regions should establish information accounts for left-behind children. Establish a precise assistance system to ensure the personal safety of left-behind children and ensure that left-behind children do not drop out of school. Do a good job in enrolling children who move with them. We will implement the "two-oriented" policy of receiving migrant children mainly from inflow areas and public schools. Eligible accompanying children, combined with the actual situation, are mainly arranged to attend public schools; If the degree of public schools is insufficient, the method of purchasing public degree in private schools is taken as a supplement. Promote the development of special education. Increase investment in county-level special education, and build resource classrooms in towns and villages with a population of more than 100,000 to provide support for regular classes; There are special education schools in counties (cities) with a population of more than 300,000, and counties (cities) with a population of less than 300,000 adopt the method of joint construction, do a good job in the study of "three types" disabled children, and improve the system of sending severely disabled students to teach at home. Ensure that the enrollment rate of compulsory education for disabled children and adolescents in the city reaches more than 96%, and the quality of education has improved significantly.
Fourth, attach great importance to children’s science education
The "New Children’s Code" puts forward that "children’s scientific quality should be improved in an all-round way, campus cultural life should be enriched, off-campus practice should be moderately carried out, and children’s scientific interest, innovative consciousness and practical ability should be improved". Implement the scientific quality action for teenagers. Give full play to the role of family and carry out pre-school science enlightenment education. Improve the quality of school science education, improve curriculum standards and curriculum system, and enrich curriculum resources. Promote heuristic, exploratory, participatory and interdisciplinary teaching methods to cultivate young people’s innovative spirit and practical ability. Strengthen social coordination, pay attention to the use of science and technology museums, children’s centers, youth palaces, museums and other off-campus places to carry out off-campus scientific learning and practical activities. Widely carry out community science popularization activities. Strengthen the construction of full-time and part-time science teachers and science and technology counselors. Establish and improve the monitoring and evaluation system of young people’s scientific quality.
Five, adhere to the five education and collaborative education.
The "new children’s regulations" put forward "to cultivate builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor" and "to further improve the cooperative education mechanism of schools, families and society" The first is to improve the level of intellectual education. Implement teaching in strict accordance with the national curriculum plan and curriculum standards to ensure that students meet the academic quality standards stipulated by the state. Strengthen scientific education and experimental teaching, and extensively carry out various forms of reading activities. Give full play to teachers’ leading role, guide teachers to scientifically grasp students’ cognitive laws, and do a good job in every class. Highlight students’ dominant position, stimulate learning interest and improve learning ability. The second is to strengthen physical exercise and implement school-based physical education actions. Strict implementation of students’ physical health standards. Except for students who are exempted from physical education, graduation certificates may not be issued if they fail to meet the standards of physical fitness and health. Let’s start all over physical education class, and ensure that students exercise for at least one hour every day, and each student can master one or two skills. Vigorously develop campus football and hold regular sports meetings or sports festivals. Encourage local public sports venues to open to students free of charge or at preferential rates. Encourage social organizations to provide sports services for students by purchasing services. The third is to enhance aesthetic education. We will promote aesthetic education in schools, strictly implement music, fine arts, calligraphy and other courses, and set up courses with artistic characteristics in combination with local culture. Extensive campus art activities are carried out, and each student learns one or two artistic skills and can sing the main theme songs. Encourage schools to set up characteristic art teams and promote the construction of Chinese excellent traditional culture and art heritage schools. By purchasing services, professional artistic talents are encouraged to teach part-time in the school. The fourth is to strengthen labor education.Implement the guiding outline of labor education. Optimize the curriculum structure of comprehensive practical activities to ensure that the class hours of labor education are not less than half. Schools should adhere to the student duty system, organize students to participate in campus labor, and actively carry out off-campus labor practice and community volunteer service. Create a number of labor education experimental areas. Fifth, pay attention to family education. Through family committees, parents’ schools, parents’ classrooms and purchasing services, a collaborative education system linked by the government, families, schools and society will be formed.
"Children and Welfare" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Safeguard children’s welfare in an all-round way and promote the cause of children’s welfarerapid development
Kunming civil affairs bureau children welfare Chu
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have incorporated children’s work into the national strategy, and issued a series of major policies and measures, so that children’s welfare and the protection of minors have been placed in an unprecedented important position. In the next 10 years, the development of children’s welfare will also show a high-quality leap-forward development, which is mainly reflected in the continuous improvement of the moderately inclusive child welfare system. The field of "Children and Welfare" in Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as "New Children’s Regulations") contains 11 main objectives and 15 strategic measures, which create a good environment for children’s development in Kunming in all aspects:
First, to improve the moderately inclusive child welfare system as the core.
The "New Children’s Regulations" emphasizes that children’s welfare will focus on improving the moderately inclusive child welfare system, further strengthen the protection of vulnerable children such as orphans, children who are actually left unattended, disabled children, children in distress, left-behind children in rural areas, street children, migrant children and poor children, further improve the child welfare service mechanism, and further improve the professional level of the child welfare service team, thus significantly improving the child welfare level. Promote the integration of parenting, rehabilitation, education, medical care and social work in regional child welfare institutions. Give play to the role of comprehensive service facilities in urban and rural communities and provide service places for children. Urge the village (neighborhood) committee to implement the responsibility of child protection. Further explore the path and mechanism of establishing a social support system for child protection.
Second, multiple subjects work together for children’s welfare.
The "New Children’s Regulations" emphasizes "establishing a government-led and multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism for children’s nutrition improvement, improving the policy support system that encourages social forces to participate" and "forming an infant care service system with diversified subjects, standardized management and quality assurance". While strengthening government responsibilities, it pays more attention to the participation of multiple subjects in children’s welfare undertakings. Moderately inclusive child welfare itself means the expansion and deepening of the state’s responsibility for child welfare, and the government needs to take more responsibilities to build and improve this system, including formulating, perfecting and promoting the implementation of various child welfare policies and measures, realizing the equalization of basic public services, standardizing child care services and establishing and improving the supervision system of child care service institutions, improving the ability of urban and rural grassroots children’s work teams, and cultivating social organizations and voluntary organizations. This is also the "national parental right". But at the same time, the "New Children’s Regulations" attaches great importance to the fact that enterprises, institutions, social organizations, families, schools, communities and even individual children also have their due responsibilities in the cause of children’s welfare. The "New Children’s Regulations" clearly defines the rights and responsibilities of each subject around the moderately inclusive child welfare system. The government and other responsible subjects should perform their respective duties, and cooperate with each other, so as to promote the improvement of the moderately inclusive child welfare system more smoothly.
Third, focus on children’s services and reduce the pressure of parenting.
Service is an indispensable key to the child welfare system. Lack of service or imperfect service will make it difficult or insufficient to implement various child welfare policies. The "New Children’s Regulations" attaches great importance to service, and specifies the service items and contents, positions and teams in detail and clearly. For example, nursery service for infants under 3 years old is an important guarantee for family welfare and children’s development, and it is also an urgent problem for families and women, and it is also the key to the smooth implementation of the "three-child policy" related to the country’s important population strategic deployment. Therefore, the "New Children’s Regulations" put forward that by 2030, Kunming should realize "building a diversified and diversified care service system for infants under 3 years old, covering urban and rural areas, and the number of nursery institutions and nurseries will continue to increase, and the proportion of infants under 3 years old will not be less than 20%". In order to achieve this goal, the "New Children’s Regulations" put forward the strategic measures of "developing the universal care service system and promoting the care service for infants under 3 years old in a diversified way", and stipulated that the service content mainly includes scientific parenting guidance to enhance the family’s scientific parenting ability. The establishment of the care service system for infants under 3 years old will greatly alleviate the anxiety of the majority of people of childbearing age, especially women, and can effectively transform their fertility will into fertility behavior, thus improving the replacement level of China’s population and better coping with the challenges of aging.
Fourth, pay attention to social forces to participate in children’s welfare.
Social organizations, especially professional social work organizations, make up for the shortcomings of government departments and markets to a great extent with their advantages of professionalism, flexibility, non-profit and closeness to clients. Through in-depth and meticulous needs assessment, we can understand the needs of children and their families, and then use and link resources to provide services for children and their families, including financial assistance, parent-child emotional communication and psychological counseling, and have achieved remarkable results. Social organizations have played an important role in the field of child welfare and child protection. The "New Children’s Regulations" fully attaches importance to the participation of social organizations in the field of children’s welfare, and not only sets up "to cultivate and develop social organizations serving children and professional teams of children’s social work. Every township (street) should be equipped with at least one full-time social worker "as a main goal. In addition, in the strategic measures such as developing the universal nursery service system, strengthening the rescue and protection of street children, strengthening the care and protection of left-behind children in rural areas, children in distress and floating children, and improving the management service level in Children’s Home, we all emphasize encouraging and supporting the participation of social organizations in order to improve the accessibility, professionalism and fineness of services. It can be seen that social organizations have great potential in the field of children’s welfare.
An Interpretation of the New "Two Rules" Series in Kunming: Children and Family
Paying attention to the construction of family environment and promoting children’s family educationHigher steps
Kunming women’s Federation jiaerbu
The field of "Children and Family" in Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as "New Children’s Regulations") is listed as a priority area for children’s development. Eight main goals and nine safeguard measures are set. Combined with the actual construction of family environment for children’s growth in Kunming, the requirements for families to fulfill their main responsibilities are further strengthened from the aspects of giving full play to the role of families in fostering people, implementing guardianship responsibilities and establishing scientific parenting concepts. Emphasis is placed on the support and guarantee for families to perform their duties, and support for families is strengthened from the aspects of supporting family laws and policies, parents’ school and family education guidance services, supporting children in distress and their families, implementing maternity leave and maternity allowance, and exploring the implementation of parental leave. Adding "children and family" as a priority area for children’s development fully reflects the profound understanding of the relationship between family and children and attaches great importance to it, which is of great significance to improving the quality of family education in Kunming and supporting the construction of a family environment suitable for children’s healthy growth.
First, the family is the first classroom for children, giving play to the basic role of the family in educating people.
Family education is an important part of the whole national education system. Although we attach great importance to children’s education in traditional culture, the reality is that some parents have lost their ability to educate their children for various reasons, and more parents do not pay enough attention to the scientific nature of their children’s family education, which eventually leads to a series of family, school and social problems. The "New Children’s Regulations" insists on guiding family education with socialist core values, and regards "giving full play to the role of the family as the first school to educate people" as the primary goal in the field of "children and families", and educates and guides children to cultivate and practice socialist core values. The primary goal emphasizes that parents are the first responsible person for family education, and parents or other guardians should establish the sense of responsibility that the family is the first classroom for children and the parents are the first teachers for children, take the main responsibility for implementing family education, and educate children to develop good thoughts, conduct and habits with correct thoughts, methods and behaviors, which is also the fundamental task and foothold of family education. Moral education is the most important education in children’s all-round development, which provides spiritual motivation and value guidance for intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education and labor education. The fundamental task of "cultivating people by virtue" has a guiding role in overcoming the problems of "emphasizing wisdom over morality" and "emphasizing education over education" in family education. Consistent with "Lide Shuren" is the goal of "training children to be practitioners and inheritors of good family style", which clearly puts forward that parents should play an exemplary role, cultivate a positive and healthy family culture, establish and inherit a good family style, and carry forward the family virtues of the Chinese nation.Work together to build a civilized and harmonious family relationship and create a good family environment for children’s healthy growth.
Second, respect children’s dominant position and guarantee children’s right to participate.
At present, some families overemphasize the authority of parents, and there are some misunderstandings in family education, such as excessive pursuit of test scores, "attaching importance to wisdom and neglecting morality" and "utilitarian" education, which leads to the disharmony of parent-child relationship. The "New Children’s Regulations" set two main goals: "respecting children’s subjective status and rights" and "cultivating good parent-child relationship", emphasizing the persistence of children’s perspective and respecting children as independent individuals with independent rights. In the strategic measures, parents or other guardians should be guided to be child-oriented, respect the laws and characteristics of children’s physical and mental development, guide families to establish effective parent-child communication methods, guide and help families to adjust parent-child relations, protect children’s rights to rest, exercise, leisure and entertainment, reasonably arrange children’s study and life, and increase the time for physical exercise, labor practice, rest and entertainment, social practice, peer interaction and parent-child activities. In view of the neglect of children’s right to participate in their own and family affairs on an equal footing in family life, the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of Child-friendly Cities, the Outline of China’s Children’s Development (2021-2030) and the Plan of Yunnan’s Children’s Development (2021-2030) jointly issued by 23 departments including the National Development and Reform Commission put forward the goal of creating child-friendly cities and communities, and the "New Children’s Regulations" emphasized the basis. Let children equally enjoy the right to know and participate in matters closely related to their own development. The setting of this goal and strategy fully reflectsThe "New Children’s Regulations" attaches great importance to implementing the concept of governing the country according to law and safeguarding children’s right to participate in the family field, which is a major progress in our understanding and practice of the relationship between children and families.
Third, build a family education guidance service system covering urban and rural areas, and guide parents to raise children scientifically.
The "New Children’s Regulation" emphasizes the construction of a family education guidance service system covering urban and rural areas, and the family education guidance institution is the key to restrict the normal operation of the family education guidance service system. In view of this point, in the field of "children and family", the "New Children’s Regulations" put forward two goals in more space: "The family education guidance service system covering urban and rural areas has been basically completed, and the ability of guidance service has been further improved" and "Educating and guiding parents or other guardians to carry out their responsibilities of raising, educating and protecting, establishing scientific parenting concepts and mastering scientific parenting methods", which strengthened the support and guarantee for family education services. Among the strategic measures, it is emphasized that people’s governments at or above the county level should set up family education guidance service centers and stations, incorporate family education guidance services into school work plans and teachers’ professional training, and villages (communities) should support and assist family education guidance service stations (points) to develop family education guidance services, help parents or other guardians learn family education knowledge, create a good family environment conducive to children’s development, and guide families to actively implement the "double reduction" policy, so as to provide support for parents or children left behind and children in distress.
Fourth, improve the laws, regulations and policy system of family parenting education and strengthen empirical research in the family field.
Establishing and perfecting the system of laws and regulations is the key to ensure that the government supports the systematic, long-term, stable and effective measures to protect family fertility, parenting and education of children. The "New Children’s Regulation" puts forward the goal of "improving the local laws and policies on family fertility, parenting and education", and strengthens the support and guarantee for family education guidance services in strategic measures, and proposes to implement family education work planning, promote the establishment of a linkage mechanism for family, school and society to carry out family education guidance services, guide family education service institutions to strengthen industry self-discipline, support high-quality institutions and industry associations to carry out infant parenting services and infant health management, and promote early child development and pediatric medical care. Encourage and support social work organizations, volunteer organizations and individuals to carry out family education guidance service activities according to laws and regulations, and carry out family support promotion projects in scientific parenting communities for 0-6 years old. In view of the fact that the research on family field in Kunming can’t meet the needs of development, this paper puts forward the goal of "strengthening the theoretical and empirical research level in family field, increasing the construction of research team, and promoting the transformation and application of research results", emphasizing the persistence of problem orientation, focusing on family construction, family education, family style cultivation and other research, establishing a research base in family field, cultivating and strengthening the research team in family field, and promoting the transformation of research results in time to provide theoretical support for related work in family field. The support of the "New Children’s Regulations" for children’s families on fertility, parenting and education is multidimensional and unprecedented.
"Children and Environment" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Promote the construction of a child-friendly environment and build children.Sister cities and communities
Kunming Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Kunming Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security,
Kunming Health and Wellness Committee, Kunming Education and Sports Bureau, Kunming Civil Affairs Bureau
Environment plays an irreplaceable role and special function in children’s growth, and a good environment is an important basic condition for children’s full development. "Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as "New Children’s Plan") takes "children and environment" as one of the seven areas of children’s development, and plans a blueprint for Kunming’s children’s development environment in the next decade with 10 specific goals and 12 strategic measures, with the following highlights:
First, strive to build a child-friendly city and a child-friendly community.
Child-friendliness refers to providing appropriate policies, space, environment and services for children’s all-round development in order to guarantee and realize their rights of survival, development, protection and participation. The child-friendly environment includes two levels, namely, the city and the community, and there are five specific aspects:
First, social policies are friendly. That is, when formulating social policies, we should adhere to the principle of giving priority to children, fully consider children’s needs and characteristics, and establish and improve the institutional system to promote children’s priority development; Second, public service is friendly. The public service here not only refers to the public service provided by the government, but also encourages state organs, enterprises and institutions, military units, scientific research institutions and scientific and technological social organizations to develop their own educational resources and provide public services for children; Third, the protection of rights is friendly. It is necessary to establish a sound legal policy system to fully protect the rights of all children, especially children in distress, and constantly expand the strength, breadth and depth of children’s welfare policies. In the process of satisfying children’s rights, we should respect children’s characteristics and protect their dignity and privacy. Fourth, the growth space is friendly. The construction of public space should give full consideration to children’s characteristics, public facilities and signs are easy for children to use and understand, public roads are conducive to children’s safe travel, and public cultural spaces such as libraries, art galleries, museums and concert halls should be convenient for children to use or have children’s independent spaces; The fifth is to develop environmental friendliness. Including continuing to promote the construction of family education style, encouraging schools, families and society to serve children cooperatively, creating a friendly educational environment, severely cracking down on violations against children, creating a child-friendly judicial environment, deepening the construction of children’s participation mechanism, strengthening children’s network literacy education, etc., and creating a friendly family environment, school environment, community environment, judicial environment, social environment and network environment.
Second, further clarify the realization path of children’s right to participate.
Children are independent subjects and have the right to express their attitudes, participate in decision-making and act on all matters related to them; Children are also experts in their own affairs, and their voices on all matters related to them should be heard by the adult world and adopted to varying degrees. The right to participate is one of the four rights of children, and children’s participation includes four levels: family, school, community and society. The "New Children’s Regulation" defines the goal of children’s participation in the field of "children and environment", and demands that "children’s right to participate in family, school and social affairs is fully guaranteed". In order to ensure the realization of the goal, four strategic measures are put forward: first, widely publicize children’s right to participate, so that children’s awareness of participation is popularized and accepted by the public; Second, it is clear that channels for children’s participation should be established, especially in the process of formulating laws and policies, building places, public services and other matters related to children. Third, it is clear that the Young Pioneers, the Communist Youth League, the Women’s Federation and other group organizations closely related to children should take the lead in doing a good job in children’s participation; The fourth is to put forward special requirements for the channels of school, community and family participation.
Third, pay attention to cultivating children’s awareness of ecological environmental protection
The eighth goal in the field of "Children and Environment" of the New Children’s Regulations clearly states that it is necessary to "improve children’s awareness of ecological environmental protection, advocate green consumption and low-carbon life, and be a practitioner of ecological civilization construction". In order to achieve this goal, three strategic measures are put forward: first, the education of ecological civilization should be incorporated into the national education system, into classroom teaching, campus activities, social practice and other links; The second is to guide children to participate in the practice of ecological civilization construction, and cultivate children’s social responsibility to participate in ecological civilization construction through voluntary service forms such as "environmental protection guards"; Thirdly, children’s awareness of ecological civilization should be constantly raised in daily life, and their good living habits of healthy civilization, green and low carbon, and garbage sorting should be cultivated.
Fourth, pay attention to children’s reality and the environmental vulnerability of the network
Because of its particularity, children show multiple vulnerabilities in the face of major emergencies: first, at the individual level, they are particularly vulnerable to physical injury because their bodies are not yet mature and lack the ability to resist emergencies. Second, at the family level, because children are heavily dependent on adults, the physical factors, psychological factors and the degree of attention paid to children by caregivers of children all affect the family’s support for children in emergencies, and the ability of adults to deal with emergencies also affects the degree of children’s injury. Third, at the social level, children’s contact with the community and society depends heavily on adults, including adults in the family and adults in the community. They are the intermediary of children’s social contact. Without this intermediary, it is difficult for children to link to social resources when they suffer from emergencies. In addition, children also show certain vulnerability in the network environment: First, children can’t accurately identify the bad information on the network, and may be influenced by the bad information on the network to commit unethical or even illegal acts. Second, children can’t understand the difference between the virtual world in the network and the real world, so it is easy to bring the value judgment formed in reality into the network and bring the value orientation in the network back to the real world more easily.
The "New Children’s Regulations" put forward three strategic measures when responding to children in emergencies. First, we should recognize children’s vulnerability, and provide children with priority services such as risk warning, emergency shelter prompt, emergency rescue, transfer and resettlement, material distribution, and post-disaster psychological intervention and judicial assistance in emergency handling of natural disasters, accidents, public health incidents, social security incidents, etc. Second, communities, schools and various educational institutions are required to extensively carry out various forms of safety education and emergency drills to improve children’s ability to identify and respond to disaster risks; The third is to make a good reserve of disaster prevention materials for children from the perspective of meeting children’s needs.
In response to the construction of children’s network environment, the "New Children’s Regulations" put forward three requirements: First, strengthen law enforcement in Internet business places and entertainment places, and investigate and deal with illegal acts such as accepting minors in violation of regulations, providing tracks and game entertainment equipment containing prohibited content; The second is to standardize and restrict the arrangement of children to participate in commercial performances. To supervise short videos with children as the shooting object, and it is strictly forbidden to disclose children’s privacy and use children for profit; The third is to improve the media literacy of children and their guardians, enrich children’s digital life experience and improve the quality of digital life. Improve children’s ability to learn and communicate, develop good habits of using the internet, and guide children to resist uncivilized behavior on the internet.
"Children and Legal Protection" Interpreted by the New "Two Regulations" Series in Kunming
Optimizing the legal environment for children and protecting children by lawlegitimate rights
Kunming Municipal Bureau of Justice, Kunming Municipal Bureau of Education and Sports, Kunming Municipal People’s Procuratorate
The construction of a society ruled by law requires the efforts of generations of young people in China, and children, as the reserve force for training talents ruled by law, should pay attention to their legal education without delay. On the one hand, the state needs to use laws to protect children’s legitimate rights and interests, so that children can enjoy the fruits of the construction of the rule of law and enhance their sense of identity with the rule of law. On the other hand, it needs to continuously promote the publicity and education of the rule of law for children, so as to make them understand the current basic legal knowledge in China. "Kunming Children’s Development Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as "New Children’s Regulations") combines the actual needs of children’s legal protection and children’s legal publicity in Kunming, and determines 10 main objectives and 14 safeguard measures in the field of "children and legal protection", which is of great significance to improving the effectiveness of children’s legal protection system, accurately safeguarding children’s legitimate rights and interests, and mobilizing the whole society to pay attention to and participate in children’s legal protection.
First, scientific legislation, improve the system of laws and policies to protect children’s rights and interests.
The core of scientific legislation lies in respecting and embodying objective laws. The "New Children’s Regulations" aims at enhancing the scientificity and operability of legislation, and requires refining and summarizing the effective practical experience of protecting minors, and starting from respecting the particularity of children’s physical and mental development, perfecting the local laws and regulations system that guarantees minors’ rights to survival, development, protection and participation. We will promote the development of local legislation on family education, preschool education and child welfare, and implement legal supervision, judicial advice and the rule of law supervision system. The "New Children’s Regulations" also specify the implementation of laws and regulations such as the Law on the Protection of Minors in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Law on the Promotion of Family Education in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on Combating Domestic Violence in Yunnan Province, the Regulations on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in Yunnan Province, and the Regulations on School Safety in Kunming, and further strengthen the legal theory and practice research on the protection of minors.
Second, strictly enforce the law and strengthen the protection of children’s rights and interests in key areas.
First of all, strengthen administrative law enforcement for key issues of juvenile protection. Explore the establishment of a multi-sectoral comprehensive law enforcement system for the protection of minors, strengthen information communication and work cohesion between departments, and focus on and deal with violations of children’s legitimate rights and interests in areas such as guardianship, domestic violence, hidden dangers in campus and surrounding security, food and drug safety, product quality, tobacco and alcohol sales, cultural propaganda, and online communication. Secondly, strengthen the supervision and inspection of prohibiting the use of child labor and protecting underage workers. Prohibiting the use of child labor should be implemented in daily supervision and inspection, strengthen labor protection supervision, and strengthen special inspections and daily inspections. Improve the supervision and punishment mechanism for illegal use of child labor. Supervise and manage enterprises, individuals and online platforms to attract minors to participate in advertising shooting, commercial endorsements, performances, competitions, program production, live webcasts, etc., and severely punish violations of the legitimate rights and interests of minors according to law. The "New Children’s Regulations" protect the rights and interests of underage workers, require strict implementation of special protection regulations for underage workers, and prohibit arranging underage workers to engage in overweight, toxic and harmful labor or dangerous operations. Supervise and guide the employing units to regularly carry out health examinations for underage workers.
Third, fair justice to meet the special needs of children’s physical and mental health development
The "New Children’s Regulations" clearly explores the working mechanism and methods to meet the special needs of children’s physical and mental development in the work involving minors, such as trial, prosecution, police, legal aid and judicial assistance.
First, improve the professional system of juvenile judicial work. Strengthen the construction of specialized judicial institutions for juvenile cases in Kunming, and explore the establishment of a diversified juvenile trial work pattern in line with Kunming’s reality. The criminal, civil and administrative cases of minors shall be tried by special judicial institutions, and round-table trial, psychological comfort and other trial methods that are in line with the characteristics of minors’ physical and mental development shall be implemented. Promote the unified and centralized handling of juvenile procuratorial work. Explore the establishment of juvenile police agencies and promote the professionalization of juvenile police work. Secondly, provide legal aid and judicial assistance to minors. Explore the establishment of a legal aid department for minors or designate a person to be responsible for legal aid affairs for minors, and provide free legal advice and legal aid services for minors. Guarantee minors who meet the statutory conditions to obtain targeted legal services. Thirdly, severely punish illegal and criminal acts that infringe on children’s rights and interests. First, severely punish sexual abuse of children; The second is to severely punish the illegal and criminal acts of domestic violence against minors; The third is to severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as abducting and selling children, inducing and coercing children to be involved in drugs, gangs and evils; The fourth is to severely crack down on cyber crimes that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of minors. Finally, strengthen the special judicial protection of minors. When handling cases involving minors, we should consider that minors’ physical and mental development is at a special stage in social investigation, psychological protection, community correction and education management, and give priority protection to minors’ substantive rights and procedural rights.
Fourth, strengthen the popularization of law and enhance children’s legal literacy and protection awareness.
First, strengthen the legal education for minors. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the work of popularizing the law should be targeted and effective, especially to strengthen the rule of law education for young people. The "New Children’s Regulation" emphasizes the exertion of multi-subjects’ joint efforts, clearly improves the working mechanism of minors’ legal education with the participation of schools, families and society, promotes the construction of the practice base of juvenile legal education and the classroom of legal resources, and carries out in-depth legal education and legal practice activities through judicial personnel as vice presidents of the rule of law, the rule of law entering the campus, case interpretation, mock trial and the juvenile police force, so as to train them to be children of the new era who know, understand, abide by, love and protect the law. Improve the awareness of the rule of law of parents, teachers and the public, and promote the formation of a good social atmosphere for protecting minors according to law. Secondly, strengthen crime prevention education for minors. The state, society, schools and families should carry out crime prevention education for minors, so that minors can establish a sense of preventing illegal crimes and improve their self-control ability. Strengthen the direct education responsibility and school education responsibility of parents or other guardians of minors, integrate the cultivation of civic literacy into the current education, prevent minors from leaving home and school, ensure timely detection of bad behavior and take effective preventive measures. Promote the establishment of a legal education center for minors, and broaden the channels of special education by setting up special classes in vocational colleges.
Related documents and interpretation:
1.Notice of Kunming Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Development Plan for Women and Children in Kunming
2.The new "two regulations" issued by Kunming involve the ten-year development plan for women and children.
