Wan ‘an Town, located along the Hengjiang River in the Xuxiu Basin, is one of the four ancient towns in Huizhou, named after Wanan Mountain (also known as Gucheng Rock) in the east. The embryonic form of the market town was formed as early as the Han and Sui Dynasties, with a documented history of more than 1,700 years. It was once the seat of county governance and county governance. It is close to Yicheng, and it is located in the land transportation center of yi county, Qimen and Wuyuan, Tunxi and Yansi, and Anqing, Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian. And according to the water transport trunk road in the upper reaches of Qiantang River, the boat can go upstream to yi county Fishing Pavilion and go straight to Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Because Wan ‘an has both the convenience of horses and chariots and the benefits of boats and boats, a large amount of grain and oil, bamboo, wood, tea and other materials produced by surrounding towns are concentrated here for processing, sales or transshipment, making it an important commercial port and water transport terminal in ancient Huizhou.

After hundreds of years of development, by the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wan ‘an Street had ranked first among the nine major markets in Xiuning County, and the people had the reputation of "a small Xiuning City and a large Wan ‘an Street". The street is about five miles long, and there are many shops on both sides of the long and narrow street, so it is also known as the "first sight" market. Even in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were still more than 50 kinds of industries, more than 140 shops and workshops along Wan ‘an Street, such as cloth, grain and oil, sugar mill, sauce garden, pawn, Chinese medicine, Hui ink, compass, waste mill, furnace mill and sedan chair, and we can imagine its prosperity in its heyday.

However, this is not the same. Compared with the bustling Tunxi Old Street in the center of Huangshan, Wan ‘an Street now looks depressed and desolate. There are almost no pedestrians on the street, and there is no smell of chickens crowing and dogs barking. Many old houses have been in disrepair for a long time and are uninhabited. The once busy dock has now become a laundry place for women, and there are no traces of shops that were lined up in the past. Only the blue stone road with smooth feet is still vaguely showing the pedestrians on Wan ‘an Street in the past.

Wan’ an old street

At the same time, there is also a skill that continues. From Wan ‘an Street eastward to No.70 Shangjie, the signboard of "Wu Luheng Compass Old Shop" came into view. "Compass" is the honorific title of Feng Shui master for compass. According to research, Wan ‘an Street compass manufacturing industry started in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, developed in the Ming Dynasty, and flourished in the middle of Qing Dynasty. It has a history of more than 600 years, so Wan ‘an is also called "the hometown of compass". In 2006, Wan ‘an compass making skills were included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Wu Lu heng Luo Jing old shop

"hometown of compass"

The prosperity of Wan ‘an Compass is related to its geographical and humanistic environment and social needs. Huizhou is the birthplace of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and its social culture is deeply influenced by Neo-Confucianism in Cheng and Zhu. Neo-Confucians Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty and Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty, as well as many later Neo-Confucians, all wrote books on Yi-ology, and there were special articles emphasizing the study of Feng Shui. Xin ‘an Neo-Confucianism, which originated from Cheng Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism, prevailed in Huizhou for nearly 700 years, and had a profound impact on Huizhou society, making the geomantic activities in this area last forever and forming traditional social customs. The Southern Song Dynasty’s Xin ‘an Annals said: "The disadvantages of its people are that it is good to appoint personnel, and it is good to bury people in mud until the age of choosing auspicious days. There are still a few doors in the market, so it is good for luck." It shows that Huizhou people at that time were very particular about the geomantic omen of buildings and tombs. In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhao Jishi, a native of Wan ‘an, Xiuning County, wrote "Send to the Garden, Send to the Place", saying that "Feng Shui is especially important for Hui people, and it is strong to settle disputes at ordinary times", which shows the prevalence of Feng Shui in Huizhou.

At the same time, Huizhou has a self-sustaining feng shui system since ancient times, and the most influential representative is He Lingtong. He Lingtong (922-1019), whose name is Pu, was originally a master of the Southern Tang Dynasty. According to the expert Kanyu family, during the Xiande period of the later Zhou Dynasty (954-960), he was demoted as the Xiuning county magistrate because of the unfavorable admonition of Li Jing to repair the Niushou Mountain Mausoleum. After resigning as a monk. He has done a lot in the theory and practice of "Yang Zhai" and "Yin Zhai". "Xiuning County Records" said: "Where Hui people are buried in good places, why are the Buddhist teachers?" He Lingtong’s geomantic omen has been passed down in Huizhou. For example, the You family in Jixi, Wuyuan, that is, "the learning of He Lingtong, the master of my uncle’s family", has produced many famous Feng Shui masters in past dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, you Yuanli also wrote in "At the beginning of Yongle, Bo Tian Shoushan Mausoleum should be summoned and given back to the mountain". He Keda, a famous feng shui master in Xiuning, a descendant of He, was the planner who reconstructed the village environment and built the village water system during the Ming Yongle period in Hongcun, yi county, a world cultural heritage site.

In addition, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, after they became rich in foreign business, Huizhou merchants returned to their hometowns to build houses, ancestral temples and ancestral graves. Before these activities broke ground, Mr. Feng Shui was invited to choose his direction, which made Feng Shui and compasses have a broad sales market. At the same time, foreign businessmen and geomancers also made a special trip to Wan’ an to buy compasses. These unique cultural, economic and geographical conditions objectively promoted the emergence and development of Wan ‘an compass, and Wan ‘an compass industry came into being, which gradually made Wan ‘an Town one of the famous compass manufacturing centers in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

compass

Skill inheritance

The compass shops in Wan ‘an history mainly include Fang Xiushui, Wu Luheng, Hu Ruyi and Hu Ping Rank. Wu Luheng’s compass shop was founded in the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1723), and it is a rising star in Wan ‘an compass making industry. Compasses and sundials made by founder Wu Guozhu (word Lu Heng) are popular all over the world because of their high quality and high precision, and "Wu Luheng" has also become a well-known brand in China compass industry. Later generations inherited the ancestral system, and made "foreign-style sundials" and "solar-term sundials", etc. The products were sold in China urban and rural areas, and even spread to Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and America, enjoying a good reputation at home and abroad. In the 4th year of the Republic of China (1915), the compass and sundial jointly produced by Wu Luheng’s fifth and sixth generations, Wu Yuxian and Wu Weicang, were awarded the second prize of China’s products for the Panama World Expo, and won the gold medal at the Panama World Expo. Wu’s compass shop was handed down for six generations and closed in the 1960s. In 1990s, Wu Shuisen, a seventh-generation inheritor and later named as a national intangible heritage inheritor, returned to his ancestors’ old business and restored Wu Luheng’s compass making skills.

China prepares for the second prize certificate of Panama World Expo products.

The current "shopkeeper" of Wu Luheng’s old compass shop is the eighth generation descendant Wu Zhaoguang. Wu Zhaoguang was born in 1984. He started to make compasses at the age of 10, "looking at it for three years and repairing it for three years". At the age of 16, he basically mastered the core technology of Wu Luheng’s compass making. But he doesn’t think this is the embodiment of parents’ sense of inheritance. "Do you think farmers will deliberately train their children to farm? That’s not training, but working for the family. You are a family laborer. " Wu Zhaoguang feels that "the thing I want to do most since I was a child is to play". Learning to make a compass is forced, and I have never considered cultural inheritance. At the age of nineteen, he joined the army despite his father’s opposition and followed the troops everywhere.

When he was a soldier, a letter from his father Wu Shuisen touched him greatly. Around 2003, the environment of the whole compass industry was very bad. Wu Shuisen felt that he was too old to make a compass. He hoped that his son would come back to take over, inherit this craft and lead the compass industry to the right track. On second thought, Wu Zhaoguang returned to Wan ‘an Town after the expiration of his service and took over the operation of the old shop. He decided to "do something famous".

The first is to expand the scale of production. The compass made by Wu Luheng’s old shop has to go through seven complicated processes, including material selection and blank making, turning, dividing, liquidation, writing, oil delivery and needle installation, and each step must be made by hand. The most critical process is to install the magnetic needle: first, place the steel needle on the natural meteorite to magnetize it. When installing, the center of gravity of the magnetic needle should be accurately determined, so that the fulcrum can not produce resistance, so that the pointer can rotate freely. This process is the core technology of compass making, which can only be completed by the shopkeeper himself in the secret room.

In the past, Wu Shuisen completed all the processes alone. Wu Zhaoguang persuaded his father to hire people and take apprentices, and handed over the first six processes to others to improve the compass output. Secondly, to expand publicity, Wu Zhaoguang established a website to introduce the history and production process of compass, and also began to sell compass on QQ. These operations, which now seem normal, made my father feel very incredible at that time.

Two or three years later, the old shop was gradually on the right track, and Wu Zhaoguang and his father were faced with a choice: should they sell the compass to the government or a professional feng shui master? At that time, the government purchased a large number of local specialties as gifts, including Huimo, inkstone and compass, and the order amount sometimes reached hundreds of thousands or even millions. However, they feel that the relationship between government procurement and policy is too close and not safe enough. In contrast, although individual customers are difficult to do, as long as the products are well done, the accumulated reputation and resources will continue. Therefore, they positioned the product audience as professional customers. Later, the "eight regulations" strictly controlled the three public funds. Due to proper pre-judgment, the reduction of government orders hardly affected Wu Luheng’s compass store.

Many people are also playing the idea of "Wu Luheng", the golden signboard of Wanan compass. Due to Wu Shuisen’s lack of trademark awareness, "Wu Luheng" was squatted in the 1990s, and it took nearly 20 years to get the trademark back. There are also some small workshops that put the names of Wu Shuisen and Wu Zhaoguang on their homemade compasses and sell them on Taobao. In order to set the record straight, Wu Zhaoguang also opened a Taobao shop to keep informed of the inventory situation at any time to prevent customers from being cheated.

Mr. Wu Zhaoguang

Compass requires a lot of raw materials. The rivers around Wan ‘an Town are criss-crossing, and the trees are lush, which is rich in a kind of "tiger bone wood". Its material is tough and does not show texture, so it is the best choice for making compasses. However, tiger bone wood should be left for three and a half to four years, and it can only be used after it is fully dried. Compass has many sizes, large and small. Due to the limitation of raw materials, the quantity distribution of compasses of various sizes needs to be prepared when storing wood according to the change of disc demand. "We have to predict the trend of the compass market in the next 3-4 years. Different schools have different interpretations of Feng Shui, so they need different compasses. For example, in the first two years, the market was sold with great enthusiasm, and there were piles of small ones, but no one bought them; But sometimes small-cap stocks are short-selling for several months in a row, and the market does not move. A certain period of time just happens to have more training courses run by a large feng shui school, and small-sized dishes will sell more; However, if the professional society has more training, it will be different. They are more inclined to explain the broader market with more content. "

In order to understand the trends of different schools, Wu Zhaoguang often communicates with feng shui masters, but he still thinks that he can’t fully grasp the dynamics of the compass market. "We only produced more than 1,000 plates last year, but the demand is far from enough. For example, if the market demand is 10,000 and you only have 1,000, how can you ensure that 1000 is a comprehensive reflection of 10,000? Unless it is basically parallel to the market demand, it will be more reasonable to say so, but now we certainly can’t do it. " Wu Luheng’s old compass store has more than 100 kinds of samples, and the common types are Sanhe, Sanyuan, Zhonghe, Xuankong and Zhuzi. Customers mainly choose and book the dishes from the website of the old shop, and Wu Zhaoguang processes and makes them according to the customer’s needs.

Wu Luheng’s old compass shop has more than 20 employees, but it can’t be regarded as a commercial company. Wu Zhaoguang calls their production mode "manual small-scale batch production", and generally no more than 20 compasses can be made in one batch. The old shop produces three kinds of products: compass, sundial and geomantic ruler. The price of compass ranges from 400 yuan to 10 thousand yuan, mainly from 2000 yuan to 3000 yuan. The most expensive product, the sundial, can be sold for more than 300 thousand, but it takes more than one year to make. Wu Zhaoguang feels that he is relatively relaxed. There is no pressure on sales of products, and there is no need for special sales staff. Every year, he has more than 5 million sales and a considerable profit margin.

Wu Zhaoguang is cautious about further increasing compass production. The key to increase the output is to reduce his own workload. After several years of hesitation, he made up his mind to split the most important needle installation link in the seven processes, take an apprentice in the pointer assembly, and only take charge of the most difficult pointer fulcrum production part. He hopes to increase the annual output of compass to 1500-1600. "If the technology is really liberalized, I will create competitors for myself. If I adopt a process-based liberalization, I can always leave the core technology. "

Every old shop has rules left by ancestors. There is a rule in Wu Luheng’s Compass Old Shop that requires employees to "enter the shop young and leave the shop old", and everyone is only responsible for a certain process of compass making. "The servants who followed my great-grandfather and grandfather used to work until they died. They bought two sets of clothes every year and paid monthly money. I will show them when they are sick. When they die, they have to prepare coffins for them. It is a bit like a bonded worker. I have been in charge for a lifetime." There is also "passing on the daughter-in-law but not the daughter", that is, the skill of compass making can be passed on to the daughter-in-law, but not to the daughter. "This is to keep the family’s intellectual property secret. The daughter is going to get married, but the daughter-in-law belongs to her own family, and the child born is surnamed Wu. My father’s generation is a typical’ daughter-in-law’s son’, because my grandfather passed away very early, but fortunately my grandmother inherited this skill and was able to pass it on to my father. "

Wu Zhaoguang believes that these rules are all to prevent technology from spreading abroad. "It may be the reason why we are engaged in this business. Our Wu family’s incense is not prosperous. It has only been passed down for eight generations in more than 300 years. Since Grandpa Tai, it has been’ four generations of single biography’." Mr. Wu Shuisen, the seventh generation descendant, died in 2014. Today, Wu Zhaoguang is 35 years old and has only one daughter. For the inheritance of skills, he said that he is considering it.

Fengshui culture

Wu Zhaoguang usually reads Feng Shui books and understands the basic knowledge, but he didn’t want to spend energy on research. He believes that Feng Shui is not a feudal superstition, nor a metaphysical myth, but an experience and law between man and nature summed up by ancient sages in China. The wisdom of the ancients is expressed in the form of symbols on a compass, and today, through these symbols, we can deduce the experience at that time like cracking a password.

"Whether it’s a yin house or a yang house, it’s nothing more than what kind of orientation. Why is it that changing the orientation of the door will make you’ prosperous’? In fact, it’s very simple. For example, if you walk into a street, the doors of some shops just don’t attract you, and you just can’t get in. But if you change the direction of the doors according to the terrain and environment, you can naturally go in. Isn’t this a money-sucking? There is also’ Wangjia’, that is, the wind direction of the house, the earth’s magnetic field, sunshine and other effects on the owner’s body. If the house is always out of the sun, then it must be humid, and people are prone to rheumatism. Therefore, a person’s physical condition is closely related to his living environment-the so-called Feng Shui-but the ancient Feng Shui master will not tell you, he will only tell you whether the house is good or not, and he will not tell you. In fact, I think this is a kind of science and the attitude of the ancients towards the relationship between heaven and earth. "

Hand-painted feng shui map

The rise and fall of compass industry also represents the rise and fall of geomantic culture. In Wu Zhaoguang’s view, geomantic culture was in its heyday in the Republic of China, and it entered a period of depression after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It suffered a great blow during the Cultural Revolution, but it didn’t really stop. It just moved from the ground to the underground, and it didn’t pick up until the reform and opening up. In 2006, the production technology of Wan ‘an compass entered the national intangible cultural heritage list. At the same time, the national economy grew rapidly, and the compass industry began to take off under the joint action of culture and economy. "We are sitting here today, and we are sure what we want to eat first; Only by solving the problem of eating can we continue to want to wear; Food and clothing have been solved, and then I want to have a place to live; I can decide whether to live here or there when conditions permit. Doesn’t the prosperity of Feng Shui just reflect the improvement of our needs? "

In order to spread the compass culture, Wu Zhaoguang spent more than 10 million yuan to establish the only compass museum in China-Wan ‘an Compass Culture Museum behind Wu Luheng’s old compass shop. The museum was opened to the public free of charge in 2012, displaying nearly 1,000 pieces of cultural relics such as ancient compasses, sundials, geomantic rulers, ancient geomantic books, ancient maps, tools for making old compasses, and original award certificates of Wan ‘an Compass, and was selected as the first batch of top ten private museums in Anhui Province. In addition, considering that the raw materials for disc making have been listed as national protected tree species, they should not be cut down indiscriminately. In addition to reporting to the forestry department for purchase, Wu Zhaoguang also invested in the construction of more than 1,000 mu of raw material bases for compass materials.

Wan’ an compass culture museum

　　Chutian City News (Reporter Zhang Wanjun) When students were walking on campus, a grey magpie suddenly swooped over the top of its head from the branches and attacked it with its claws or beak. Recently, this scene happened many times in Nanhu Campus of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law. Experts say that the grey magpie may have been disturbed by human beings, and the attack may be to protect the territory.

　　Yesterday, Mr. Zhang from Xiaogan reported that he had recently attended training in Nanhu Campus of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, and was attacked by the same magpie several times on campus. Although he was not injured, Mr. Zhang was very curious.

　　At 11 o’clock yesterday, Chutian Metropolis Daily reporter met Mr. Zhang at the north gate of Nanhu Campus of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law. Mr. Zhang introduced that recently, he was attacked by a magpie several times when he passed near the north gate of the school. According to his observation, this magpie not only attacked him, but also attacked students and citizens passing by many times, especially in the morning when there were many people. Mr. Zhang observed that most of the attackers were men and some women, among whom shorter men were the most vulnerable.

　　Under the guidance of Mr. Zhang, the reporter saw this magpie on a camphor tree near the scene. Except that the sound is a little squeal, the appearance of this magpie is not much different from other magpies.

　　When a male student wearing a gray T-shirt passed by the tree, the magpie suddenly swooped down from the branch and passed by the back of his head, which made the student feel a little puzzled.

　　Soon, a middle-aged man passed by and was attacked by this magpie. Different from before, the magpie attacked him again after the man walked a few meters away.

　　In the next few minutes, this magpie attacked three other students and citizens passing by. A student wearing a red T-shirt told the reporter that he felt the magpie scratching his back with its claws. Because he was separated by clothes, he was not injured. "This is the first time I have seen a bird attack people. It’s really strange!"

　　A shop assistant nearby confirmed that this magpie had been attacking students and pedestrians passing by for several days.

　　Gao Yanhong, chief engineer of Wuhan Zoo, said after seeing the pictures taken by the reporter that this is a grey magpie. He introduced that the grey magpie has a strong territorial consciousness and is aggressive. There may be a nest of the grey magpie near the incident site, which makes aggressive behavior to protect the nest; Another possibility is that this grey magpie has been disturbed and intimidated by the public, and it has made aggressive behavior against passers-by out of revenge.

On January 12, 2018, the CSRC held a press conference. The spokesperson Chang Depeng informed the CSRC of the administrative penalties imposed on five cases, and finally answered the reporter’s questions.

Q: Recently, market public opinion has reflected that there is a clear audit policy for the "three types of shareholders" problems encountered by companies listed on the New Third Board in the process of applying for IPO. Excuse me, how to grasp it in the issuance review?

A: Since 2016, with the gradual increase in the number of IPO applications by companies listed on the New Third Board, some companies have emerged "three types of shareholders" such as contractual private equity funds, asset management plans and trust plans. In view of the particularity of the "three types of shareholders", there may be problems such as layer-by-layer nesting and high leverage, as well as opaque and impenetrable shareholder identity, which should be paid special attention to in the IPO issuance review process. Previously, some enterprises under review took the initiative to clean up the "three types of shareholders".

Considering that the issue of "three types of shareholders" involves not only the IPO regulatory policy, but also the development of the New Third Board, the CSRC has handled the issue of "three types of shareholders" very carefully. After repeated research and argumentation, it has recently made clear that there are regulatory policies for "three types of shareholders" when companies listed on the New Third Board apply for IPO, as follows:

First, based on the basic requirements of securities law, company law and IPO method, the stability of the company and the clarity of controlling shareholders and actual controllers are the basic conditions. In order to ensure the stability of the company to be listed and ensure the controlling shareholders to fulfill their fiduciary obligations, the controlling shareholders, actual controllers and the largest shareholders of the company are required not to be "three types of shareholders"; Second, in view of the fact that the management department is currently standardizing the asset management business, in order to ensure that the "three types of shareholders" are established and standardized according to law, they are required to be included in the effective supervision of the financial supervision department; Third, in order to prevent the transfer of interests from the source, prevent and control potential risks, strictly supervise highly leveraged structured products and nested investment entities, require issuers with the above situations to propose rectification plans that meet the regulatory requirements, and make penetrating disclosure of "three types of shareholders", and at the same time require intermediaries to check whether issuers and their stakeholders directly or indirectly hold rights and interests in "three types of shareholders"; Fourth, in order to ensure that it can meet the current lock-up period and reduction rules, the "three types of shareholders" are required to make reasonable arrangements for their duration.

Focusing on the protection of industrial heritage, popularization of scientific knowledge and patriotism education, the Steel Structure Museum aims to let the audience know the development course of steel structure in the world, the rising road of steel structure in China and the unique charm of steel structure civilization.

(A) the characteristics of patriotism education

The steel structure museum shows the whole development process of China’s steel structure related technology from ancient times leading, to modern backwardness, to modern rise, and then to contemporary leading, which helps the audience to understand the history of national conditions and inspire the national spirit; Collecting and exhibiting a number of precious collections that carry red genes, unite blue power and focus on green development, and digging deep into the information and historical stories behind them will help stimulate the enthusiasm of the audience and cultivate scientific ideas; The theme is steel structure. Steel structure technology, products and works are important carriers for China to practice the "Belt and Road Initiative", build a community of human destiny and serve human welfare, and are also important starting points for telling the story of China’s revival.

(2) Free opening to the outside world.

The steel structure museum began its trial operation on May 18, 2017, and is open to the public free of charge every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. On May 1, 2018, it was approved by the Guangdong Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and officially listed in the national cultural and cultural system; It officially opened on November 2, 2018, and the opening hours were adjusted to six days a week from Tuesday to Sunday. By the end of 2020, it had received more than 50,000 visitors. The museum has also set up online services such as visit reservation, self-help audio guide, panoramic display, etc., providing public services such as guide maps, convenient umbrellas, drinking water, and protection measures for the disabled, and regularly giving special lectures on popular science for children.

(3) Guangji steel structure treasures

The steel structure museum has collected more than 1,000 pieces (sets) of different kinds and shapes from home and abroad. The representative collections include: iron cables of Luding Bridge in Sichuan, rivets of Eiffel Tower, steel members of World Trade Center Building in New York, specifications for steel bridges of state-owned railways in 11 years of the Republic of China, 20-year annals of Showa Steel Works, coal and stone lamps of herringbone bridge in Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, draft recommendation letter of History of Wuhan Bridge Project, rivets and cables of Golden Gate Bridge in the United States, and 3D printed steel structure nodes. At the same time, according to the cultural industry norms, a collection warehouse with protective conditions was built for collection storage, and a collection and warehouse management system was established, and collection of collections continued.

(D) In-depth academic research

The steel structure museum has carried out in-depth research on the collection and history, published the Catalogue of Fine Collection (the first series), and written more than 40 articles on the Collection. Summarize the experience of enterprises in organizing industry museums, participate in the discussion of provincial and municipal industry norms for many times, share the experience of running museums and popularizing science at different theme activities, and publish many papers.

(five) to carry out social education.

The steel structure museum attaches great importance to the education of students and children, actively innovates and takes the initiative to plan and develop a series of research courses on how steel structures are "tempered", and has published a primary school edition, and will continue to compile a junior high school edition and a senior high school edition; A total of 15 public welfare lectures on "Opening of the Steel Structure Museum" were held, benefiting more than 15,000 people online and offline; Continuously held the volunteer service of "Little Interpreter Training" and carried out thematic research activities, benefiting more than 6,000 students. Co-organized a number of public welfare activities such as "prefabricated building citizen experience activities", "millions of citizens see Shenzhen" and "listening to the story of reform and opening up in the museum" with the relevant Shenzhen Municipal Bureau.

(six) extensive publicity and reporting

The steel structure museum has established an official website and WeChat WeChat official account, designed and produced brochures and guide maps, and developed various cultural and creative products such as steel structure theme souvenir covers and commemorative coins. As the only cultural institution, the Steel Structure Museum appeared in Shenzhen’s new edition (2020) city publicity film.

(seven) the social evaluation is good.

The construction and opening up of the steel structure museum has been widely praised by industry experts and the public. It has been awarded the "National Primary and Secondary School Students’ Research and Practice Education Base" and is a member unit of the China Museum Association, the National Federation of Industrial Museums and china national youth palace association.

　　"I’ll accept your homework if you can find one or two angles to demonstrate the rationality of your late submission." Recently, a classmate of East China University of Political Science and Law failed to hand in his homework in time for some reason, and wrote an article to demonstrate the rationality of "late handing in homework". I didn’t expect his teacher — — Ma Yinxiang, an associate professor at the School of Law, wrote an analysis of the classification method of "late homework cases" and promised students back and forth that the wonderful "debates" between teachers and students became popular on the Internet. In the end, Mr. Ma Yinxiang accepted the late assignment. He told the Beijing Youth Daily reporter that the reason why he "replied" was that he hoped students could understand the awareness of rules and apply the legal knowledge they had learned to their lives.

　　Students miss the time to hand in homework.

　　Want to ask the teacher to "share the risk"

　　Xu is a sophomore at East China University of Political Science and Law. This year is the first time that she has taken the criminal law case course of Ma Yinxiang. Xu told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that Mr. Ma’s class was arranged on the evening of 15th, with four consecutive classes. At the beginning of the first class, Mr. Ma said that he would hand in his homework between classes. "I began to think that the teacher would say it again during a certain class, and then everyone would hand it in."

　　Unexpectedly, in the next few classes, Teacher Ma didn’t mention handing in homework. After class, Xu left with other students. "I thought I might hand it in next class." Xu said that she didn’t know that the other students had handed in their homework until she discussed the next homework with other students.

　　According to Mr. Xu, Mr. Ma’s score in the criminal law case class is produced by the average score of several usual assignments. Therefore, a failure to hand in homework will affect the final score. On the 18th, after discovering that only he didn’t hand in his homework, Xu asked Mr. Ma if he could hand it in late in the course group. Mr. Ma replied that he couldn’t hand it in late because he had been reminded many times. Xu explained: "We have differences on the expression of handing in homework between classes. Can we share the risks in view of such a major misunderstanding?"

　　Students write papers to demonstrate "rationality"

　　The teacher replied with professional knowledge of law.

　　After Xu proposed "risk sharing", Ma Yinxiang replied in the WeChat group: "There are 192 students in the class, and you are the only one who wants to misunderstand me. From the probability of occurrence, the obvious system is too abnormal, which is an abnormal intervention factor, enough to rule out the rationality of your late homework, so let me carry this cauldron. ‘ Male and female servants can’t do it ’ 。” However, Ma Yinxiang later mentioned that if Xu could find an angle to demonstrate the rationality of his late submission, he would accept Xu’s homework.

　　Xu told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that because this assignment was really written with my heart, I just couldn’t pay it because I went to the bathroom. "I feel a little distressed and want to die again." In order to write this article well, Xu also asked other students, and everyone gave her a lot of angles. Finally, she finished writing this article "On the Rationality of Late Homework" in more than three hours.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that Xu discussed that it was reasonable to hand in her homework late from the perspectives of civil law and criminal law, and submitted multiple evidences to find several students to help her testify. At about 10 o’clock that night, Mr. Ma Yinxiang replied to an article "Analysis on the Case of Late Homework" in the group, using the classification analysis method in the criminal law to demonstrate whether the supplementary behavior is reasonable and whether it can accept Xu’s homework, and finally came to the conclusion that "in terms of supplementary homework behavior, it is objectively unreasonable in form, but it does not violate the principle of fairness in essence. Therefore, the supplementary homework is regarded as effective, and this grade is not affected."

　　Teachers and students argued that the popular network was praised.

　　Netizen commented that "although things are small, they are not light."

　　The wonderful debate between teachers and students about late handing in homework quickly became popular on the Internet, and netizens praised this vivid law class in succession. Some netizens commented: "Very good, this is the most reasonable way of education and thinking." Some netizens commented: "Although the matter is small and unreasonable, as a law student, we should have enough respect for the rules."

　　Xu told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that he was particularly nervous when he saw Mr. Ma reply to himself. "My hands are shaking." Because the first half of Ma Yinxiang’s reply demonstrates that the late submission of homework is not formal rationality, "like checking the results in middle school, I don’t know what the result will be." When it was found that Mr. Ma not only accepted his homework, but also did not deduct any grades, Xu was particularly surprised and was moved by Mr. Ma’s intentions.

　　conversation

　　Ma Yinxiang: The problem is to test, reply and respect.

　　After teaching for four years, Ma Yinxiang said that his teaching philosophy is equal dialogue between teachers and students. This time, in the face of the difficult problems thrown by the teacher, Mr. Xu not only did not flinch, but seriously demonstrated from a professional point of view. As a teacher, he has the responsibility to reply to his classmates. At the same time, he hopes to improve students’ awareness of rules and learn to apply legal knowledge to daily life through this example.

　　Beiqing Daily: Why do you want students to find an angle to demonstrate the rationality of late homework?

　　Ma Yinxiang: This classmate didn’t say that he didn’t write it at first, but later he wanted to write it up and hand it in. If so, it certainly doesn’t meet the requirements. However, this classmate also said that she had finished her homework and brought it to the classroom, but she didn’t hand it in because of negligence. I think this is understandable. I just want to give her a chance to put forward some legitimate reasons for her late handing in her homework, and also to see if she can apply what she has learned to defend herself.

　　Beiqing Daily: Have you ever thought of this classmate’s reply?

　　Ma Yinxiang: I initially imagined that there would be two outcomes. The first is that after I throw out the question, students may feel that they are unreasonable and give up automatically. But this classmate is still tough. After I threw a difficult question, she took it, but I didn’t expect her to write so long.

　　Beiqing Daily: Why did you reply to this classmate in a legal way?

　　Ma Yinxiang: Because she was also in a large group with more than 300 classmates at that time, and she wrote very long, I think it may have a very negative impact if this matter is not handled properly. After thinking about it, I think it is better to explain this problem with the principle of legality in criminal law that I talked about in class, which is also the way to apply legal knowledge to life. Of course, the starting point is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of students, and finally, it has made a favorable treatment for students. Now it seems that most of them can understand.

　　Beiqing Daily: Some people think that it is necessary for both sides to write such a long article to discuss such a small matter as making up homework.

　　Ma Yinxiang: I think this is a common process in our teaching process. Teachers also hope to examine students’ understanding and application of a certain knowledge in this way, and teachers respond to students out of respect. Xu’s article is very long and professional in form. In this case, it is disrespectful to the students to send her away in a simple sentence or two, and there is no way for other students to understand why I accepted her homework again.

　　Beiqing Daily: Besides examining students’ mastery of knowledge, are there any other considerations?

　　Ma Yinxiang: In addition to examining students’ mastery of knowledge, I think this reply is also to cultivate students’ awareness of rules. I also clearly pointed out in my reply that this classmate didn’t pay attention to observing the rule of submission time. Even if you write well, it is also a violation from the procedural and behavioral rules. We teach law, and the core of the rule of law is the system of rules, so that students can understand how rules are implemented in our lives and how to use them to fight for their legitimate rights and interests. I think this is better than telling cases that are far away from students in class.

　　Beiqing Daily: Will this practice be adhered to in the future teaching process?

　　Ma Yinxiang: I have always insisted that teachers and students should talk on an equal footing, but the specific form may not necessarily adopt this kind of literal expression. My teaching philosophy is to have an equal dialogue on the controversial issues under the premise of respecting students, so as to solve them reasonably.

　　Beiqing Daily: Some online buzzwords have appeared in the communication with students. Is this intentional?

　　Ma Yinxiang: Now many freshmen and sophomores are close to the post-00 generation, and their lives are more entertaining. If I use the teaching methods of my teacher when I was a student to teach the current students, the effect may not be so good. Therefore, I wanted to find a common language with my students. Later, I found that introducing some online buzzwords can arouse students’ enthusiasm and teach them the boring knowledge in a more interesting way. Before this reply, I also specially selected a song to send to the students. After the serious argument, I also added a dividing line to write some relatively lyrical content.

　　This group/reporter Li Tao Intern Zhang Yue Meng

With the popularity of financial services and the rise of Internet lending, many people are exposed to loans, credit cards and other related products. However, it is not uncommon to ask late questions, which is followed by severe collection measures, including lawyers’ letters. Today, we discuss the topic of "saying that I sent a lawyer’s letter to me overdue", and analyze the root causes, legal consequences, solutions and the importance of personal credit management.

Many people rely more and more on loans and credit cards for consumption and financial management, but the overdue questions are also on the rise. Once I accidentally defaulted on a credit card bill and received a serious lawyer’s letter. This letter not only puzzled me, but also made me realize the seriousness of the question-saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue. What went wrong?

The causes of overdue questions include poor personal financial management. Many people lack planning, fail to budget their expenditure and income reasonably, which leads to their inability to repay on time. Unexpected events may also lead to overdue, such as sudden decrease in income or increase in family economic pressure, but financial institutions will not cut their requirements for individual reasons, and those who are overdue will be recovered.

The fact that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue reflects a bigger question, which is the bank or the loan platform, and the attitude towards overdue behavior is getting tougher and tougher. This situation not only affects personal credit, but also may become a hidden danger in economic life.

Behind "saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue" is the serious attitude of the law. In our country’s law, financial contracts are legally binding. If individuals sign repayment agreements with banks or other institutions, they will be responsible for their own credit behavior. Once the overdue situation occurs and the repayment obligation is not fulfilled on time, the financial institution can take recovery measures in accordance with the terms of the contract and relevant laws.

A lawyer’s letter is a formal legal document, which is usually sent by a law firm. Its purpose is to urge the debtor to repay as soon as possible. The fact that I sent a lawyer’s letter to me overdue shows that I have entered the stage of legal intervention. A lawyer’s letter usually lists the amount owed, the breach of contract and the legal consequences, and may misappropriate the penalty clause in the contract to increase the debt.

If the overdue person fails to solve the question after receiving the lawyer’s letter, the consequences may become more serious, including case litigation, property freezing, credit record damage and so on. Saying that I sent a lawyer’s letter overdue is not only a paper threat, but an actual legal pressure, which should not be underestimated.

When faced with the situation of "saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue", it is particularly important to deal with it correctly, and never choose to escape. In this case, active communication and solution are the key to avoid legal consequences.

The first step is to calm down and carefully examine the contents of the lawyer’s letter to confirm whether the amount owed is correct. If there is any mistake, you should contact the other party in time to solve the problem; If it is correct, a repayment plan should be made as soon as possible. Many financial institutions allow repayment by installment or negotiation, so as to avoid further legal proceedings.

Explaining your financial situation is also an effective strategy. Saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue actually reflected the pressure of collection. If you can provide proof to financial institutions or law firms, such as reduced income and family emergency expenses, you may win a certain degree of tolerance.

In any case, don’t ignore the lawyer’s letter as a legal document. Delay in handling will not only lead to more complicated legal disputes, but also seriously damage personal credit. It should be warned that I sent a lawyer’s letter to me after the deadline, so that I can learn to deal with and guard against it.

After dealing with overdue questions, it is more important to avoid similar situations from happening again. Saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue made me deeply aware of the importance of personal credit management.

We should develop good financial planning habits. Make a budget every month, define the ratio of income to expenditure, and ensure that the repayments are covered by sufficient funds. If you can’t avoid loans, you must choose an appropriate amount and do what you can.

Pay attention to the change of credit history. After saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue, I went to inquire about my personal credit report and found that the historical overdue had been recorded. Credit records directly affect the ability to apply for loans and other financial services, so we should always pay attention to them.

Keeping communication channels open is also an important means. The experience of saying that I sent a lawyer’s letter to me overdue made me understand that when the economic pressure is great, I should communicate with financial institutions as soon as possible, and strive to solve the problem as soon as possible to avoid worsening the problem.

Saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue taught me a profound lesson. This is not only a simple reminder, but also a warning in many aspects such as law, credit and financial management. By analyzing the root causes, legal consequences, coping strategies and personal credit management, we can more deeply understand the importance of financial contracts and how to abide by commitments in economic behavior.

Everyone may encounter times of economic stress, but the key is how to face and solve the problem. Learning from the experience of "saying that I sent me a lawyer’s letter overdue", we can better manage our finances in the future, avoid falling into similar difficulties, and at the same time safeguard our personal credit and move towards a more stable economic life.

District and county (city) people’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated units:

The "Hangzhou comprehensive implementation of the basic medical insurance municipal overall implementation plan" issued to you, please earnestly organize the implementation.

Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government

November 16, 2021

(This piece is publicly released)

Hangzhou has fully implemented basic medical insurance.

Municipal overall implementation plan

In order to comprehensively implement the municipal overall planning of basic medical insurance, further improve the basic medical insurance system, enhance the operational efficiency and risk resistance of the basic medical insurance fund, and improve the service level of medical security, this implementation plan is formulated according to the relevant requirements of the state and the province on deepening the reform of the medical security system, combined with the actual situation of our city.

I. Objectives and tasks

Since January 1, 2022, in accordance with the standards of unified system and policy, unified fund collection and expenditure, and integrated management and service, we will realize municipal-level overall planning of basic medical insurance and accelerate the construction of a more fair, sustainable and high-quality basic medical security system.

Second, the basic principles

(1) Adhere to fair enjoyment and coordination. In accordance with the requirements of "do your best and do what you can", improve and unify the city’s basic medical insurance policy, deepen the "three-medical linkage" and "six-medical overall planning", and realize the insured’s legal insurance payment and fair enjoyment of basic medical security.

(2) Adhere to overall fund planning and risk sharing. The implementation of the basic medical insurance fund municipal unified revenue and expenditure management, unified accounting, overall use, strict implementation of fund revenue and expenditure budget management, establish and improve the city and district, county (city) two levels of fund risk responsibility sharing mechanism, improve the overall level of fund risk resistance.

(three) adhere to the system, clear rights and responsibilities. In accordance with the requirements of "municipal overall planning and hierarchical management", balance the interests of all parties, clarify the division of responsibilities between the city and the district and county (city), and establish an incentive and restraint mechanism linked to management performance.

(4) Adhere to smooth convergence and serve the convenience of the people. Carefully adjust the medical security policy to ensure that the overall treatment level of the insured does not decrease; Optimize the handling process of "city-wide general office" to promote the wisdom and convenience of medical security public services.

Third, the main measures

(1) Unified system and policies.

In accordance with the notice of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government on printing and distributing the measures for basic medical security in Hangzhou (Hangzhou Zheng [2020] No.56, hereinafter referred to as the "Measures") and other municipal medical security policies and relevant regulations, the city implements unified basic policies such as basic medical insurance for employees (including maternity insurance, hereinafter referred to as employee medical insurance) and basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents (hereinafter referred to as urban and rural medical insurance). Implement a unified medical insurance payment method and establish a hierarchical management mechanism; Implement a unified basic medical insurance drug list and medical service items (including medical materials) list, medical service prices, medical equipment bidding and procurement policies.

1. Insurance payment policy.

(1) Low-level personnel support the insurance. The medical insurance premiums for urban and rural residents who hold the "Minimum Living Security Marginal Family Certificate" shall be uniformly adjusted to be fully subsidized by the government.

(2) Employee medical insurance payment base. The total wages of the employees of the employing unit are determined according to the sum of the wages paid by the insured employees of the unit, and the base of the wages paid by the on-the-job employees is determined according to the average monthly salary of the previous year. If the employee’s payment wage is lower than the average monthly wage of employees in the whole social unit in Zhejiang Province in the previous year (hereinafter referred to as the provincial flat wage) by 60%, it shall be determined according to the provincial flat wage in the previous year; If it is higher than 300% of the provincial average wage in the previous year, it shall be determined according to 300% of the provincial average wage in the previous year.

2. Treatment waiting period policy.

(1) on-the-job employees. If the employees interrupt the insurance, they will enjoy the medical insurance benefits for employees in the third natural month from the payment month after re-handling the insurance payment procedures. If the employer fails to pay the employee’s medical insurance premium in full and on time, the insured shall suspend the employee’s medical insurance benefits from the second natural month; The tax authorities shall order the employer to pay the supplement within a time limit, and the time limit for paying the supplement within a time limit shall generally not exceed 60 days from the date of making the decision. If the employer pays the employee’s medical insurance premium in full within the time limit, the insured person will resume enjoying the employee’s medical insurance benefits from the second natural month of full payment, and the medical expenses incurred during the period from suspension to restoration of the employee’s medical insurance benefits will be reimbursed by the basic medical insurance fund. If the employer fails to pay the supplementary employee medical insurance premium within the time limit, the employee medical insurance benefits that the insured shall enjoy shall be borne by the employer from the second natural month after the unpaid insurance premium.

(2) Flexible employees. Flexible employment personnel who participate in the medical insurance for employees in this Municipality for the first time shall enjoy the medical insurance benefits for employees from the second natural month of registration. If the flexible employment personnel interrupt the insurance, they will not enjoy the medical insurance benefits for employees during the interruption of the insurance; If normal payment is resumed, employees will enjoy medical insurance benefits in the third natural month from the normal payment month.

(3) Urban and rural residents. Urban and rural residents’ medical insurance insured fails to go through the procedures for participating in (continuing) insurance payment within the time specified in the Measures, and can apply for paying the annual medical insurance premium for urban and rural residents, and enjoy the medical insurance benefits for urban and rural residents in the remaining months of the settlement year from the third natural month of the payment month.

(4) others. In addition to the above circumstances, if the insured person needs to bear the waiting period of treatment according to the provisions of the Measures after changing the medical insurance coverage or handling the transfer and connection procedures, it will be uniformly adjusted to enjoy the medical insurance treatment corresponding to the new insurance coverage from the third natural month of the new insurance payment month.

3 employee medical insurance personal accounts included in the measures.

The personal account funds of on-the-job employees and flexible employees are uniformly allocated according to the standards of Hangzhou urban area. The personal account funds of retirees who have applied for medical insurance before December 31, 2021 shall be uniformly allocated according to the amount of retirement transfer approved in 2021; After January 1, 2022, the quota standard for personal account transfer of new medical insurance retirees was determined according to the personal account transfer policy of the original medical insurance management area in 2021. Unless otherwise provided by the province, such provisions shall prevail.

4. Outpatient treatment policy.

(1) Chronic disease clinic. The insured person’s outpatient medical expenses for chronic diseases in a settlement year meet the payment scope of the basic medical insurance fund and should be borne by the individual, and are included in the payment scope of the serious illness insurance fund. The management scope of chronic diseases shall be implemented according to the relevant provisions of the province and the city.

(2) Outpatient dialysis of chronic renal failure. Will suffer from chronic renal failure to outpatient dialysis treatment of the insured into the city’s special medical assistance. For outpatient dialysis expenses that occur in dialysis designated medical institutions and meet the requirements, employees’ medical insurance insured individuals bear 5%, and urban and rural residents’ medical insurance insured individuals bear 10%; The rest of the medical expenses that should have been borne by individuals after the settlement of basic medical insurance and serious illness insurance according to regulations shall be paid by medical assistance funds. The scope of fund payment and settlement management measures shall be uniformly implemented in accordance with Hangzhou urban policy.

5. Medical treatment management policy.

The city unified the grading diagnosis and treatment system in accordance with the policy of Hangzhou city. Give full play to the regulatory role of the medical community in the structure of diagnosis and treatment and the structure of medical expenses inside and outside the county, and promote the treatment of diseases, rational examination and rational use of drugs. The implementation of a unified management policy for medical treatment in different places, the insured in principle should be directly settled by my valid medical certificate. Medical treatment in different places in the province shall be exempted from filing, and the medical treatment shall be implemented according to the relevant regulations of Hangzhou. The medical expenses of maternity insurance that cannot be directly settled shall be paid in full by the individual and settled by the medical insurance agency according to the regulations. Medical treatment in different places outside the province is generally implemented according to the policy of temporary going out for medical treatment in Hangzhou. After eligible insured persons go through the procedures of referral filing and permanent residence filing in other places, medical treatment is implemented according to the relevant provisions of Hangzhou.

(2) Unified collection and expenditure of funds.

1 unified fund budget and final accounts management. According to the relevant provisions of the budget management of social insurance funds, the draft budget and final accounts of employee medical insurance and urban and rural residents’ medical insurance funds shall be compiled in a unified way, which shall be examined and approved by the whole city and then implemented according to the procedures. Implement the supervision of the whole process of budget and final accounts to enhance the binding and seriousness of the fund’s budget and final accounts.

2. Unified fund revenue and expenditure management. Clarify the subject of fund collection, adjust the income level, and unify the rules of income transfer, fund use and payment management. The implementation of municipal funds unified revenue and expenditure, unified accounting, account management.

3 unified fund transfer and deposit. In the basic medical insurance municipal co-ordination, to Tonglu County, Chun ‘an County and jiande city medical insurance fund to carry out special audit, clear over the years debt, arrears and fund balance and transfer methods, establish and improve the fund balance deposit management mechanism.

4. Unified responsibility sharing mechanism. In accordance with the principle of "unified fund revenue and expenditure, graded responsibility, and reasonable gap sharing", we will establish and improve the responsibility sharing mechanism at the city, district and county (city) levels, so as to realize the equality of rights and obligations, the matching of financial rights and administrative powers, and the combination of incentives and constraints.

The detailed rules for the implementation of the unified revenue and expenditure of the basic medical insurance fund shall be formulated separately by the municipal medical security department in conjunction with the departments of finance, taxation and auditing.

(3) Integration of management and services.

Further promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform in the field of medical insurance, create an efficient and convenient medical insurance service system, and effectively improve service efficiency and service level.

1. Unified protocol management. Formulate and implement unified measures for the agreement management of designated medical institutions, improve the dynamic management mechanism of access and exit, implement unified conditions, evaluation rules and working procedures for designated medical institutions, sign unified agreements and implement unified assessment methods.

2. Unified handling services. Unify the layout of handling outlets, make use of the advantages of cooperative outlets such as banks, insurance companies and medical institutions to create a "30-minute medical insurance service circle" and strive to build a "15-minute medical insurance service circle". Unified handling service standards, realize the standardization of site setting, handling process and service image. Unify the management mode of handling, establish and improve the hierarchical and classified management system, and realize the "separation of handling, one network handling, one window handling and the whole city handling" of medical insurance handling business. Unified handling platform construction, in accordance with the requirements of the province’s "smart medical insurance" information system construction, build a unified medical insurance handling service platform.

3 clear division of labor between the city and the district and county (city). Actively explore a medical security management system that is consistent with the actual situation in our city and compatible with the municipal overall planning of basic medical insurance. The municipal government and its relevant departments are responsible for formulating and adjusting the city’s medical security policies, guiding and managing various medical security services, building and maintaining medical security information systems, making overall plans for the supervision and management of funds, and organizing and implementing the assessment of districts and counties (cities). District, county (city) governments and their relevant departments are responsible for implementing various medical insurance policies, and completing tasks such as enrollment expansion, fund revenue and expenditure, and medical insurance business handling.

Fourth, organizational guarantee

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. It is an important content of deepening the reform of medical security system to comprehensively implement the municipal overall planning of basic medical insurance, which is related to the vital interests of the majority of insured persons and the overall situation of reform, development and stability. All districts and counties (cities) should earnestly raise awareness, strengthen leadership, meticulously organize and solidly promote the implementation of various policies. It is necessary to continuously improve the medical security system, strengthen the construction of personnel and information systems, and ensure that it is compatible with the development of medical insurance in the new era.

(2) Strengthen departmental coordination. The medical security department should take the lead in the specific implementation, properly carry out the smooth convergence of municipal overall policies, do a good job in fund supervision and actuarial balance, and put forward suggestions for policy adjustment in a timely manner according to the operation of the fund to ensure the smooth operation of the fund and improve the efficiency of management services. The financial department should strengthen and improve the management of the fund’s financial accounts, and implement various government subsidies according to regulations. Health departments should strengthen the comprehensive supervision of medical institutions within the municipal overall planning system and do a good job in the construction of graded diagnosis and treatment system. The tax authorities shall perform the duties of collecting and paying the basic medical insurance premiums according to law, and do a good job in the adjustment of collection levels and related collection work. The audit department should strengthen the audit supervision of the city’s basic medical insurance fund before and after the municipal overall planning. Other relevant municipal departments and district and county (city) governments shall do relevant work according to their duties, study and solve problems encountered in the process of work implementation in a timely manner, and report for instructions according to regulations if it is difficult to solve.

(3) Pay attention to publicity and guidance. Strengthen positive publicity and public opinion guidance, thoroughly and accurately interpret the municipal overall planning policy of basic medical insurance, respond to the concerns of the masses in a timely manner, actively guide the insured to seek medical treatment in a reasonable and orderly manner, and effectively enhance the awareness, recognition and satisfaction of all sectors of society on relevant policies.

This implementation plan shall come into force as of January 1, 2022, and the Municipal Medical Security Bureau shall take the lead in organizing the implementation. Unless otherwise stipulated by the state or province, such provisions shall prevail. If the previous documents are inconsistent with the provisions of this implementation plan, this implementation plan shall prevail.

Notice of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Municipal Overall Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Implementation of Basic Medical Insurance in Hangzhou. pdf

Mr. Du Weisheng is a research librarian of the National Library of China, a representative inheritor of national intangible heritage projects, and has been engaged in the restoration of ancient books in the National Library of China for more than 40 years. He is familiar with all kinds of binding forms of ancient books in China, not only mastering the repair techniques of various binding forms of ancient books in China and the mounting techniques of traditional calligraphy and painting in China, but also dealing with all kinds of difficult problems in the process of repairing ancient books. At the same time, he is familiar with the binding and repair techniques of modern hardcover books and paperback books, and also familiar with the binding and repair techniques of ancient hardcover books in Europe. The ancient books he repaired include hundreds of Dunhuang suicide notes from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of the Tang Dynasty, and thousands of rare ancient books such as Wenyuan Yinghua in the Song Dynasty, Yongle Dadian in the Ming Dynasty.

Recently, Du Weisheng was a guest at the 13th lecture of "History of Calligraphy and History of Books" in Peking University Institute of Literature and Art, with the theme of "Paper and Ancient Books in China", which brought us a new understanding of the whole civilization progress system in China with paper as the carrier from the perspective of materials and technological process. The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) arranged some lectures for readers.

Book carrier before the invention of paper

Du Weisheng starts with the book carrier before the invention of paper. At this stage, people mainly write on bamboo slips, wooden slips and silk books, and bamboo and silk books are the earliest known formal books in ancient China. Simplified books appeared in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In the article Shangshu Doshi, the Duke of Zhou warned the adherents of Yin in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty: "Only you know, only your ancestors, there are books and codes." A "book" is a book made up of letters. Both Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jin Wen have the word "book", which shows that there were already books compiled into volumes at that time.

There are two types of compilation of simplified books: first compilation and then writing, and first writing and then editing. Most of the simplified books compiled first and then written are official documents handed down by Confucian classics or classics. Books written first and then compiled are more common in bookkeeping documents. The differences in the use of bamboo slips and wooden slips are generally written on bamboo slips when there are many words, and on board slips if there are fewer words. In the Book of Rites, it is said: "More than 100 books are written in the strategy, not as good as 100 books." The so-called "strategy" and "square", as Zheng Xuan said in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "strategy is simple; Party, board also ". What we are talking about is the usage of bamboo slips and board slips, where more than 100 words are written on bamboo slips and less than 100 words are written on board slips. Now, the words "celebrity’s handwriting" and "letters" are all derived from this.

Silk book with column lines, from Hunan Provincial Museum.

Silk books appeared after bamboo and wooden slips, and some silk books were marked with column lines. The two thick lines on the upper and lower sides actually symbolized the string that connected bamboo slips. The thin ones below actually symbolize the gaps between bamboo slips. Now it’s called hangge. In fact, these lines are the legacy of bamboo slips.

The binding forms of Jane Eyre and Silk Book are: first, all the leaves of the book are connected into a long strip, and the thicker paper is directly rolled up like Jane Eyre, while the thinner paper is imitated by silk book with a small stick of important official, and then rolled up, which is called "rolling".

Bamboo tubes and lacquered wooden cases: Silk books can be rolled up with scrolls or folded and put in fittings. Common containers include bamboo barns (small boxes woven from bamboo strips) and lacquer wood boxes.

Taking Mawangdui silk as an example, Du Weisheng mentioned that many people attach importance to the writing of silk, but its binding form is actually more valuable. It was arranged leaf by leaf and put in a box. In fact, this form is no longer a package, which is the beginning of the leaf system of ancient books in China. Except that the leaves are not bound together, this book already has all the elements of a leaf book.

The invention of paper and the development of binding mode

"Paper is a flat and uniform sheet-like fiber product, and it is the carrier of writing and printing. ….. "When talking about the definition of modern paper, Du Weisheng pointed out that" plant fiber "had to be added to the definition in the early years, but with the spread of chemical fiber paper in the market, the definition of paper also changed. Therefore, paper is a material closely related to the times.

The invention of paper, traditionally speaking, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty summarized the previous paper-making technology and improved it, and in the first year of Yuanxing (105) played its improved method. Emperor Jiashan’s ability, Cai Lun’s paper-making method was promoted. From the perspective of technical history, the invention of bamboo paper, that is, bamboo fiber (stalk) papermaking technology, is a milestone event in China’s papermaking history, which provides technical preparation for future generations to make paper from wood.

Cai Lun paper

As for the time when bamboo paper appeared, according to the existing materials, Du Wei pointed out that bamboo paper had not been seen in the Tang Dynasty. Yi Xiaohui, a librarian of the National Library, added that according to the literature, some people think that bamboo paper originated in Sui and Tang Dynasties. But why we can’t see the real thing of bamboo paper in modern times is actually related to the characteristics of bamboo paper raw materials, which have high lignin content and are not resistant to aging.

And why can bamboo paper, which is not very aging-resistant, be preserved after the Song Dynasty? Because there was an innovation in paper technology during this period. Before the Song Dynasty, bamboo was important for life, but it had not yet entered the cultural field. In the Song Dynasty, bamboo paper just caught up with the advent of printing, which required a lot of paper, and traditional leather paper could not meet this demand. The two technologies promote each other and promote the innovative technology of mass production and preservation of bamboo paper.

In addition, the quality, thickness and excellent production of paper directly affect the binding form and service life of books. Before the Song Dynasty, books were mostly written by hand, and the paper was generally thick, mostly between 0.8 and 0.13 mm. At this time, books were mostly rolled. In the Song Dynasty, printing flourished and book production reached an unprecedented peak. At this time, in order to reduce the production cost of books, the book paper is much thinner than that in the Tang Dynasty, generally 0.06-0.08 mm, and the thinnest paper has reached about 0.05 mm.

Because the leaves of the book are thin, if the book is still in the form of roll, it will be difficult to roll it up. In this way, the binding form of books has also changed, from roll to leaf butterfly. Later, in order to adapt to thinner book paper and speed up the binding of books, Bao Beizhuang, thread binding and other binding forms have gradually developed.

The connection between binding forms　

The binding forms of ancient books in China mainly include simple strategy, scroll binding, folding binding, Van Gogh binding, butterfly binding, Bao Beizhuang binding, thread binding and so on. With the change of book-making materials and the development of book-making technology, book binding forms are constantly evolving, which is more conducive to people’s reading and book preservation and protection. When talking about silk fittings, Du Weisheng mentioned that every binding form of China’s books is related.

After the appearance of paper books, it inherited the binding form of simple strategies and silk books, which is called "rolling". Rolling is a common binding form in ancient books in China. At the end of the Song Dynasty, in order to protect books and increase their appreciation, there appeared a mounting form in which the four sides of rolled books were inlaid with silk fabrics such as twill and silk, stretched and calendered, and then added with heaven and earth poles. Mounted pieces that are horizontally displayed become "hand scrolls", and those that are vertically hung for appreciation are called "vertical shafts" or "hanging shafts". Until today, the binding of calligraphy and painting works in China generally still uses this form.

Scroll-mounted Tang Dynasty manuscript

Bookleaf book is the last stage of the development of book binding in ancient China, and it is also the best representative binding art among ancient books in China. The main feature of album books is that many single pages are assembled and bound into a book, which is also a completely different book form from the simple silk and scroll books that are spread and read. It is a revolution in the history of book binding in China.

Books with leaves mainly include Van Gogh’s clip-on, warp-folding, whirlwind or Long Lin’s, sewing, stitching and many other forms. This form of Sanskrit sandwich was first seen in the ancient Indian Buddhist classics written on Bedolo leaves in Sanskrit, and was mainly popular in the Central Plains of Sui and Tang Dynasties after it was introduced to China. The Van Gogh folder folds the scallops with written words in sequence, clamps them with a board from top to bottom, and pierces holes and ropes. In addition, the Van Gogh clip is not written, but engraved, engraved with a pen with a needle. After engraving, it is smeared with red oil or black oil and infiltrated from the place where the pen tip is cut, which becomes a scarlet letter or black word.

Bei Ye Jing in Dai Language (Fan Jia Zhuang)

The warp folding is developed under the influence of Van Gogh’s clip-on. The method is to stick the written and printed leaves together into a long strip, then fold them evenly according to the fixed specifications, and then stick a thick paper on the first and second leaves as the book cover. Because Buddhist and Taoist classics mostly adopt this binding form, it is called "folding". Folding is also a common binding form in ancient books in China, which can often be seen in ancient costume TV series.

Warp folding

In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, there was also a popular binding form between scroll binding and leaf binding-"whirlwind binding". According to the literature records and the physical objects in the existing Dunhuang suicide note, the adhered leaves are repeatedly folded from the end of the book to the front of the book according to certain specifications, and the front of the book is slightly longer as the backing paper, and the left folding mouth is gathered and fixed, clamped with a stick, punched and threaded; Or a single book leaf written on both sides is collected in sequence, put on a piece of base paper, and the left side is directly bound with thread; The leaves of the book are arranged in an orderly way during exhibition and reading, and rolled up with the collected side as the axis during collection. Whirlwind has basically possessed some characteristics of book-leaf system. Books can be "leafed through" when they are being read, and they are "making a whirlwind leaf paper" when they are rolled up. It can be said that "whirlwind" is an improvement of rolled books.

Long Lin Zhuang

In the Tang Dynasty, "stitching and binding" was also popular for a short time. The appearance of "stitching and binding" is close to that of hardcover books now, and the biggest difference is the bare spine. When talking about the binding technology of "stitching" books, which pioneered modern hardcover books, Du Weisheng put forward a questioning conjecture against the statement that "hardcover books came from the west": in fact, western hardcover books were stitched from China, spread to Central Asia and then spread to Europe. The basis is that the binding mode of western books is from volume to hardcover, with a vacuum in the middle, while the binding mode of ancient books in China is consistent with each other.

Cover of "Eight Yang God Curse Sutra" (stitched and decorated)

The closest thing to the appearance of modern paperback books is "Bao Beizhuang", and the most typical book by Bao Beizhuang is "Si Ku Quan Shu". Bao Beizhuang’s way of folding leaves is the opposite of butterfly dress. Fold the page without words and the page with words outward, and then bind it. The appearance of paperback books is exactly the same as that of today’s paperback books. The difference between paperback books and ancient books on the back is that paperback books are printed on two sides of a book, while Bao Beizhuang ancient books are folded on two sides of a book. There is only one difference.

Sikuquanshu

The origin of thread packing is very early, which existed in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Du Weisheng mentioned that he saw the thread packing in the Dunhuang suicide note in France, and the method of setting the line was basically the same as today’s thread packing. At present, thread-bound books generally have four eyeliners, while the thread-bound book in Dunhuang suicide note has three eyeliners, so one eye is punched up and down, one eye is punched in the middle, and it is sewn with a single thread. Except for the number of thread-bound eyes, the others are exactly the same as the common thread-bound books.

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in order to adapt to the frequent reading of books, thread binding became popular. Thread-bound is the same as the folding way of bag back. The spine of the book is exposed, nailed and threaded, and bound into a book. Thread-bound is the most common binding form of ancient books in China after the middle of Ming Dynasty. The significance of the appearance of thread-bound books to ancient books in China is: firstly, it simplifies the binding process, but improves the labor efficiency; Third, it provides technical conditions for large-scale production of books.

　　The courtyard of Nuoda is full of greenery. A homestay on Huandao Road in Xiamen is welcomed by travelers in the form of "working for accommodation". Many young people come here to help the homestay do some service work in exchange for accommodation, get in touch with the society in a way of life and get to know the city from the perspective of life.

　　"Work for lodging" is also called "volunteer travel". This kind of tourism is very popular in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada and other countries and regions, especially among young people. They exchange their labor and professional skills for free accommodation or money. The main purpose is to truly integrate into local life through their experience in local work and in-depth tourism.

　　In recent years, many places in China have also begun to rise. Many young people, especially college students, take advantage of their holidays and choose to go out to work and vacation, thus gaining different life experiences while working and vacationing.

　　Different life experiences

　　"I spent very little money and went to many places, and it was not a cursory visit." Xiaoshi is a student in Fujian Normal University. From the first year of his freshman year, he tried to "work for accommodation". In this way, he stayed in Beijing for more than a month and traveled all over the scenic spots, leaving his footprints in Lijiang and Sanya.

　　Xiaoshi told reporters that this kind of travel is very suitable for young people, and many people around him have tried it. "Mainly to help do some simple work, such as cleaning, picking up and dropping off, etc. Basically implement a shift system, take a day off from work, and you can arrange your own time to play. "

　　According to professionals, the job opportunities provided by homestays can be roughly divided into two categories: "general accommodation change" and "professional accommodation change". The former refers to manual work such as cleaning and weeding, while the latter includes cooking, translation, decoration, tour guide and field investigation. If you have expertise in hotels and restaurants, or are experienced in tourism, you are more likely to be selected, and you can be responsible for cooking, garden layout, shooting and so on.

　　Chen Binggang has just worked, but she is a senior "work-for-accommodation" traveler. She visited more than ten countries in South Asia, the Middle East and Africa at a very low cost and experienced the customs of each country.

　　Xiamen Mark Inn has been carrying out "work-to-stay exchange" for seven years, and the exchange period is 30 days each time. The inn has formulated a system to protect the rights and obligations of participants. College students come here, mainly to do some room cleaning, front desk management, help guests pour tea, pick up guests and so on.

　　"After deciding where you want to go, you can start looking for job opportunities in a specific area." Chen Bing said that at present, there are a lot of experiences to share on the Internet, and employers will send out recruitment notices on their own initiative. If you want to "change jobs and stay" smoothly, you must do your homework beforehand.

　　The reporter learned that at present, many famous tourist attractions in China, such as Phoenix in Hunan and Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan, have the same form of tourism.

　　Attracting young labor force to help tourism

　　"Through work, I got not only free accommodation, but also an interesting experience, which is very helpful for my growth." Xiao Shi said that through the travel mode of "working and staying", not only can you travel deeply and truly understand the customs of a place, but you can also meet all kinds of people and cultivate your independence and ability to deal with others through work and exercise.

　　"Especially my original spoken English was poor, but I met many foreigners in Beijing for a month. Through face-to-face communication with them, I have made rapid growth in this respect." Xiao Shi said that the main reasons why young people are keen on "changing jobs and lodging" now include broadening their horizons, improving their language ability and cultivating their independence, and satisfying their curiosity about the world.

　　Mark, the person in charge of Xiamen Mark Inn, believes that "working for accommodation" is favored because it allows travelers to understand the customs of a place in a new way. "Living in a different way, it is not a pure trip, but a way to travel by life. Of course, this kind of travel is a win-win situation for both hotel operators and travelers. "

　　For homestay operators and tourism agencies, the trendy way of "working for accommodation" can attract young workers to alleviate the short-term shortage of labor and help the development of local tourism.

　　Enhance the awareness of prevention

　　With the rise of "working for accommodation", people in the industry reminded that there are also many unscrupulous workers, and there is a lack of protection when problems arise. Young people should keep their eyes open and avoid risks, such as carefully identifying the authenticity of the recruitment information of "work for accommodation", choosing a guaranteed travel platform of "work for accommodation", buying insurance and signing relevant agreements.

　　Chen Bing said that in the process of "changing jobs for lodging", we should strengthen our awareness of self-protection and pay attention to personal safety and property safety. Especially when going abroad to "work and change places", it is necessary to understand the relevant regulations of the place where you go, including the nature of your documents and the restrictions on your work. In addition, we should also pay attention to the protection of personal rights and interests, and safeguard rights when necessary.

　　Gan Mantang, a professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of Fuzhou University, also said that "changing jobs and lodging" should do all kinds of homework before departure and pay attention to preventing risks. The first is the legal risk of working. Before you travel, you should know whether your country and region allow short-term jobs with travel documents. If it is not allowed, or there is no regulation, it is necessary to guard against the legal risks of illegal work. The second is the work content and welfare. In terms of work, you need to know the contents of work services provided by your hotel or work organization, including working hours, working hours, working content, etc. In terms of welfare, whether to provide three meals, transportation, transportation subsidy, accommodation place, pocket money, extra course experience, etc.

　　Gan Mantang believes that "working for accommodation" is a new thing, and it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the information on the platform of "working for accommodation" on the Internet to prevent false information from misleading college students. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out supervision and irregular inspection on the recipients of "work for accommodation" to ensure the healthy development of this new mode of travel.

   [Tianji. com Mobile Channel]As Huawei Pura70 series started the pioneer program yesterday, many people experienced this product at the first time. Xiaobian was satisfied with this one as a whole after the experience, except for the unlocking experience.  

    Huawei was one of the earliest manufacturers to adopt screen and 3D structured light face recognition, even in the past Huawei Mate20  Pro  UD、Mate30  Pro、Mate40  Pro is equipped with two payment-grade biological unlocking schemes, namely, screen fingerprint recognition and 3D structured light recognition, and the screen fingerprints of the above-mentioned models are still ultra-thin recognition modules, and the recognition position is very reasonable. At that time, the unlocking experience of Huawei’s flagship mobile phone can be said to be the most perfect in the whole machine circle.  

    However, from the beginning of Huawei’s flagship mobile phone, the short-focus screen fingerprint recognition module has become standard, which has little impact on Mate series supporting 3D structured light face recognition. However, for P series, short-focus fingerprint identification, which is extremely low, has become the only payment-level biometric identification scheme, and it is not comfortable to use. In the latest Pura70 series, all models from 5000 to 10000 are using short-focus fingerprint recognition. Xiao Bian thinks this shortcoming is the biggest regret of Huawei Pura70.  

   The good news is.This situation should be improved in the near future. At present, there are two kinds of fingerprint identification technologies under the screen: optical fingerprint identification and ultrasonic fingerprint identification. The unlocking principle of optical fingerprint recognition is to use the refraction and reflection of light. When a finger is placed in the unlocking area, high light will appear in the area to illuminate the fingerprint area, and the reflected light will return to the sensor under the optical fingerprint module through the gap of the screen.

    The principle of ultrasonic fingerprint identification technology is that the finger presses the screen, and the sensor under the screen emits ultrasonic waves to the finger pressing area. When the ultrasonic wave touches the "gully" of the fingerprint, the degree of absorption, penetration and reflection is different, and echoes with different energies will be generated and received by the sensor, so as to construct a 3D fingerprint image, and then achieve the purpose of identification and unlocking.  

    Compared with the two technologies, ultrasonic fingerprint identification technology has the characteristics of fast identification speed, high identification rate, strong penetration, no fear of water stains and stains, strong interference ability, support for in-vivo detection, high security and so on, and it is the main identification scheme used by many flagship models at present.

    However, the existing ultrasonic fingerprint identification scheme is mainly provided by Qualcomm, and Huawei’s Kirin platform does not have relevant patents, so we can’t use more advanced fingerprint identification scheme on the latest Mate and Pura models.  

    Recently, the network exposed a new patent of Huawei called "an ultrasonic fingerprint identification module, system and electronic equipment". As the name implies, this is Huawei’s self-developed ultrasonic fingerprint identification scheme. In addition, according to well-known digital bloggers, there is a Mate  70 is testing the ultrasonic fingerprint sensor, and it seems that it will not be particularly far away from the practical application. There is great hope for P80 and Mate80 next year.  

    This style of acting is very "Huawei", including the previous screen. Before, Huawei flagship machine’s screen had a big gap in quality and perception compared with competing products. The reason was that Huawei insisted on using and supporting domestic screens. Although it was controversial, after years of efforts, domestic screens finally made great progress. Now many mobile phones will be proud of being equipped with domestic screens, and the overall price of OLED screens for mobile phones has also become lower. Many domestic enterprises related to display have also gained sufficient technical accumulation.  

    In the research and development of fingerprint identification scheme, Huawei still follows its own rhythm. When it is in trouble, it does not choose to compromise, concentrates on research and development, and then makes a blockbuster. I believe that in the future, we can use the self-developed ultrasonic fingerprint identification technology.