It’s not ＂unhappy＂ but a disease, and now it will be included in the medical examination.
On the 11th, National Health Commission released the Work Plan of Exploring Special Services for Depression Prevention and Treatment, which proposed that by 2022, the rate of depression treatment will increase by 50% on the existing basis.
The "Program" also suggests that all high schools and institutions of higher learning should include depression screening in students’ health checkups; All kinds of physical examination centers include emotional state assessment in physical examination items; Screening for maternal depression is included in routine pregnancy examination and postpartum visit.
depression
Is becoming the second biggest killer of mankind after cancer.
According to data released by the World Health Organization in 2019,
The total number of depression patients in the world exceeds 350 million.
There are more than 95 million people with pan-depression in China.
About 200,000 people commit suicide every year because of depression.
Shocking figures
Reminds us that we must face up to "depression"
Depression is a disease.
Not "unhappy", not "hard", not "obsessed", not "melodramatic" … … Depression is a definite disease.
According to WHO’s definition, depression is a common mental illness, which is mainly manifested in emotional aspects, but also some physical symptoms. Patients feel depressed, lose interest or enjoyment, feel guilty, or have low self-esteem, sleep and appetite disorders, physical fatigue, and difficulty in concentration.Depression can be divided into mild, moderate and severe depression according to its severity.
"Susceptible population" covers all ages
The data shows that the prevalence of depression in China is 4.2%.
In the distribution of men and women, the prevalence rate of women is higher than that of men, especially the prevalence rate of maternal depression is increasing year by year.
In terms of age distribution, the elderly aged 55-74 are susceptible to depression.
Around you and me, one in every 10 people suffers from depression.
△ Source: World Health Organization
Don’t think that only adults will get depression, and teenagers and children have the chance to get it.
Among adolescents aged 15-19, the prevalence rate of males is about 3.1% and that of females is about 4.6%.
On August 22 this year, a tragedy happened in Luxian County, Sichuan Province. A 15-year-old girl jumped from the 25th floor. Her father was injured while trying to rescue her daughter downstairs. Both of them died after being rescued. The girl’s mother said that she suffered from depression and was hospitalized before the incident.
Although from this point of view,The "attack range" of depression is not limited to a certain age group.However, its occurrence is closely related to people’s current living conditions.
People in these situations are vulnerable to depression. "Keep an eye on"
People in high-pressure environment
People who are "stressed" have a higher risk of depression. Stress can come from chronic stress, such as study, work and economic stress, or from acute stress, such as the unexpected departure of relatives and traffic accidents.
△ Image source: 21st century business herald
According to the "Research Report on Mental Health of Workplaces in 2020" released this year, multi-dimensional factors such as social factors and family status will have an impact on mental health. In the survey,More than 40% of professionals have a tendency to be depressed.
Women in Three Special Periods
Because women are more sensitive and empathetic. Their risk of depression is twice that of men, especially inPuberty, postpartum and menopauseThese three special stages are more obvious.
Teenagers in contradiction
In recent years, depression has begun to show a trend of younger age, and the number of patients with depression in adolescence has increased year by year. Relevant data in 2017 show that the prevalence rate of adolescents has reached 4%~8%.
△ Source: Blue Book of Education: China Education Development Report (2018).
"Blue Book of Education: China Education Development Report (2018)" counts 392 cases of suicide among children and adolescents publicly reported in one year, and three types of factors leading to depression among adolescents areFamily conflicts, academic pressures and conflicts between teachers and students.
Therefore, as mentioned in the "Program", it is appropriate to suggest that all high schools and institutions of higher learning should incorporate depression screening into the content of students’ health examination.
Lonely middle-aged and elderly
the agedDue to gradual aging, reduced communication with the outside world and lack of companionshipWait, it is also a high-risk group of depression.
In recent years, the incidence of emotional problems among the elderly has increased year by year, especially depression is not uncommon among the elderly.Depression has become one of the main diseases that affect the quality of life of the elderly and lead to a decline in happiness.
Nowadays, although more and more people have begun to care about and understand depression. However, there are still a large number of people who misunderstand or even prejudice it and regard depression as."melodramatic" and "fragile"Performance of.
Blx is melodramatic and fragile. How can she be depressed when she smiles so happily? Poor tolerance
Depression is fragile and vulnerable?
Misunderstanding!
"People who have never drowned will never know what it is like to be unable to breathe."
Depression is not melodramatic, not moaning, but a disease that needs medical intervention.
Others don’t care, don’t care, even cynicism and bad words.It may have irreparable consequences for patients.
People with cheerful personality will not suffer from depression?
Misunderstanding!
Many people think that people who are usually cheerful will definitely not suffer from depression, while introverts are prone to depression.This is the biggest misunderstanding of depression.
Being friendly and cheerful is only a person’s personality or habitual behavior pattern, and has no essential relationship with depression. It is precisely because they love to laugh, be friendly and cheerful that their true feelings and needs are more easily overlooked and not easily discovered, soPlease give them more understanding and care once they take the initiative to ask for help.
Depression is anxiety, a serious "mental illness"?
Misunderstanding!
Depression and anxiety.Often mentioned at the same time. However, it is a misunderstanding to treat anxiety less than depression and explain the cause of depression with too much anxiety.
haveVery few patients with severe depression.Because of their illness, they can’t express their feelings and their words are logically confused. In this case, don’t label them as "mental illness". After treatment, this kind of depression is almost alwaysIt can completely return to normal after a few weeks and months.
After avoiding these misunderstandings, how to detect the symptoms in time so as to intervene and treat as soon as possible?
The following manifestations of depression can be felt not only by yourself, but also by people around you ↓
At present, the treatment of depression is mainly based on antidepressant drugs, supplemented by psychotherapy or physical therapy.
medication
At present, the main treatment for depression is medication.
According to the data, antidepressants can effectively improve depression, relieve somatization symptoms and anxiety symptoms, and the effective rate is 60% ~ 80%.
psychotherapy
Compared with drug therapy, the advantage of psychotherapy is that it can make up for the high recurrence rate of drug therapy. Secondly, psychotherapy is more humanized and easy to be accepted by some patients who are unwilling to take drug therapy.
Psychotherapy can change mood and behavior by changing cognition. It intervenes from a higher level, that is, the central level, to regulate neurotransmitters, so as to act on the downstream and achieve curative effect.
physiotherapy
The treatment of depressive disorder mainly depends on medication and psychotherapy, but about 20% patients show poor curative effect in long-term follow-up.
These patients may take physical therapy to intervene. At present, the common physical therapy is MECT, TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Therapy) and so on.
Listening and caring of people around you.
Depression ≠ Being in a bad mood is a disease.Not only do you need to receive professional treatment, but you also need more companionship, more listening and more care from your family.If there are people with depression around us, we should help them like this:
Give them full trust and don’t use excessive words to stimulate and accuse them;
Provide a quiet and safe environment, and properly keep items that may be dangerous;
Listen patiently to their expressions;
When someone around you is found to be prone to depression, observe and take care of them in time and take them to see a doctor if necessary.
To prevent depression, we need to make psychological adjustment fundamentally. These self-adjustment methods may help ↓
Sleep method:Adequate sleep can relieve fatigue and reduce the impact of bad mood on the body.
Exercise method:Exercise is one of the most effective ways to relieve bad mood, which can help the body secrete happy dopamine.
Diet:Carbohydrate is a kind of food that can calm the mood. It can make the brain secrete a neurotransmitter, which helps people calm down and relax.
Hint method:It is found that among people who experience depression, people who can actively find the positive side can get out of the mood faster.
Color method:Anger, stay away from red; Depression, stay away from black and dark blue; Anxiety or nervousness, choose light blue.
Music:Listening to music for 10 minutes can relieve bad mood. Sometimes it is better to learn unfamiliar music.
Breathing method:When you are under stress, you should slow down your breathing and try to roll your tongue back. Can relieve emotions in a few seconds.
Illumination method:Keeping yourself in a bright environment can effectively resist the influence of bad emotions.
Like other diseases
Depression should not be misinterpreted and discriminated.
Only by facing it squarely and understanding it.
It is possible to defeat it.