How should the economic situation be viewed?

　　Juli

　　Scientific understanding of the economic situation is the basic prerequisite for doing a good job in economic work. The current economic situation is complicated. What should we think? Widely concerned at home and abroad. In order to penetrate the layers of fog, grasp the development law, see the development trend clearly and draw a correct conclusion, we must have scientific theoretical guidance. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that learning and understanding the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy will help us master scientific economic analysis methods. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has persisted in applying the basic theory and methodology of Marxist political economy, scientifically analyzed the economic situation from the combination of history and reality, theory and practice, and domestic and international, grasped the general trend of development, and made a systematic exposition on the important issue of "how to look at the economic situation" in the new era, which provided a scientific basis for "how to do economic work" in the new era, further deepened our party’s understanding of the laws of China’s economic development, and was an important part of the Supreme Leader’s economic thought. We should thoroughly study and understand the spirit of these important expositions, especially the positions, viewpoints and methods that run through them, further unify our thinking, strengthen our confidence, work hard, consolidate and enhance the economic recovery, and strive to turn the grand blueprint of Chinese modernization into a beautiful reality step by step.

　　First, judge the orientation and changes of China’s economy from the historical, realistic and future trends, and deeply understand the new features and requirements brought about by the development and changes of the main contradictions in our society.

　　A correct understanding of the historical position and development stage of the cause of the party and the people is the fundamental basis for our party to clarify the central task of the stage and formulate the line, principles and policies. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has profoundly analyzed the new historical conditions for China’s development, made a major judgment that the main contradictions in our society have changed, emphasized that Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and China’s economic development has also entered a new era. Its basic feature is that it has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, which has clearly defined the historical position and stage characteristics of China’s economic development, and provided a fundamental basis for us to correctly analyze the economic situation and formulate economic policies.

　　In the new stage, the main feature of the change of economic situation is that the economy has changed from high-speed growth to medium-high-speed growth. Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has maintained a double-digit or nearly double-digit high-speed growth for a long time, creating a miracle of sustained and rapid growth, from 1979— In 2012, the average annual economic growth rate of China reached 9.9%. After entering a new stage, the growth rate dropped significantly, from 2013— In 2022, the average annual growth rate of China’s economy is 6.2%, and the average annual growth rate of anti-epidemic three years is 4.5%. What caused the obvious change of economic growth rate? There are various reasons, and it is certain that this change is trend rather than periodicity. This trend change reflects the changes of the main social contradictions, the development stages, development environment and development conditions, and the great logic of China’s economic development. On the one hand, after more than 30 years of high-speed growth, China’s economy is facing a series of new problems, such as rising labor costs, reaching a bottleneck in the carrying capacity of resources and environment, prominent problems of poor economic cycle, and slowing down the growth of international market demand, which requires us to change the extensive development mode and maintain a reasonable economic growth rate in order to achieve sustainable economic development. If the stimulus policy is only implemented for short-term economic growth, it will inevitably overdraw future growth. On the other hand, economic development is a spiral process, and when the quantity accumulates to a certain stage, it must turn to qualitative improvement. With the changes of major social contradictions in our country, the contradictions and problems in development are mainly reflected in the quality of development.This requires us to pay more attention to the quality and efficiency of development, speed up the transformation of development mode, adjust the economic structure, strive to improve the quality and efficiency of development, better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, and promote China’s transformation from an economic power to an economic power.

　The scenery project of 1 million kilowatts of scenery hydrogen storage in Fengning, Chengde, Hebei Province is a large-scale clean energy base planned by the state in the 14 th Five-Year Plan — — The landmark project of clean energy base in northern Hebei. After the completion of the project, it is estimated that 1.8 billion kWh of green electricity can be produced each year, and carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by about 1.4 million tons. The picture shows that on January 12, 2024, the workers of this project are installing fan hub accessories. Xinhua News Agency issued Wang Liqun/photo

　　It can be seen that the change of economic growth rate is an inevitable reflection of the stage characteristics of China’s economic development, and it should be understood objectively and rationally, and based on this, policies should be formulated correctly. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "If the speed of economic development is not higher, the situation will be ‘ Very good ’ It’s not that if the economic development slows down a little, the situation will be ‘ Very bad ’ " ; "We should adhere to the correct view of political achievements, not simply talk about heroes by the growth rate of GDP, and not be influenced by the fluctuation of short-term economic indicators"; "Based on improving quality and efficiency, we will promote sustained and healthy economic development, pursue a real and moisture-free GDP, and pursue effective, quality and sustainable economic development". Lenin once pointed out that when analyzing the situation, Marxists should not proceed from the possibility, but from reality. In analyzing the economic situation, we should also proceed from reality, not from subjective wishes.

　　The key to correctly understand the stage characteristics of economic development and the changes of its situation is to grasp the main contradictions. At different stages of economic development, the main contradictions of economic development are also different. The principal contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. In line with this, the principal contradiction in China’s economic development at this stage has been transformed into a structural problem, and there are aggregate, cyclical and institutional factors, which are intertwined and quite complicated. To correctly analyze the economic situation, we must firmly grasp the basic characteristics of the changes in major social contradictions and the fact that China’s economic development has entered a stage of high-quality development, focus on solving the problems of insufficient development imbalance, quality and efficiency of development, and make a correct judgment. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "high-quality development is the development that can well meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, is the development that embodies the new development concept, is the development that innovation becomes the first driving force, coordination becomes the endogenous feature, green becomes the universal form, opening up becomes the only way, and sharing becomes the fundamental purpose", "that is, from ‘ Is there ’ Turn ‘ Ok ’ " . That is to say, in the new stage, judging whether the economy is good or not depends not only on the total volume and speed, but also on whether the development momentum is strong and the economic structure is reasonable.See whether the driving force for innovation is stronger, whether the development is more coordinated, whether the green background is thicker, whether the level of openness is higher, and whether the people are happier and healthier. In the final analysis, we must adhere to high-quality development as the last word in the new era, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, and promote the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of quantity in the economy. It should be noted that behind the change of economic growth rate, after the great changes since the new era, the quality of China’s economic development has been greatly improved, and it has embarked on a road of higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development. The long-term trend of high-quality development is irreversible, which is a basic point that must be firmly grasped in correctly analyzing the current economic situation.

　　2. Insist on analyzing the economic situation from a comprehensive, dialectical and long-term perspective. The fundamentals of China’s long-term economic improvement have not changed and will not change.

　　It is advisable to be open-minded when the scenery is long. To scientifically analyze and judge the economic situation, in the final analysis, we should stick to the basic stand, viewpoint and method of Marxism, look at the essence through the phenomenon, look at the long term through the short term, grasp the economic law, and see clearly the inevitable trend of economic development determined by the objective economic law; It is to insist on accurately grasping the general trend of development with a comprehensive, dialectical and long-term vision, not confined to temporary fluctuations, nor to temporary gains and losses, and always maintain a firm strategic strength.

　　So, what conclusions can we draw from a comprehensive, dialectical and long-term view of China’s economy? This is what General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly emphasized. The basic characteristics of China’s economic potential, strong resilience, large room for maneuver and many policy tools have not changed, and the long-term positive fundamentals have not changed and will not change. Facts are the best proof. Entering a new era, based on the miracle of rapid economic development created since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China’s GDP has jumped from 54 trillion yuan in 2012 to 120.5 trillion yuan in 2022, more than doubling; The per capita GDP rose from $6,300 to $12,700, ranking firmly among the middle-income countries. In terms of growth rate, whether it is 2013— The average annual growth rate of more than 6% in 2022, or the average annual growth rate of 4.5% in the three years of anti-epidemic, is much higher than the world average in the same period, ranking among the major economies in the world. The year 2023 is a year of economic recovery and development after the transition of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 for three years. In the case of the continuous downturn of the world economy, China’s economy has generally rebounded, with the annual GDP exceeding 126 trillion yuan and the economic growth of 5.2%, which contributed one third of the global growth and remained the biggest engine of world economic growth. In short, the horizontal ratio, China’s economic growth rate in the world’s major economies to maintain a leading; Vertically, at present, the main indicators of China’s economic and social development have improved significantly, and the economy has continued to grow steadily and reached a new level. China’s economy has strengthened its physique and bones in the storm.This is an important manifestation of China’s economy entering a high-quality development stage.

　　Furthermore, the "good" economy of China is not only manifested in quantity, but also in quality. For example, in the economic structure, the proportion of added value of high-tech manufacturing industry in the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size has been increasing, from 9.4% in 2012 to 15.5% in 2022. In terms of innovation capability, the report "Global Innovation Index 2023" shows that China ranks 12th, is the only middle-income economy among the top 30, and has entered the ranks of innovative countries. In terms of coordinated development, the proportion of GDP in the central and western regions in the whole country increased from 21.3% and 19.6% in 2012 to 22.1% and 21.4% in 2022, and the income gap between urban and rural residents continued to narrow. In terms of green development, China has supported more than 6% economic growth with an average annual energy consumption growth rate of 3% in the past 10 years, which is one of the countries with the fastest reduction in energy consumption intensity in the world. In terms of opening up and development, China has become the main trading partner of more than 140 countries and regions, with the total import and export volume ranking first in the world for many years in a row, attracting foreign investment and foreign investment ranking first in the world. In terms of shared development, 2012— In 2023, the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents will increase from 16,500 yuan to 39,200 yuan, which is basically in step with economic growth. It can be said that the characteristics of China’s high-quality development stage are becoming more and more obvious, the driving force of high-quality development is becoming stronger and the pace of high-quality development is becoming more and more stable. In the face of the historic achievements of China’s economic development, the so-called "China’s theory of economic peaking and China’s theory of economic collapse have no factual basis and can only be broken.

　China insists on giving priority to restoring and expanding consumption, and has successively issued a series of policies to promote consumption. The consumer market has recovered and the basic role of consumption has become more significant. The picture shows that on February 11, 2024, tourists enjoyed the night view in Gongshui River, Xuanen County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. Xinhua News Agency issued Song Wen/photo

　　Why is the basic trend of China’s long-term economic improvement unchanged? This is because China’s economic development has many favorable conditions and strong advantages, and has a solid foundation to support the long-term improvement of the economy. These strong advantages and solid foundations fundamentally reflect the objective laws of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development. In this regard, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a systematic exposition from many aspects. In an interview in June 2019, the General Secretary profoundly pointed out that China’s stable, healthy and sustainable economic development has sufficient supporting conditions from four aspects: resource potential, endogenous power, development vitality and regulatory capacity. During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2022, the General Secretary emphasized that China’s development still has many strategic advantages: strong leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), obvious advantages of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, solid foundation for sustained and rapid development, long-term stable social environment and spiritual strength of self-confidence. In a written speech at the APEC CEO Summit in November, 2023, General Secretary pointed out that China has the institutional advantages of a socialist market economy, the demand advantages of a super-large-scale market, the supply advantages of a complete industrial system, and the talent advantages of a large number of high-quality workers and entrepreneurs, and its economic development has strong endogenous motivation, resilience and potential. It is China’s unique comprehensive advantages, such as political advantages, institutional advantages, popular support advantages, basic advantages, development advantages, demand advantages, supply advantages, talent advantages and opportunity advantages, that complement each other, superimpose and amplify, and promote China’s economic development and create great achievements that attract worldwide attention.We often say that the road is tortuous and the future is bright. The road is tortuous because there are all kinds of complicated and changeable situations; The future is bright because there is an unchanging general trend and logic behind the complicated and changeable situation. Standing at a new starting point, these favorable conditions and advantages will surely promote China’s economy to innovate miracles on the road of high-quality development with strong development potential and potential energy, which is the confidence and confidence of China’s long-term economic improvement.

　　Three, based on the domestic, look at the world, and deeply understand the impact of the complicated international situation on China.

　　Today’s China is a China closely connected with the world. Under the background of deepening economic globalization, expanding China’s opening to the outside world and intensifying international competition, to correctly understand China’s economic situation, we must establish an international perspective, make overall plans for both domestic and international situations, put economic development under the global political and economic background, deeply analyze changes in external environment, and grasp the general trend of development in the interaction between China and the world.

　In 2023, the total export of "three new products" represented by electric manned vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar cells in China exceeded the trillion-dollar mark for the first time, showing the new advantages made in China. The picture shows that on January 14th, 2024, the BYD Ro/Ro Ship "BYD EXPLORER NO.1" arrived at Xiaomo International Logistics Port in Shenzhen Port. Xinhua news agency

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "At present, the great changes in the world that have never happened in a hundred years are accelerating, and the world has entered a new period of turbulent change." "The external environment for China’s development has changed dramatically, and uncertainties and unpredictable factors have increased significantly." The profound changes in the external environment have a profound impact on China’s economic development: First, the development gap is widening, multiple crises of food, energy and debt are simultaneously emerging, the recovery of the world economy is difficult, and the momentum of economic growth is insufficient. Second, economic globalization has encountered counter-current, cold war mentality, hegemonism, unilateralism and protectionism have risen, and the stability of the world industrial chain supply chain has been affected. Third, geopolitical turmoil, frequent local conflicts, regional security hot issues one after another, global problems intensified, and the international economic, scientific, technological, cultural, security, political and other patterns are undergoing profound adjustments. This means that China will face more external environment against the wind and water, and seek development in a more unstable and uncertain world, which is an important factor that we must consider when judging the economic situation. For example, weak global economic growth and shrinking external demand have impacted China’s export trade; For example, individual countries generalize national security, politicize and weaponize economic, trade, scientific and technological exchanges, build "small courtyards and high walls", and encourage "decoupling and breaking chains", which affects China’s participation in the global division of labor and expansion of the global market; For example, the global industrial chain supply chain has a trend of localization and regionalization.It may weaken China’s position in the global industrial chain supply chain. In the face of these new challenges, we must strengthen our sense of hardship, adhere to the bottom line thinking and extreme thinking, and ensure that we can withstand the major tests of high winds, high waves and even stormy waves.

　　A correct understanding of the current economic situation requires a spirit of self-confidence and self-reliance. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that China’s economy is a sea, not a small pond; Storms can overturn small ponds, but not the sea. The increasingly severe and complicated external environment and obviously increased risk challenges have not changed the strong resilience and development momentum of China’s economy, nor reduced its position and contribution in the world economy; On the contrary, in the rapidly changing world and the deep interaction between domestic and international situations, China’s economic competitiveness is further enhanced and its advantages are further highlighted. The proportion of China’s total economic output in the world economy rose from 11.3% in 2012 to over 18% in 2022, and its annual contribution rate to world economic growth exceeded 30%. China’s important position in the global industrial chain supply chain has been continuously enhanced, from 2012— In 2023, the added value of manufacturing industry increased from 22.5% to nearly 30% in the world, and the scale of manufacturing industry and the output of many industrial products ranked first in the world. China is the main source of investment for more and more countries, and has gradually grown into an important participant from a passive receiver and an active follower of international economic and trade rules; As the world’s largest exporter, it has provided a large number of inexpensive goods for all countries in the world. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "it depends on what China has achieved, but also on what China has contributed to the world". Facts have proved and will continue to prove that no matter in the past, present or future,China has always been an important promoter of global openness, a stable source of power for world economic growth, a vibrant market for countries to expand business opportunities and an active contributor to global governance reform.

　　Four, adhere to the "two-point theory", not only see the difficulties and challenges, but also see the advantages and opportunities, and strive to cultivate new opportunities in the crisis and open up new opportunities in the changing situation.

　　To scientifically analyze the economic situation, we must have a dialectical view and look at the problem in two ways, not only to see the unfavorable side, but also to see the difficulties and challenges; We should also see the advantages, advantages and opportunities in the domestic and international situation.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the economic situation at home and abroad has been extremely complicated. Many situations have not been encountered since the reform and opening up, and many difficulties and challenges have not been encountered before. Focusing on the changed development environment and conditions, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core faced the difficulties and challenges faced by China’s economic development and made a series of important judgments: it pointed out that the contradiction between overcapacity and upgrading of demand structure in China was prominent, the endogenous motivation of economic growth was insufficient, and the problems of imbalance, uncoordinated and unsustainable remained outstanding; It is pointed out that China’s structural, institutional and cyclical problems are intertwined, the influence of "three-phase superposition" continues to deepen, and the sources and risk points of global turmoil have increased significantly; It is pointed out that China’s economic development is facing triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening, and the external environment is becoming more complicated, severe and uncertain. The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2023 emphasized that it is necessary to overcome some difficulties and challenges to further promote the economic recovery, mainly due to insufficient effective demand, overcapacity in some industries, weak social expectations, and still many potential risks. The domestic big cycle is blocked, and the complexity, severity and uncertainty of the external environment are rising. What should we think about these emerging problems and difficulties? The general secretary of the supreme leader’s answer is firm and powerful. "We can neither hide the difficulties and challenges, resistance and variables, nor turn a blind eye, nor panic and lose our footing." "The more difficult it is, the more we must strengthen our confidence.The more calm and brave you are, "the key to preventing and resolving all kinds of hidden dangers and actively responding to the impact challenges brought about by changes in the external environment is to do your own thing well." These important expositions of the General Secretary clearly express the heroic spirit of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people who dare to struggle and win, and the more difficult and dangerous they are, the more forward they will be.

　　Adhering to the bottom line thinking is not passive inaction, but on the basis of respecting objective laws, giving full play to subjective initiative, making the worst plans and striving for the best results. This requires us to overcome difficulties, make use of the situation, accurately grasp the opportunities and challenges faced by China’s development, and win the strategic initiative. "Misfortune depends on happiness, and happiness depends on misfortune." Opportunities and challenges coexist, and overcoming the crisis is the opportunity, which is an eternal dialectical principle. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that crises coexist, crises are organic, crises can turn around, opportunities are more strategic and plastic, challenges are more complex and overall, challenges are unprecedented, and opportunities are unprecedented if we deal with them well. It should be noted that despite the profound and complex changes at home and abroad, China’s development still faces new strategic opportunities, such as those brought about by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the in-depth development of industrial transformation, those brought about by accelerating the optimization and upgrading of economic structure, those brought about by enhancing the ability of scientific and technological innovation, those brought about by deepening reform and opening up, those brought about by accelerating green development, those brought about by promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, those brought about by the optimization and upgrading of residents’ consumption, and those brought about by participating in the reform of the global economic governance system. We should not only enhance our awareness of risks, but also enhance our awareness of opportunities, adhere to problem orientation, maintain strategic strength, accurately recognize changes, respond scientifically, take the initiative to seek changes, turn pressure into motivation, and turn challenges into opportunities.Firmly grasp the initiative of development strategy, strive to cultivate new machines in the crisis and open up new opportunities in the changing situation.

　　5. Enhance confidence and confidence, do a solid job in economic work, and push China’s economic ship forward through the waves.

　　Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "everything in the world is done, and there is no Marxism at all". The scientific answer to the question "What do you think of the economic situation?" aims at solving the problem of "How to do economic work?" On the basis of scientific analysis and judgment of the economic situation, we can make scientific economic decisions and implement effective policy measures to promote sustained and healthy economic development. In the new journey, to fully stimulate the accumulated potential of China’s economic development, turn the advantages of agglomeration into the victory of development, and then continue the new glory of China’s economy, it is basically necessary to carry forward the historical initiative, work hard and move forward bravely. We should closely focus on the biggest politics of promoting Chinese modernization, focus on the central task of economic construction and the primary task of high-quality development, strengthen our confidence, forge ahead, and do a good job in economic work with a spirit of hard work and a sense of responsibility of "always worrying".

　　With the guidance of Marxist scientific theory, it is fundamental for us to grasp the historical initiative. The supreme leader’s economic thought insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, scientifically answering the major theoretical and practical questions about how to look at the economic situation and how to do economic work, which embodies our party’s profound insight into the law of economic development, especially the law of socialist economic construction, and is a powerful ideological weapon to guide China’s high-quality economic development, scientifically respond to major risks and challenges, and comprehensively build a socialist modern country. Since the new era, China’s economic development has achieved historic achievements and undergone historic changes. The most fundamental reason lies in the leadership of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, especially the Supreme Leader’s economic thought, which fully proves that "two establishment" is the greatest certainty, the greatest confidence and the greatest guarantee for us to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and deal with all uncertainties. We should profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments", deeply grasp the regularity of doing a good job in economic work in the new era, persistently arm our minds, guide practice and promote work with the Party’s scientific theory, and constantly open up a new situation in economic work in the new era.

　　The party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work is the fundamental guarantee for the sustained and healthy development of the socialist economy. Whether we can control the world’s second largest economy and maintain sustained and healthy economic and social development fundamentally depends on whether the party plays a leading role in economic and social development. We must uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party, constantly improve the system and mechanism of the Party’s leadership in economic work, and improve the Party’s ability and level of leadership in economic work. It is necessary to profoundly understand the scientific judgment of the CPC Central Committee on the economic situation, thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on economic work, faithfully implement them, resolutely implement them, seek truth and be pragmatic, dare to do good deeds, ensure that all major decision-making arrangements are implemented and effective, and strive to achieve various goals and tasks of economic and social development.

　　He who observes the situation is wise, and he who controls the situation wins. Facing the grim and complicated situation, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country will work with one heart and one mind, which will surely push China’s economic ship forward and create a new miracle of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization.

　　Today, the Ministry of Education released the curriculum plan for ordinary senior high schools and 14 curriculum standards (2017 edition). The new curriculum plan and curriculum standards further strengthen the educational function of the discipline, reflect the distinct educational orientation, and obviously enhance the ideological, scientific, contemporary and holistic nature. What are the new highlights of the new curriculum plan and curriculum standards? How to strengthen the connection between the new curriculum plan and curriculum standard and the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination?

　　Multi-disciplinary increase excellent traditional culture and revolutionary traditional education content.

　　Strengthening the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture is a major focus of the revision of the curriculum plan and curriculum standards. Among them, the Chinese curriculum standard is the most prominent, and the content of Chinese excellent traditional culture runs through compulsory, selective compulsory and elective parts, with more comprehensive content, more weight and higher requirements.

　　For example, in the part of "Suggestions for reading in and out of class", in addition to retaining the original Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi, cultural classics such as Laozi and Historical Records have been added, requiring students to read all kinds of ancient poems extensively, covering all periods from pre-Qin to late Qing Dynasty. It is clearly stipulated that "China’s excellent ancient works should account for 1/2 of the reading items in class".

　　At the same time, the new Chinese curriculum standard also sets up a special topic for studying Chinese excellent traditional culture, and conducts in-depth study and discussion on classic works of Chinese traditional culture. The original standard "suggestions for reading articles" was changed to "recommended articles for reciting ancient poems", and the number of recommended articles increased from 14 (the first) to 72 (the first), which improved the learning requirements.

　　In addition, the curriculum standards of fine arts, music, physical education and health, mathematics, etc. have increased the content of traditional culture education. For example, "China Painting and Calligraphy" is added to the fine arts curriculum standard, which involves the appreciation of China’s traditional paintings, calligraphy, seal cutting and other classic works and traditional painting theory, so as to promote students to stick to China’s cultural stance and enhance their cultural self-confidence.

　　Strengthening revolutionary traditional education is another major focus of this curriculum revision. The new curriculum standard of Chinese combines comprehensive strengthening with special study in revolutionary traditional education. While the content requirements of revolutionary traditional education run through compulsory, selective compulsory and elective parts, it also sets up a special topic of "revolutionary traditional works" to concentrate on study and discussion.

　　The new curriculum standard of Chinese combines extensive reading with intensive reading, requiring students to widely read the famous poems of revolutionary ancestors, excellent papers and essays explaining revolutionary spirit, news, newsletters, speeches and comments on revolutionary traditions in and out of class. The recommended reading items in and out of class involve Mao Zedong’s poems, and a group of writers such as Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Ai Qing, Cang Kejia, He Jingzhi, Guo Xiaochuan and Zhou Libo reflect revolutionary traditions.

　　In addition, the history curriculum standard clearly requires students to systematically study the course of new-democratic revolution, socialist revolution, construction and reform and opening up, and "know and carry forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core". The theme activity of "Veteran’s Story" was added to let students feel the thoughts and actions of ordinary people in the historical background and appreciate the lofty spiritual realm of revolutionary soldiers.

　　Provide selective courses for students with different development directions.

　　Around 2012, there was a discussion about the functional orientation of ordinary senior high schools in China. At that time, there was a view that senior high schools were preparatory education for university entrance. Wang Zhan, chairman of the Expert Working Committee on Basic Education Curriculum and Textbooks of the Ministry of Education, still remembers the discussion vividly.

　　Wang Zhan said: "In view of the long-standing tendency of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, the newly revised curriculum program emphasizes that ordinary high school education is not only to prepare for college, but also to prepare students for social life and career development, and to lay the foundation for students’ lifelong development."

　　"The curriculum plan can’t follow the exam, but follow the education." Wang Zhan said. The new curriculum scheme further optimizes the curriculum structure. Considering the diverse learning needs of senior high school students and the requirements of entrance examination, under the premise of ensuring the common foundation, the course selectivity is appropriately increased to provide selective courses for students with different development directions.

　　Such changes include: first, retaining the original study subjects and adding German, French and Spanish on the basis of English, Japanese and Russian; The second is to adjust the course categories to compulsory courses, selective compulsory courses and elective courses.

　　"Compulsory courses are fully tested, and selective compulsory courses are optional. Elective courses, students can choose to study independently, and they can study without taking the exam or preparing for the exam, which provides reference for students’ employment and independent enrollment in colleges and universities. " Wang Zhan said.

　　The reporter learned that the relationship between the new curriculum and university majors, real life and vocational education has increased significantly. For example, five types of elective courses have been designed to meet the needs of students in science, engineering, economics, humanities and art; The course content of general technology "technology and occupation" has also broken the barrier between general education and vocational education.

　　"In the past, it was guided by knowledge point learning, and now it is to condense the core literacy of the discipline." Wang Zhan said. In addition, the new curriculum plan and curriculum standards condensed the core literacy of the discipline for the first time, and around the implementation of the core literacy of the discipline, selected and reorganized the teaching content, designed the teaching activities, and put forward suggestions for examination and evaluation.

　　For example, Wang Zhan said: "For example, the core literacy of history discipline is’ historical materialism, time and space concept, historical evidence, historical interpretation, and feelings for home and country’, which emphasizes that through learning, students can form correct historical values and establish a high sense of identity, belonging, responsibility, mission and pursuit of national prosperity and people’s happiness."

　　Seamless connection with the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination

　　At present, the country is vigorously promoting the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination. How do the new curriculum plans and standards strengthen the connection with the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination? Zheng Fuzhi, Assistant Minister of Education and Director of Teaching Materials Bureau, said that for talent training, curriculum plan and curriculum standards are the basic basis, and examination enrollment is an important orientation. It is necessary to organically combine the curriculum reform with the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, make overall plans and make effective linkages to form a joint force.

　　The new senior high school curriculum plan and curriculum standards are organically combined with the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination in terms of the relationship between teaching and examination, examination propositions and curriculum implementation. It is understood that this revision work is jointly revised by curriculum experts and examination evaluation experts to ensure the connection between the two.

　　Zheng Fuzhi said that in order to coordinate the curriculum reform of senior high school with the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, on the one hand, we should give full play to the leading role of curriculum in talent training and selection, especially strengthen the correlation between examination content and senior high school curriculum to ensure the consistency of teaching, examination and evaluation; On the other hand, we should give full play to the correct guiding role of college entrance examination reform in senior high school curriculum reform, such as promoting the use of comprehensive quality evaluation in college enrollment and urging senior high school education to pay more attention to the cultivation of students’ comprehensive quality.

　　As a highlight of the revision of the curriculum plan and curriculum standards, the "academic quality" section has been added to each subject, which clarifies the grade level of the core literacy of the subject after students complete the learning content of the subject and puts forward the academic quality standard. Wang Zhan said: "The academic quality standard divides the academic quality into different levels, which helps teachers to better grasp the teaching requirements, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and pay more attention to the effective implementation of educational goals. At the same time, the proposal of academic quality requirements also provides an important basis for phased evaluation, academic proficiency test and entrance examination proposition, promotes the organic connection of teaching, learning and examination, and forms a joint force for educating people. "

　　At the same time, the subject content of each subject’s curriculum standard is composed of "content requirements", "teaching tips" and "academic requirements", and the evaluation objectives are refined according to the requirements of academic quality. Most subjects also increase teaching and evaluation cases, strengthen the specific guidance on textbook compilation, teaching implementation and examination evaluation, help teachers accurately understand and grasp the essence of curriculum standards, and enhance guidance and operability. (Reporter Liu Bozhi)

The history of the Chinese nation’s reproduction for thousands of years is also the history of fighting diseases. China has accumulated many experiences and lessons in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases that are particularly harmful, which are worth reviewing, thinking and learning from.

First, the plague in history

There are countless plagues recorded in the history of our country. There were 826 records in the Chronology of Ancient Epidemic in China before 1840, many of which had an important impact on China’s political, economic and social development.

In Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao’s army was defeated by Sun Liu’s allied army, which was actually an important influence factor not written in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms-plague. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" says: "Going to Chibi from Cao Cao is not good for preparing for war. So there was a great epidemic, and many officials died, so they led the army back. "

In the 13th year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, Mina Lee "attacked Nanzhao with 70,000 soldiers", Nanzhao fortified the field, and the Tang army ran out of food. "The foot soldiers suffered from plague and starved to death in seven or eight years", and finally suffered a crushing defeat, which not only left "the village in the south and the village in the north cried and mourned, but also left a wife and a husband. The painful memory of all the barbarians before and after the cloud, thousands of people never walked back, and became the fuse of the Anshi rebellion, which made the Tang Dynasty turn from prosperity to decline.

In the war against the Mongolian army in the late Southern Song Dynasty, Sichuan Fishing Town stood firm for 36 years, which shocked the world. At that time, there was a plague in the Mongolian army. According to the Yuan History, in 1259, when the Mongolian Khan Mengge made a personal expedition, "Fishing Mountain in Hezhou was plagued by a major epidemic in the army," which gave the soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty a breathing space and finally persisted until 1279.

At the time of the Ming Dynasty’s death and the Qing Dynasty’s prosperity, the outbreak of plague also profoundly affected the historical process. History shows that there were successive plagues in Beijing from 1641 to 1643. A Record of Chongzhen said: "There was a great plague in the capital, and there were tens of thousands of deaths." The epidemic situation was so tragic that the garrison troops in Beijing were seriously short of posts, so they collapsed when the peasant army in Li Zicheng attacked.

The above are just typical examples of some important moments in history. In fact, in the vast land of China, plagues of different epidemic scales can be said to exist for all ages, seriously endangering people’s lives and health.

Second, the exploration and understanding of epidemic prevention

Where there is a plague, there must be a struggle against it. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, we can already see the early measures taken. For example, Oracle inscriptions have "illness, death", which means not to get close to the patient, probably because you have an epidemic disease. In the Yin ruins where a large number of Oracle bones were unearthed, a perfect sewer was also excavated, indicating that the city has public health facilities, which is conducive to reducing the occurrence of epidemics.

The Rites of Zhou recorded that the royal family of Zhou held regular activities of "fighting the epidemic by asking for rooms" and the officials in charge of "changing the national fire in four seasons to save the epidemic". The word "precaution" commonly used in later generations appeared in Zhouyi. The practice of using drugs to intervene epidemic diseases has also begun to appear. Shan Hai Jing contains seven kinds of drugs, such as smoked grass.

Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Yunmeng, Hubei Province, record the institutions that placed lepers in the Qin Dynasty. However, in the Han Dynasty, there were institutions for accommodating and treating civilians when the plague was prevalent. "Hanshu" records: "In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 2) … those who appealed to the people for diseases and epidemics gave up their homes to buy medicine." This is the first standardized record in the history of epidemic prevention in China.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, under the guidance of traditional philosophical thinking, traditional Chinese medicine became mature, and a theoretical and technical system for disease prevention and treatment was formed on the basis of practical experience. Huangdi Neijing, a classic of traditional Chinese medicine, has a complete idea of disease prevention and control, including the pathogenic concept of "five movements and six qi", the epidemic prevention concept of "keeping healthy qi in the interior, and not doing evil" and the prevention and control concept of "treating the disease before it happens". The theory of "five movements and six qi" has constructed a macro-prediction system for the occurrence of epidemic diseases. Today, its essence lies in exploring the internal and external factors that affect human diseases. Whether the external cause leads to the disease depends on the internal cause "healthy qi", that is, the body’s constitution and resistance, so strengthening healthy qi can prevent diseases. People should strengthen prevention before the onset, or treat it early in the early stage, or prevent recurrence after treatment. Other TCM classics, such as Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Shennong Herbal Classic, provide dialectical prescriptions and drug knowledge for preventing and treating diseases. These classical theories have far-reaching influence on later generations.

Under the guidance of effective theory, the society’s understanding of the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases has been developing continuously.

The first is a deeper understanding of infectivity. For example, it further distinguishes different infectious diseases. Chao Yuanfang of Sui Dynasty said that infectious diseases are caused by "surly qi" and have their special causes. On this basis, Wu Youke, a famous doctor in Ming Dynasty and the author of Treatise on Epidemic Febrile Diseases, summed up the theory of "hostile qi", pointing out that "qi is a thing, and things are qi" and keenly pointed out that the cause of epidemic diseases may be some invisible substance. This is very close to the hypothesis of microbial etiology.

Secondly, progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of epidemics. In terms of prevention, Hua Tuo proposed to use Tu Su wine, Ge Hong proposed to use Laojun Shenming powder, and later someone proposed to take Huoxiang Zhengqi powder. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, fragrant medicine was widely used to prevent diseases, and in the Ming Dynasty, it was popular to burn Atractylodes rhizome to purify the air. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, smallpox vaccination appeared among the people. After continuous development, it was introduced to the court in the Qing Dynasty to inoculate the royal family, and it was also popularized in many places. Some foreign envoys also came to learn and brought this technology back to Europe. Later, the British medical scientist Jenner invented vaccinia inoculation on this basis, which laid the foundation for the final elimination of smallpox, a severe infectious disease in the world. In terms of treatment, on the basis of typhoid fever theory, the system of febrile diseases and pestilence was formed in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which provided more comprehensive theoretical guidance for clinic.

The third is the continuous improvement of prevention and control measures. The Jin Dynasty has formed institutionalized epidemic prevention measures. The Book of Jin records that "courtiers are sometimes ill, and those who are infected with more than three people are not allowed to enter the palace for a hundred days." In the Song Dynasty, attention was paid to the disposal and cremation of the bodies of the infected dead as soon as possible. In the Qing Dynasty, a "pox shelter" was set up in the court to isolate people infected with smallpox, and it was stipulated that relatives could visit after nine days of isolation.

As can be seen from the above, China has rich theories and experiences in epidemic prevention in ancient times, but there are also obvious bottlenecks.

The first bottleneck is the lack of organized epidemic prevention. This is determined by the limitations of feudal dynasty rule. Some rulers are cruel and heartless. For example, Tuoba GUI, the Daowu Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, marched south. When he encountered an epidemic disease, the ministers all asked for withdrawing troops. He even said that this was a "destiny". As long as I conquered the four seas, I didn’t have to worry about having no people. Although some rulers advocate "benevolent government", some epidemic prevention measures adopted are only applied to court officials. In the folk, whenever the plague is prevalent, local governments and social people can only do some temporary work such as taking in and distributing medicines, which is not sustainable. Lu Kun, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, once called out that every state should allocate special funds for training doctors and purchasing medicinal materials to cope with the epidemic. But in the backward and chaotic feudal era, these appeals could not be realized at all.

Another bottleneck is the lack of protection technology. Although it is recognized that epidemics are contagious, they cannot be fundamentally stopped. This limitation brought ethical problems to ancient epidemic prevention and caused discussion among scholars in Song Dynasty. Cheng Jiong, a Confucian scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, saw that some family members abandoned their sick relatives, so he said that the epidemic was caused by bad weather and would not be passed on from person to person, and asked people to stay and take care of the sick. Zhu Xi believes that the truth should be made public, so that people can choose to rescue their loved ones on the premise of understanding. Ouyang Shoudao, an educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, further pointed out that "qi is connected with illness, and qi is not connected with illness." However, under the ancient conditions, how to make "out of breath" has always lacked means. Although Wu Youke realized that "the husband’s things can control qi, so can drugs", he also felt that "I don’t know what can control it because of the intangible miscellaneous qi". Restricted by scientific and technological factors, the ancients could not know that there were pathogenic particles of different sizes in the air, and could not invent corresponding isolation protective equipment and effectively eliminate pathogens.

Third, there are great doctors in the great epidemic

Epidemic prevention and treatment are inseparable from doctors. In ancient China, a group of great doctors stood up in the great epidemic, leaving valuable spiritual wealth and coping experience for future generations.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing’s masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases was written in the plague. At that time, Zhang Zhongjing’s clan originally had more than 200 people, and 2/3 of them died in 10 years, of which 70% died of typhoid fever. Zhang Zhongjing actively saved the epidemic while he was sad and sad, and later wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The book carefully distinguishes the symptom changes of typhoid patients at different stages and puts forward corresponding treatment methods, which has become a model of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment. What is more inspiring to future generations is that he emphasized that doctors should have the spirit of "helping their relatives’ diseases from the top and saving the poor from the bottom" and carry out the rigorous attitude of "assiduously seeking ancient teachings and learning from all sides" in research medicine, so he was called "medical sage" by the later world.

Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, wrote The Great Doctor’s Sincerity, which set up the medical ethics standard of traditional Chinese medicine, in which doctors were required to "be merciful and compassionate first, and swear to save the suffering of the spirit", and "not to think twice before treating patients, but to care for their own good and bad, and to protect their lives". He personally practiced and treated more than 600 leprosy patients with chronic infectious diseases who were discriminated by society. He also put forward the thought of prevention and treatment that "there are scabs in heaven and earth, but also the things born in heaven and earth are used to guard against them", especially put forward many ideas of health preservation, whose medical ethics and medical skills are deeply admired by later generations and are called "the king of medicine".

In 1232, the Mongolian army besieged Bianjing, and the nomads stayed there for several months, causing a great epidemic. "The History of Jin" records: "The Bianjing epidemic killed more than 900,000 people in every 50 days." Scholars still have different opinions on what kind of plague was prevalent at that time. At that time, Li Gao, a famous doctor, founded the theory of spleen and stomach from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, emphasizing that by treating internal injuries of spleen and stomach, "healthy qi should be kept in the interior" to resist pathogenic factors, which is especially suitable for malnourished people in war-torn environments. For the acute plague, the "Puji Disinfection Drink" created by Li Gao was very popular, and people carved the prescription on stone tablets to spread it. His student Luo Tianyi also became a famous doctor who was good at saving the epidemic, and treated many officers and men infected with the epidemic in the army of the Yuan Dynasty.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there appeared many famous prescriptions to save the epidemic that are still in use, all of which were summarized by famous doctors in actual combat. Such as Wu Youke’s Dayuan Drink, Yinqiao Powder from Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong, Yu Shiyu’s Qingwen Baidu Drink, Yang Lishan’s Shengjiang Powder and Wang Qingren’s Jiedu Huoxue Decoction. From 1893 to 1894, a serious plague epidemic occurred in South China, which spread from Gaozhou, Guangdong Province to Guangzhou and Hong Kong, and continued for several years thereafter. At the early stage of the epidemic, Luo Rulan, a traditional Chinese medicine in Gaozhou, made an in-depth study. He resolutely went into the epidemic area and repeatedly observed the condition. Finally, he chose Jiedu Huoxue Decoction to add and subtract and adopted special medication, which formed an effective treatment. However, in the second year, the epidemic flared up again, and it was ineffective to reuse the original prescription. Luo Rulan practiced again and found that the epidemic virus was heavier, so the whole prescription doubled the dosage and finally "saved more than 90%". He wrote his successful experience into the book "Plague Compilation", which was widely spread, and doctors everywhere followed suit. Li Peilan, a high-ranking doctor in Guangdong, and Zheng Fenyang in Fujian all reported that the success rate reached 890%.

In the face of all kinds of plagues, generations of great doctors did not shrink back, did not avoid difficulties and dangers, repeatedly studied the treatment in practice, and gained very valuable experience. But at the same time, we should also realize the different functions of prevention and treatment. For example, Luo Rulan, a famous physician in Qing Dynasty, couldn’t stop the plague epidemic even if he explored an effective cure. According to Shenbao, tens of thousands of people died in Guangdong province in 1894 alone, and nearly 200,000 people died in the next decade. In 1894, Hong Kong took quarantine measures to deal with the plague, strictly implemented traffic quarantine, and concentrated isolation on all infected people. In the end, only 2,552 people died in the whole year. At this time, the medical community had just discovered the pathogen of plague, and there was no effective treatment. Hong Kong achieved results mainly through organized epidemic prevention. This shows that in the face of severe infectious diseases, no matter how good the treatment is, it is difficult to promote it in time and in an all-round way, which requires strong epidemic prevention measures to block it. Since modern times, the world has become increasingly interconnected, and epidemic prevention is no longer a matter of a single country or region, but has become a regional or even global matter.

Fourth, China’s experience of paying equal attention to Chinese and Western medicine

After modern western medicine was introduced to China in the late Qing Dynasty, it caused a lot of comparisons and debates about Chinese and Western medicine. However, at the more important level of public health, the Qing government was slow to make systematic changes. From 1910 to 1911, a plague epidemic broke out in the northeast of China, which threatened Beijing and Tianjin. At the same time, the Qing government faced great diplomatic pressure because the northeast was the sphere of influence of Japan and Russia. In this case, Lien Teh Wu, a western doctor, presided over the epidemic prevention in the three northeastern provinces. Through a series of quarantine and epidemic prevention measures, Lien Teh Wu has effectively quelled the epidemic situation. In 1911, the World Plague Research Association was held in Shenyang, which was the first time that a worldwide medical seminar was held in China.

After the founding of the Republic of China, a nationwide health and epidemic prevention mechanism was gradually established, and institutions such as the Central Epidemic Prevention Office, the General Administration of Epidemic Prevention in the three northeastern provinces, the Northwest Epidemic Prevention Office, the Mengsui Epidemic Prevention Office and the Harbour Quarantine Office were successively established, and health management institutions with epidemic prevention functions were established in various provinces and cities. In 1916, 1930 and 1944, the state promulgated the Regulations on the Prevention of Infectious Diseases or the Regulations on the Prevention of Infectious Diseases three times. Due to the slow development of health care, in the vast urban and rural areas, we still rely only on traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and control epidemics. At that time, there was an argument that questioned the scientific nature of Chinese medicine, and even proposed to abandon Chinese medicine.

In fact, Chinese medicine has long absorbed new knowledge and participated in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. For example, from 1917 to 1918, when the plague was prevalent in Shanxi and other places, Chinese medicine practitioners Cao Yuansen and Yang Haoru went to Datong to cooperate with western medicine in epidemic prevention; In 1919, there was an epidemic of cholera in Langfang. Chinese medicine practitioners Kong Bohua and Yang Haoru took part in the prevention and treatment. They went deep into the village to treat patients and were welcomed. The two experiences of Chinese medicine in rescuing epidemic diseases were later recorded in the book "Analysis of Eight Kinds of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Infectious Diseases".

In 1924, there was another plague in Shanxi. Three doctors from Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Improvement Research Association "selected Chinese medicine and were able to understand western treatment methods and acupuncture methods" to preside over epidemic prevention. They combined traditional Chinese and western medicine to control the epidemic in time, and afterwards compiled detailed reports on the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine respectively. These works prove that the synergy of traditional Chinese and western medicine is obviously more valuable.

The government of the Republic of China later passed the Regulations on Chinese Medicine, which legalized Chinese medicine. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1931 to 1945, Chinese medicine was brought into the wartime epidemic prevention system. The Chinese Medicine Ambulance Hospital, mainly established in yiguang, the central country, has actively rescued soldiers and civilians in Nanjing and Chongqing. Due to the interruption of the source of antimalarial drug quinine, a Chinese medicine laboratory was established in the rear area. Through the study of prescriptions, it was confirmed that Changshan, a traditional Chinese medicine, had a good effect on malaria, and the effective component Changshan alkali was extracted and its chemical structure was determined, which attracted the attention of the world pharmaceutical community.

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the border areas have implemented the policy of cooperation between Chinese and Western medicine in health and epidemic prevention. In 1944, Mao Zedong said in a speech at the opening ceremony of Yan ‘an University: "The role of both Chinese medicine and western medicine is to cure diseases. ….. We put forward the slogan: These two kinds of doctors should cooperate. " Chinese herbal medicines are also widely used in the border areas to prevent and control epidemics.

The establishment of new China and the socialist system have opened up a brand-new road for China’s health and epidemic prevention. The Communist Party of China (CPC) faithfully practices the fundamental purpose of serving the people, and comprehensively strengthens its leadership in health and epidemic prevention. In August 1950, the first national health conference in New China was held, and the health work policy of "prevention first" and "uniting Chinese and Western medicine" was established. In 1951, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Central Committee’s Instructions on Strengthening Health and Epidemic Prevention and Medical Work", which made overall arrangements for epidemic prevention work throughout the country. For decades, the state has vigorously promoted vaccination, continued to carry out patriotic health campaigns, established a nationwide health and epidemic prevention system, improved laws and regulations on the prevention of infectious diseases, and actively carried out special prevention and treatment of plague, schistosomiasis, malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis and AIDS. Smallpox was basically eliminated in 1961, polio was eliminated in 2000, and the incidence of many infectious diseases fell to the lowest level in history. After entering the 21st century, China reorganized and established the national disease prevention and control system, further strengthened the public health and infectious disease prevention and control work, and successfully dealt with new infectious diseases such as SARS, new avian influenza and New Bunia virus. The public health and preventive medicine undertakings were continuously improved, the national health was well guaranteed, and the average life expectancy increased from 35 years before the founding of New China to 77 years, and the people had more sense of gain, happiness and security. The 70-year history of the epidemic prevention struggle in New China tells us that in a large country with a large population, without the strong leadership of the Party and the unified and efficient institutional advantage of the socialist system,Without the "people-centered" policy line and the rapid development of medical and health undertakings, it is impossible to achieve such great achievements in the field of public health today.

In this process, traditional Chinese medicine has also played a positive role, showing many characteristics. From 1954 to 1955, Japanese encephalitis broke out in Shijiazhuang, and Guo Keming, a Chinese medicine practitioner, successfully treated many patients. After field investigation by experts from the Ministry of Health, the effect of Chinese medicine therapy was affirmed and popularized throughout the country. In 1956, when Japanese encephalitis was prevalent in Beijing, Pu Fuzhou, a famous Chinese medicine practitioner, continued to use Shijiazhuang therapy, but the effect was not good. Later, according to the situation in Beijing, he added dehumidifying drugs and achieved good results. This shows that TCM treatment of epidemic diseases needs syndrome differentiation and treatment.

In 1967, China started the May 23rd project to develop new antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin was found and extracted from Artemisia annua in Tu Youyou, and it was proved that artemisinin had good antimalarial effect after a large-scale and long-term verification through national cooperation. Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. This shows that there are many pearls and jade in the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine worth excavating.

When SARS broke out in 2003, faced with this new infectious disease, which was unknown to the world medical community at that time, while implementing effective prevention and control, Chinese medicine vigorously played a therapeutic role and achieved good results in reducing fever time and sequelae, which was affirmed by experts from the World Health Organization. This reflects another advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in treating epidemic diseases. According to the understanding of the relationship between evil and positive in traditional Chinese medicine theory, Chinese medicine can carry out syndrome differentiation and treatment under the condition that the pathogen is unknown, and treat patients as soon as possible.

Obviously, while China continues to vigorously improve the level of medical science and technology and improve the prevention and control mechanism of infectious diseases, giving full play to the role of traditional medicine and strengthening the coordination of Chinese and Western medicine will certainly push forward the epidemic prevention work in the new era.

At present, the people of China are waging a severe struggle against the COVID-19 epidemic. With the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the material foundation guarantee laid since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the support of "China Spirit" nurtured by patriotism and reform and innovation, and the tenacious struggle of medical staff who are courageously fighting for sacrifices, the heroic people of China will certainly be able to overcome all kinds of plagues and ghosts and win the final victory in the fight against the epidemic!

Author: Professor of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine